乙烯装置裂解炉基于模型的预测控制与优化
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摘要
乙烯生产装置的产品质量和产量(收率)不仅与经济效益直接相关,还直接影响大批下游生产装置(如聚乙烯装置、聚丙烯装置、乙二醇装置等)的正常生产运行和产品质量,因而在乙烯生产过程中的质量(收率)控制中占有非常突出的地位。本文基于正交实验设计法与逐步回归法建立乙烯装置裂解炉的预测模型,进行预测控制与优化。
本文首先介绍建立裂解炉的工艺机理数学模型,再根据正交实验设计法与逐步回归法建立乙烯装置裂解炉的简化模型。利用实验数据通过非线性逐步回归方法,得到乙烯和丙烯的简化计算机控制模型。回归方程和回归系数的方差分析和统计检验表明回归效果很好,机理模型和简化模型结果相当吻合,表明简化模型精确性很高,因此可以利用该模型代替机理模型用于计算机控制。
其次,主要介绍了裂解炉有关变量的软测量、裂解深度、裂解炉出口温度、裂解炉生产能力及原料量与稀释蒸汽比值控制,从而提高乙烯收率。
最后,在对乙烯装置裂解炉先进控制的基础上进一步对裂解炉进行优化操作,以期裂解炉在一个运行周期内乙烯产品的平均产量最大。本章在约束条件基础上建立优化命题,应用网络实时快速训练方法和算法,精确地描述出工业裂解过程的操作特性,采用改进行模拟退火优化算法对系统进行优化。
The product quantity and quality of etibylene production device not only is directly related with economic benefits but also influences the normal production movement and production quality of large downstreem production device (such as polyethylene device,polypropylene device,glycol device),as a result it accuplies a outstanding position in the quality (yield)control of enthylene production process. This text estabishes the pridict model of ethylene device cracking furnace according to orthogonal design method and stepwise regression method to predict control and optimization.
Firstly, this text introduces mathematics model of the craft mechanism of the estabishment cracking furnace and then estabishes ethylene device cracking furnace's simplified model according to orthogonal design method and stepwise regression method.The experiment deta is made use by the method of nonlinear regression method to get the simplified computer controlling model of ethlene and propylene.The analysis of variance and stastistics test of regression equation and regression coefifcient suggests the regression results is good ,the results of mechanism model and simplified model are very similiar and the exact rate of simplified model is very high,as a result this model can be made use to replace mechanism model which is used for computer control.
Secondly,this test mainly introduces the soft measurement of the cracking furnace which has something with variables of cracking depth,the outlet temperature of cracking furnance,the production ability of cracking furnance and the raw materials ,and the steam dilution ratio control,in order to improve the yield of ethylene.
In the end ,the cracking furnace gets optimal operated further on the basis of advanced control the ethylene device cracking furnace,in order to get the greatest average yield.This chaper establishes optimal proposition on the basis of constant conditions,applied network for fast training methods and algorithms ,decribes the operating characteristic idustrial pyrolysis process exactly and uses the optimal algorithms of simulated annealing for optimizing system.
本文首先介绍建立裂解炉的工艺机理数学模型,再根据正交实验设计法与逐步回归法建立乙烯装置裂解炉的简化模型。利用实验数据通过非线性逐步回归方法,得到乙烯和丙烯的简化计算机控制模型。回归方程和回归系数的方差分析和统计检验表明回归效果很好,机理模型和简化模型结果相当吻合,表明简化模型精确性很高,因此可以利用该模型代替机理模型用于计算机控制。
其次,主要介绍了裂解炉有关变量的软测量、裂解深度、裂解炉出口温度、裂解炉生产能力及原料量与稀释蒸汽比值控制,从而提高乙烯收率。
最后,在对乙烯装置裂解炉先进控制的基础上进一步对裂解炉进行优化操作,以期裂解炉在一个运行周期内乙烯产品的平均产量最大。本章在约束条件基础上建立优化命题,应用网络实时快速训练方法和算法,精确地描述出工业裂解过程的操作特性,采用改进行模拟退火优化算法对系统进行优化。
The product quantity and quality of etibylene production device not only is directly related with economic benefits but also influences the normal production movement and production quality of large downstreem production device (such as polyethylene device,polypropylene device,glycol device),as a result it accuplies a outstanding position in the quality (yield)control of enthylene production process. This text estabishes the pridict model of ethylene device cracking furnace according to orthogonal design method and stepwise regression method to predict control and optimization.
Firstly, this text introduces mathematics model of the craft mechanism of the estabishment cracking furnace and then estabishes ethylene device cracking furnace's simplified model according to orthogonal design method and stepwise regression method.The experiment deta is made use by the method of nonlinear regression method to get the simplified computer controlling model of ethlene and propylene.The analysis of variance and stastistics test of regression equation and regression coefifcient suggests the regression results is good ,the results of mechanism model and simplified model are very similiar and the exact rate of simplified model is very high,as a result this model can be made use to replace mechanism model which is used for computer control.
Secondly,this test mainly introduces the soft measurement of the cracking furnace which has something with variables of cracking depth,the outlet temperature of cracking furnance,the production ability of cracking furnance and the raw materials ,and the steam dilution ratio control,in order to improve the yield of ethylene.
In the end ,the cracking furnace gets optimal operated further on the basis of advanced control the ethylene device cracking furnace,in order to get the greatest average yield.This chaper establishes optimal proposition on the basis of constant conditions,applied network for fast training methods and algorithms ,decribes the operating characteristic idustrial pyrolysis process exactly and uses the optimal algorithms of simulated annealing for optimizing system.
引文
[1]解冬梅,钱峰,俞金寿.STR-Ⅲ型裂解炉中石脑油裂解的工艺数学模型Ⅰ.[J].石油化工.1993,22(12):813-820.
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[3]陆德民,张振基,黄步余.石油化工自动控制设计手册(第三版).北京:化学工业出版社,20001 664-694
[4]黄步余.分散型控制系统在工业过程中的应用.北京:中国石化出版社,1994
[5]王松汉,何细藕.乙烯工艺与技术.北京:中国石化出版社,2000.193,198-268
[6]陆德民,张振基,黄步余,石油化工自动控制设计手册.北京化学工业出版社,2000.338-340
[7]CENTUM CS3000 System Manual[Z].日本横河机电株式会社出版,1999.
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[22]宋芙蓉.乙烯裂解装置结焦抑制技术新进展[J].石油化工,2001,30(6):475-478.
[23]许敏.乙烯装置裂解炉管焦炭燃烧特性的研究[J].燃料化学学报,2001,29(5):474- 476.
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[25]封瑞江.γ射线透射技术在炉管测焦方面的应用[J].化工学报,2001,52(3):270-272.
[26]江林.乙烯裂解炉结焦抑制技术进展[J].当代石油石化,2003,11(3):35-38.
[27]彭琳.减轻裂解炉管结焦的新技术[J].国外石油化工快报,2002,32(9):13-18.
[28]Wyslerski A G.烯烃厂的结焦控制[J].乙烯工业,2001,13(3):60-65.
[29]Kurlekar A.增强炉管抗碳化和生焦的能力[J].石化译文,2001,(2):58-60.
[30]时维振.IE催化剂抑制结焦性能研究[J].石油化工高等学校学报,2002,15(1):31-34.
[31]张利军.裂解炉管结焦抑制剂开发及应用[J].工业技术,2003,15(1):54-57.
[32]崔德春.蒸汽裂解新型YHCS硫化剂抑制裂解结焦的研究[J].乙烯工业,2001,13(2):8-13.
[33]肖克.裂解炉清焦过程自动控制软件的研究与实施[J].自动化仪表,2002,23(9):10-13.
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[35]胡春.化工过程先进控制技术应用研究[D].上海:华东理工大学,2005.
[36]杨友麒.乙烯工厂的模拟.先进控制及实时优化[J].石油化工,1999,28:788-793.
[37]刘漫丹,杜文莉,钱锋.裂解炉燃料气热值的模糊神经网络软测量
[38]计算机集成制造系——CIMS,2003,9(5):412-416.
[39]沈清,汤霖.模式识别导论[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1991
[40]孟繁荣 石油化工装置过程控制设计手册.北京:中国石化出版社,1995
[41]蒋尉孙,俞金寿,过程控制工程,北京:中国石化出版社,1999
[42]周春晖主编,过程控制工程手册,北京:化学工业出版社,1991
[43]李作政主编,乙烯生产与管理,北京:中国石化出版社,1992
[44]钱锋,俞金寿,石脑油裂解炉的数学模拟及模型简化,工业过程模型化及控制,上海:上海交通大学出版社,1994,195-202
[45]唐月娥,钱锋,俞金寿,工业裂解炉的管外壁最高温度的推理估计,浙江大学学报,1998,32(2):459-464
[46]俞金寿,刘爱伦,张克进,软测量技术及其在石油化工中的应用,北京:化学工业出版社,2000
[47]俞金寿主编,传热设备的自动调节,北京:化学工业出版社,1981
[48]刘兴高主编,精馏过程的建模、优化与控制,北京:科学出版社,2006
[49]宫淑贞,王东青,徐世许.可编程控制器原理及应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,2002.7
[50]杨纶标.高英仪,模糊数学原理及应用[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,2001
[51]孙增圻.智能控制理论与技术[M],北京:清华大学出版社.2003
[52]蒙建波.模式识别理论基础、人工智能专家系统[M]:北京:机械工业出版社,1997.10
[53]张乃尧等.神经网络与模糊控制[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1998.10。
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[2]解冬梅,钱峰,俞金寿.STR-Ⅲ型裂解炉中石脑油裂解的工艺数学模型Ⅱ[J].石油化工.1994,23(2)96-99.
[3]陆德民,张振基,黄步余.石油化工自动控制设计手册(第三版).北京:化学工业出版社,20001 664-694
[4]黄步余.分散型控制系统在工业过程中的应用.北京:中国石化出版社,1994
[5]王松汉,何细藕.乙烯工艺与技术.北京:中国石化出版社,2000.193,198-268
[6]陆德民,张振基,黄步余,石油化工自动控制设计手册.北京化学工业出版社,2000.338-340
[7]CENTUM CS3000 System Manual[Z].日本横河机电株式会社出版,1999.
[8](美)雷(Rod,W.H)著.邵惠鹤,俞金寿译.高级过程控制[M].北京:烃加工出版社,1987.
[9]裂解炉操作手册[Z].辽宁石化公司出版社,2000.
[10]匡卓贤,郭林,高峰.裂解炉先进控制系统在乙烯生产过程中的应用.基础自动化,1996,3(5):48-50
[11]荣莉,柴天佑,马庆云.基于Elman型回归神经网络的空燃配比优化控制.信息与控制,2000,29(2):173-176
[12]陈晓东,马广富,王子才.改进的Elman网络与机理模型的互补建模方法.系统仿真学报.1999,11(2):97-100
[13]Pham D T1 Training Elman and Jordan networks for system i2dentification using genetic algorit hms.Artificial Intelligence inEngineering,1999,(13):107-117
[14]马小瑛,杨崇侯.先进控制技术在乙烯生产中的设计考虑.石油化工自动化,2000,(2):27-30
[15]汪永生,邵惠鹤.通用软测量包的开发与应用.化工自动化及仪表,2000,27(2):34-36
[16]曾繁泰.PCI总线与多媒体计算机[M].电子工业出版社,1998.
[17]PCI Specification[M].2.1 Rev.1995.
[18]邬宽明.CAN总线原理和应用系统设计[M].航空航天大学出版社,1996.
[19]孙涵芳.Intel 16位单片机[M].航空航天大学出版社,1996.
[20]PLX9052 Data Book[M].2.0 Ver.2001.
[21]谢飞.乙烯裂解炉管的渗碳与抗渗碳[J].材料导报,2002,16(8):24-26.
[22]宋芙蓉.乙烯裂解装置结焦抑制技术新进展[J].石油化工,2001,30(6):475-478.
[23]许敏.乙烯装置裂解炉管焦炭燃烧特性的研究[J].燃料化学学报,2001,29(5):474- 476.
[24]虞伟钧.乙烯裂解炉管壁结焦物分析[J].电子显微学报,2001,20(4):358-359.
[25]封瑞江.γ射线透射技术在炉管测焦方面的应用[J].化工学报,2001,52(3):270-272.
[26]江林.乙烯裂解炉结焦抑制技术进展[J].当代石油石化,2003,11(3):35-38.
[27]彭琳.减轻裂解炉管结焦的新技术[J].国外石油化工快报,2002,32(9):13-18.
[28]Wyslerski A G.烯烃厂的结焦控制[J].乙烯工业,2001,13(3):60-65.
[29]Kurlekar A.增强炉管抗碳化和生焦的能力[J].石化译文,2001,(2):58-60.
[30]时维振.IE催化剂抑制结焦性能研究[J].石油化工高等学校学报,2002,15(1):31-34.
[31]张利军.裂解炉管结焦抑制剂开发及应用[J].工业技术,2003,15(1):54-57.
[32]崔德春.蒸汽裂解新型YHCS硫化剂抑制裂解结焦的研究[J].乙烯工业,2001,13(2):8-13.
[33]肖克.裂解炉清焦过程自动控制软件的研究与实施[J].自动化仪表,2002,23(9):10-13.
[34]Weidlich U,Gmehling J A modified UNIFIC model 1.Prediction ofVLE,hE,γ∞[J].Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research,1987,26:1372-1381.
[35]胡春.化工过程先进控制技术应用研究[D].上海:华东理工大学,2005.
[36]杨友麒.乙烯工厂的模拟.先进控制及实时优化[J].石油化工,1999,28:788-793.
[37]刘漫丹,杜文莉,钱锋.裂解炉燃料气热值的模糊神经网络软测量
[38]计算机集成制造系——CIMS,2003,9(5):412-416.
[39]沈清,汤霖.模式识别导论[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1991
[40]孟繁荣 石油化工装置过程控制设计手册.北京:中国石化出版社,1995
[41]蒋尉孙,俞金寿,过程控制工程,北京:中国石化出版社,1999
[42]周春晖主编,过程控制工程手册,北京:化学工业出版社,1991
[43]李作政主编,乙烯生产与管理,北京:中国石化出版社,1992
[44]钱锋,俞金寿,石脑油裂解炉的数学模拟及模型简化,工业过程模型化及控制,上海:上海交通大学出版社,1994,195-202
[45]唐月娥,钱锋,俞金寿,工业裂解炉的管外壁最高温度的推理估计,浙江大学学报,1998,32(2):459-464
[46]俞金寿,刘爱伦,张克进,软测量技术及其在石油化工中的应用,北京:化学工业出版社,2000
[47]俞金寿主编,传热设备的自动调节,北京:化学工业出版社,1981
[48]刘兴高主编,精馏过程的建模、优化与控制,北京:科学出版社,2006
[49]宫淑贞,王东青,徐世许.可编程控制器原理及应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,2002.7
[50]杨纶标.高英仪,模糊数学原理及应用[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,2001
[51]孙增圻.智能控制理论与技术[M],北京:清华大学出版社.2003
[52]蒙建波.模式识别理论基础、人工智能专家系统[M]:北京:机械工业出版社,1997.10
[53]张乃尧等.神经网络与模糊控制[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1998.10。
[54]Martin Glor;Ignition hazarddue to static electricity in particulate processes [M];Powder Technology;2003年
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