图像数字水印理论与技术研究
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摘要
随着数字多媒体技术的发展，数字水印技术已经成为数字版权保护领域研究的一个热点问题。数字水印技术是将特定的信息嵌入到数字媒体中，从而保护数字媒体的安全。数字水印技术的应用除了版权保护，还包括内容认证、隐蔽通信和数据嵌入等等很多方面。在这些应用中，水印被嵌入到宿主数据中，这种嵌入应该是不可见的，并且对于含水印数据的各种可能的操作具有鲁棒性。也就是说从失真变形的含水印数据中仍能够可靠地将水印提取出来。开发鲁棒性的数字水印技术是水印领域研究的热点和难点，也是数字水印技术真正实现广泛的商业化应用必须解决的一个课题。
本文以静止数字图像水印作为研究对象，对整个数字水印技术进行了系统性的研究。对数字水印的嵌入方法、检测方法、水印的构造方法进行了深入研究；对影响数字水印设计方法有效性的系统指标，如检测器的统计特性、水印容量等问题，运用通信理论和信号检测知识进行了理论分析。
着重对频域数字水印技术进行研究，致力于鲁棒性的数字水印方法设计。提出一种基于HVS特性的DCT域图像自适应盲水印算法。将HVS对于图像感知的三个主要特征：背景照度特性、频率掩蔽(masking)特性和纹理掩蔽特性，进行量化处理，形成三个掩蔽因子：背景照度掩蔽因子、频率掩蔽因子和纹理掩蔽因子，作为控制水印嵌入的权值。这三个掩蔽因子是和分块DCT系数结合在一起的，根据图像的局部区域特征计算掩蔽因子，使其达到图像自适应性。
对于抗几何攻击的数字水印方法，本文提出了一种新的鲁棒性大容量数字水印方法。此方法将水印嵌入在图像边缘的DFT幅值中，同时保持图像的平滑区域不变，从而使保真度得到提高。此方法可将2304bits的信息嵌入到512×512大小的图像中。试验结果表明本文提出的方法可以在提高水印嵌入容量、深度的同时保持很高的保真度。此方法采用半盲水印检测技术，利用原始图像的边缘信息图作为检测器的边带信息(side information)，这大大减
With the development of digital multimedia technology, digital watermark has become a popular topic in the field of digital copyright protection. Digital watermark servers as protection the securities of digital multimedia by embedding special information into it. Applications of watermarking include not only copyright protection, but also document authentication, covert communications and data embedding, etc. In these applications, a watermark is embedded within a host data. This embedding should be nearly imperceptible and robust against possible manipulations of the watermarked data, in the sense that it should be possible to reliably extract the watermark in a degraded version of the signal. Degradations include operations such as addition of noise, filtering, compression and geometrics distortion. These degradations could be intentional (due to an adversary) or nonintentional (e.g. due to a common image processing). The designing of a watermark resistant to these distortions is still an open problem. Robustness is crucial for watermarking technology in order to be used widely in commercial areas.
This paper takes still images as example, systematically studied the technology of digital watermarking. The frameworks and methods of embedding, detection and watermark signal encoding were presented. Theoretical analyses of the watermark detector's statistical characteristics and the channel capacity was presented. These are helpful for development efficient watermarking schemes.
This paper focused on the study of watermarking schemes in frequency domain and tried to develop robust watermarking methods. A DCT domain blind watermark scheme was proposed, which is image self-adaptive and taking into account the HVS. Three masking factors of luminance, frequency and texture were formulated according to the local characteristics of the host image. These three factors were calculated directly according to the 8x8 DCT blocks coefficient.
本文以静止数字图像水印作为研究对象，对整个数字水印技术进行了系统性的研究。对数字水印的嵌入方法、检测方法、水印的构造方法进行了深入研究；对影响数字水印设计方法有效性的系统指标，如检测器的统计特性、水印容量等问题，运用通信理论和信号检测知识进行了理论分析。
着重对频域数字水印技术进行研究，致力于鲁棒性的数字水印方法设计。提出一种基于HVS特性的DCT域图像自适应盲水印算法。将HVS对于图像感知的三个主要特征：背景照度特性、频率掩蔽(masking)特性和纹理掩蔽特性，进行量化处理，形成三个掩蔽因子：背景照度掩蔽因子、频率掩蔽因子和纹理掩蔽因子，作为控制水印嵌入的权值。这三个掩蔽因子是和分块DCT系数结合在一起的，根据图像的局部区域特征计算掩蔽因子，使其达到图像自适应性。
对于抗几何攻击的数字水印方法，本文提出了一种新的鲁棒性大容量数字水印方法。此方法将水印嵌入在图像边缘的DFT幅值中，同时保持图像的平滑区域不变，从而使保真度得到提高。此方法可将2304bits的信息嵌入到512×512大小的图像中。试验结果表明本文提出的方法可以在提高水印嵌入容量、深度的同时保持很高的保真度。此方法采用半盲水印检测技术，利用原始图像的边缘信息图作为检测器的边带信息(side information)，这大大减
With the development of digital multimedia technology, digital watermark has become a popular topic in the field of digital copyright protection. Digital watermark servers as protection the securities of digital multimedia by embedding special information into it. Applications of watermarking include not only copyright protection, but also document authentication, covert communications and data embedding, etc. In these applications, a watermark is embedded within a host data. This embedding should be nearly imperceptible and robust against possible manipulations of the watermarked data, in the sense that it should be possible to reliably extract the watermark in a degraded version of the signal. Degradations include operations such as addition of noise, filtering, compression and geometrics distortion. These degradations could be intentional (due to an adversary) or nonintentional (e.g. due to a common image processing). The designing of a watermark resistant to these distortions is still an open problem. Robustness is crucial for watermarking technology in order to be used widely in commercial areas.
This paper takes still images as example, systematically studied the technology of digital watermarking. The frameworks and methods of embedding, detection and watermark signal encoding were presented. Theoretical analyses of the watermark detector's statistical characteristics and the channel capacity was presented. These are helpful for development efficient watermarking schemes.
This paper focused on the study of watermarking schemes in frequency domain and tried to develop robust watermarking methods. A DCT domain blind watermark scheme was proposed, which is image self-adaptive and taking into account the HVS. Three masking factors of luminance, frequency and texture were formulated according to the local characteristics of the host image. These three factors were calculated directly according to the 8x8 DCT blocks coefficient.
引文
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