萃取法回收电镀废水中六价铬离子的研究
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摘要
电镀是利用化学方法在金属或其它材料表面镀上各种金属,有“美容师”之称,但在其过程中产生的各种漂洗废水和废液导致电镀成为当今全球三大污染行业之一。电镀废水具有难降解、剧毒等特性。目前,传统的电镀行业废水处理方法虽然都已经有相当成熟的应用,但具有处理成本高、资源浪费、易造成二次污染等不足。面对日趋严重的环境污染问题,为实现电镀企业的可持续发展,就必须采取更高效的方法来处理电镀废水,基于此,本文研究了两种不同萃取法回收电镀废水中六价铬离子,以实现电镀废水的资源化利用。
首先,本文分别采用磷酸三丁酯(TBP)、二(2-乙基己基)磷酸酯(D2EHPA)为载体,煤油、氯仿为稀释剂,通过对含铬电镀废水进行络合萃取技术处理研究,选择合适的萃取体系,最终确定萃取体系为70% D2EHPA+30%煤油,并研究载体的浓度、萃取时间、萃取比例、萃取温度等因素对萃取率的影响,并采用pH值摆动效应对负载有金属离子的有机相进行了反萃研究,以获得最佳操作条件。最后发现在常温(298K)下,平衡萃取时间为30min,对铬离子的萃取率几乎达到90%,采用反萃剂为0.2M盐酸进行反萃几乎达到100%的反萃。
其次,在络合萃取法确定萃取体系和优化条件的基础上,采用反萃预分散式中空纤维支撑液膜技术(HFSLM-SD)处理电镀废水以降低有机溶剂的损失,并使萃取和反萃取过程实现同步、连续化操作。以常用的聚丙烯(PP)中空纤维膜为膜材料,二(2-乙基己基)磷酸酯(D2EHPA)为载体,以铬离子的电镀废水为研究对象,考察了反萃取剂种类和浓度、跨膜压差、体积流量、组件装填率等参数对萃取率的影响。当盐酸浓度为1.0M,跨膜压差为0.053MPa,原料液体积流量为4.0L/h,反萃取液体积流量为3.0L/h时,连续运行5小时,铬离子的萃取率可以达到96%以上。通过对该过程稳定性的研究,发现有机相能够稳定保持在支撑膜孔中,且铬离子萃取率基本不变。
最后,在HFSLM-SD萃取电镀废水过程操作条件优化、稳定性的研究的基础上,分析HFSLM-SD萃取电镀废水传质过程。
As well knowen as the“beautician”,Plating is the use of chemical method to plating varieties metals on the surface of metals or other materials.But during the plating process,it will produces many kinds of electroplating wastewater to make plating industry become one of the three plution industries. Plating wastewater has the characteristics of difficulty degradation, highly toxic and so on.Now, although these traditional treatments had mature application,they had many limitations, such as high cost, source waste, second polution.In this article,two extraction methods were applied in the treatment of electroplating wastewater inclouded Cr6+.
Firstly,this study applies Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate and tributyl phosphate as the extract, kerosene and trichoromethne as the diluent. Traditionl complex extraction was used to treat the extroplating wastewater. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate,kerosene were selected as the extractant,diluent.And the optimum composition of the extraction solvent mixture was 70vol% Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate +30vol% kerosene.Many influencing factors were investigated in detail,including extractant concentraction,operating time,extract ratio and operating temperature and so on to get suitable optimum composition.And by changing the value of pH to recycle the membrane organic.Last, at 298K,0.2MHCL as the stripping is the optimum condition
Secondly, hollow finber supported liquid membrane with stripping dispersion (HFSLM-SD) was introduced to treat electroplating wastewater to decrease extraction solvent mixture loss.And combine extract and stripping process into one step.Polypropylene (PP) as the membrane material,D2EHPA as the carrier,kerosene as the diluent. The effects of stripping concentration、pressure、feed and stripping volume flows、packing ratio on the performance of HFSLM-SD have been investigated. In the condition of HCl concentration of 1.0 mol/L in strip phase, pressure of 0.053MPa, feed volume flow of 4.0L/h, stripping volume flow of 3.0L/h, the recovery of Cr6+ is up to 96%, when the operation continues 5 hours. The stability of the liquid membrane has also been evaluated. It was observed that organic phase was still maintained in the support membrane pore, and the recovery of Cr6+ was stable.
Lastly,based on the optimization of operating conditions and the stability studies of HFSLM-SD extractioon of electroplating wastewater,analyses the electroplating wastewater extraction process.
首先,本文分别采用磷酸三丁酯(TBP)、二(2-乙基己基)磷酸酯(D2EHPA)为载体,煤油、氯仿为稀释剂,通过对含铬电镀废水进行络合萃取技术处理研究,选择合适的萃取体系,最终确定萃取体系为70% D2EHPA+30%煤油,并研究载体的浓度、萃取时间、萃取比例、萃取温度等因素对萃取率的影响,并采用pH值摆动效应对负载有金属离子的有机相进行了反萃研究,以获得最佳操作条件。最后发现在常温(298K)下,平衡萃取时间为30min,对铬离子的萃取率几乎达到90%,采用反萃剂为0.2M盐酸进行反萃几乎达到100%的反萃。
其次,在络合萃取法确定萃取体系和优化条件的基础上,采用反萃预分散式中空纤维支撑液膜技术(HFSLM-SD)处理电镀废水以降低有机溶剂的损失,并使萃取和反萃取过程实现同步、连续化操作。以常用的聚丙烯(PP)中空纤维膜为膜材料,二(2-乙基己基)磷酸酯(D2EHPA)为载体,以铬离子的电镀废水为研究对象,考察了反萃取剂种类和浓度、跨膜压差、体积流量、组件装填率等参数对萃取率的影响。当盐酸浓度为1.0M,跨膜压差为0.053MPa,原料液体积流量为4.0L/h,反萃取液体积流量为3.0L/h时,连续运行5小时,铬离子的萃取率可以达到96%以上。通过对该过程稳定性的研究,发现有机相能够稳定保持在支撑膜孔中,且铬离子萃取率基本不变。
最后,在HFSLM-SD萃取电镀废水过程操作条件优化、稳定性的研究的基础上,分析HFSLM-SD萃取电镀废水传质过程。
As well knowen as the“beautician”,Plating is the use of chemical method to plating varieties metals on the surface of metals or other materials.But during the plating process,it will produces many kinds of electroplating wastewater to make plating industry become one of the three plution industries. Plating wastewater has the characteristics of difficulty degradation, highly toxic and so on.Now, although these traditional treatments had mature application,they had many limitations, such as high cost, source waste, second polution.In this article,two extraction methods were applied in the treatment of electroplating wastewater inclouded Cr6+.
Firstly,this study applies Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate and tributyl phosphate as the extract, kerosene and trichoromethne as the diluent. Traditionl complex extraction was used to treat the extroplating wastewater. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate,kerosene were selected as the extractant,diluent.And the optimum composition of the extraction solvent mixture was 70vol% Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate +30vol% kerosene.Many influencing factors were investigated in detail,including extractant concentraction,operating time,extract ratio and operating temperature and so on to get suitable optimum composition.And by changing the value of pH to recycle the membrane organic.Last, at 298K,0.2MHCL as the stripping is the optimum condition
Secondly, hollow finber supported liquid membrane with stripping dispersion (HFSLM-SD) was introduced to treat electroplating wastewater to decrease extraction solvent mixture loss.And combine extract and stripping process into one step.Polypropylene (PP) as the membrane material,D2EHPA as the carrier,kerosene as the diluent. The effects of stripping concentration、pressure、feed and stripping volume flows、packing ratio on the performance of HFSLM-SD have been investigated. In the condition of HCl concentration of 1.0 mol/L in strip phase, pressure of 0.053MPa, feed volume flow of 4.0L/h, stripping volume flow of 3.0L/h, the recovery of Cr6+ is up to 96%, when the operation continues 5 hours. The stability of the liquid membrane has also been evaluated. It was observed that organic phase was still maintained in the support membrane pore, and the recovery of Cr6+ was stable.
Lastly,based on the optimization of operating conditions and the stability studies of HFSLM-SD extractioon of electroplating wastewater,analyses the electroplating wastewater extraction process.
引文
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