高速列车车内低频气动噪声预测与控制
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摘要
随着列车的运行速度不断的提高,列车受到气动作用下的振动愈来愈剧烈,使车内噪声逐渐增加,造成车内旅客的乘坐舒适性大大的降低。本文针对列车车体在气动力作用下(包括名线单车、两车交会、隧道通过等工况)时产生的车内低频噪声进行预测分析,为下一步对车内噪声的控制分析作铺垫。
本文的主要工作如下：
1.建立高速列车空气动力学计算模型,利用计算流体力学软件FLUENT,基于大涡模拟法得到了列车在明线上、两车交会以及列车过隧道等工况下车体表面的脉动压力。经研究分析得到：同一工况下,随着列车运行速度的提高,车体表面脉动压力波动幅度增大；在同一运行速度下时,列车在隧道通过时的车体表面脉动压力最大。
2.建立高速列车中间车车体有限元模型,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS对车体进行结构模态分析,将明线单车、两车交会以及隧道通过等工况得到的脉动压力加载至列车车体上,进行结构的气动瞬态响应分析,得到了列车中间下的振动位移。经分析发现,仅在气动作用下时,列车车顶、车窗等部位的振动位移最大,车底次之,端墙振动最小；随着列车运行速度的提高,列车车体振动愈来愈剧烈；在同运行速度时,隧道通过时的振动位移最大,特别是列车刚进入隧道时刻振动最为剧烈。
3.建立高速列车乘客室内的声学计算模型。将列乍结构振动位移经过快速FFT变换后,得到车体在频域上的振动位移,以此作为声学计算的边界条件。利用声学软件Virtual.Lab Acoustic基于声学直接边界元法对在不同工况下的车内噪声分布进行了详细分析。经研究表明：车内低频气动噪声随着列车运行速度的二次方增长;距车底1.6m高的观测平面声压比距车底1.2m高处的观测平面的声压值要大；在同一运行速度下列车过隧道时车内声压值最大,两车交会次之,明线单车运行最小
4.基于声学传递向量法对车体进行板块贡献量分析,得到车顶、车底和车窗对车内声压的贡献量最大,端墙的贡献量最小。基于声压板块贡献量分析对上述贡献量较大的板块定义吸声属性以及提高车体刚度,可以有效地降低车内噪声,提高了车内旅客乘坐舒适度。
With the speed of the train increasing continuously, the train's vibration is more and more intense under the aerodynamic loads, the interior noise of the high-speed train increasing gradually, which leads to reducing the comfort of passengers greatly. This article will predict and analysis the interior low frequency aerodynamic noise(including the ground, the intersection of the two high-speed trains, passing through the tunnel etc.) of high-speed train, for further control of interior noise analysis for bedding.
The main content of studying includes the following aspects in this paper:
1. The aerodynamic model of the high-speed train was built. With the computational software FLUENT, The fluctuation pressures of the train's surface under the ground, the intersection of the two high-speed trains and passing through the tunnel were obtained by using the LES. The result shows that under the same conditions, as the speed of the train increasing, the fluctuation pressure of the middle train's surface is larger. And when the speeds of high-speed train are same, the fluctuation pressures of the middle train's surface is the largest as passing through tunnel.
2. The structure finite element model of the middle of the high-speed train was built. With the finite analysis software ANSYS, which was conducted modal analysis, and the vibration displacements under the ground, the intersection of the two high-speed trains and passing through the tunnel are obtained through the transient analysis. The result shows that the vibration displacements of the roof, the windows are largest, the floor is followed by and the end wall is smallest under only the aerodynamic loads. With the speed of the high-speed train improving, the train's vibration is more and more intense. And when the speeds of high-speed train are same under all condtions. the vibration displacement of the train passing through tunnel is largest, especially at the time of the train entering the tunnel.
3. The acoustic model of the high-speed passenger cabin was built. With the acoustic software Virtual.Lab Acoustic, the distribution of the interior noise under the different conditions were analysised in detail by using the direct boundary element method. The result shows that:interior low frequency aerodynamic noise increases with the speed of the square. The sound pressure of observation plane from the bottom of the train height of1.2m is larger than the height of1.6m. And when the speeds of high-speed train are same under all condtions, the sound pressure of the train passing through tunnel is largest, the intersection of the two high-speed trains is followed by, the sound pressure of the train which run on the ground is smallest.
4. Based on the acoustic transfer vector method, the contribution of the train plate was analysised. The result shows that the contributions of the roof, the floor and the windows are largest, and the end wall is smallest. Based on the above-mentioned analysis of the contribution of the plates of which are some larger, and define the sound absorption properties and increase the train body stiffness, which can be effective in reducing interior noise, and improving the comfort of the passengers.
本文的主要工作如下：
1.建立高速列车空气动力学计算模型,利用计算流体力学软件FLUENT,基于大涡模拟法得到了列车在明线上、两车交会以及列车过隧道等工况下车体表面的脉动压力。经研究分析得到：同一工况下,随着列车运行速度的提高,车体表面脉动压力波动幅度增大；在同一运行速度下时,列车在隧道通过时的车体表面脉动压力最大。
2.建立高速列车中间车车体有限元模型,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS对车体进行结构模态分析,将明线单车、两车交会以及隧道通过等工况得到的脉动压力加载至列车车体上,进行结构的气动瞬态响应分析,得到了列车中间下的振动位移。经分析发现,仅在气动作用下时,列车车顶、车窗等部位的振动位移最大,车底次之,端墙振动最小；随着列车运行速度的提高,列车车体振动愈来愈剧烈；在同运行速度时,隧道通过时的振动位移最大,特别是列车刚进入隧道时刻振动最为剧烈。
3.建立高速列车乘客室内的声学计算模型。将列乍结构振动位移经过快速FFT变换后,得到车体在频域上的振动位移,以此作为声学计算的边界条件。利用声学软件Virtual.Lab Acoustic基于声学直接边界元法对在不同工况下的车内噪声分布进行了详细分析。经研究表明：车内低频气动噪声随着列车运行速度的二次方增长;距车底1.6m高的观测平面声压比距车底1.2m高处的观测平面的声压值要大；在同一运行速度下列车过隧道时车内声压值最大,两车交会次之,明线单车运行最小
4.基于声学传递向量法对车体进行板块贡献量分析,得到车顶、车底和车窗对车内声压的贡献量最大,端墙的贡献量最小。基于声压板块贡献量分析对上述贡献量较大的板块定义吸声属性以及提高车体刚度,可以有效地降低车内噪声,提高了车内旅客乘坐舒适度。
With the speed of the train increasing continuously, the train's vibration is more and more intense under the aerodynamic loads, the interior noise of the high-speed train increasing gradually, which leads to reducing the comfort of passengers greatly. This article will predict and analysis the interior low frequency aerodynamic noise(including the ground, the intersection of the two high-speed trains, passing through the tunnel etc.) of high-speed train, for further control of interior noise analysis for bedding.
The main content of studying includes the following aspects in this paper:
1. The aerodynamic model of the high-speed train was built. With the computational software FLUENT, The fluctuation pressures of the train's surface under the ground, the intersection of the two high-speed trains and passing through the tunnel were obtained by using the LES. The result shows that under the same conditions, as the speed of the train increasing, the fluctuation pressure of the middle train's surface is larger. And when the speeds of high-speed train are same, the fluctuation pressures of the middle train's surface is the largest as passing through tunnel.
2. The structure finite element model of the middle of the high-speed train was built. With the finite analysis software ANSYS, which was conducted modal analysis, and the vibration displacements under the ground, the intersection of the two high-speed trains and passing through the tunnel are obtained through the transient analysis. The result shows that the vibration displacements of the roof, the windows are largest, the floor is followed by and the end wall is smallest under only the aerodynamic loads. With the speed of the high-speed train improving, the train's vibration is more and more intense. And when the speeds of high-speed train are same under all condtions. the vibration displacement of the train passing through tunnel is largest, especially at the time of the train entering the tunnel.
3. The acoustic model of the high-speed passenger cabin was built. With the acoustic software Virtual.Lab Acoustic, the distribution of the interior noise under the different conditions were analysised in detail by using the direct boundary element method. The result shows that:interior low frequency aerodynamic noise increases with the speed of the square. The sound pressure of observation plane from the bottom of the train height of1.2m is larger than the height of1.6m. And when the speeds of high-speed train are same under all condtions, the sound pressure of the train passing through tunnel is largest, the intersection of the two high-speed trains is followed by, the sound pressure of the train which run on the ground is smallest.
4. Based on the acoustic transfer vector method, the contribution of the train plate was analysised. The result shows that the contributions of the roof, the floor and the windows are largest, and the end wall is smallest. Based on the above-mentioned analysis of the contribution of the plates of which are some larger, and define the sound absorption properties and increase the train body stiffness, which can be effective in reducing interior noise, and improving the comfort of the passengers.
引文
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[3]周长江.高速铁路发展概况及展望.科技交流.2005(2)：38-42.
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[5]顿小红.从世界高速铁路发展看我国高速铁路建设.现代商贸工业.2007,19(6)：22-23.
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[8]何华武.快速发展的中国高速铁路.中国铁路.2006,7：23-31.
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