英汉习语理解模式及使用策略研究
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摘要
本研究以认知语言学原理为理论框架,心理语言学实验方法为研究方法,对英汉习语的理解过程进行全面系统的实证研究,并拟构出适合英汉习语理解加工的模式。
为了了解英汉习语理解加工过程,本研究首先进行了影响英汉习语理解的因素评定。在英语习语理解因素的评定中,以英语为母语的习语评定为基础,选择192个英语习语让学习者进行了英语习语的熟悉度、语义透明度、字面义程度、可分解性以及习语的预测度的评定,这在国内的习语研究中还没有如此全面,系统的进行过影响习语理解的因素分析。数据结果运用SPSS13.0统计方法,进行相关分析,本研究的评定结果与母语为英语的评定结果一致,说明母语为英语的习语理解模式也同样适用于二语为英语的习语的理解。同时,字面义与其他因素的相关分析呈显著相关。
除了上述5个因素的评定以外,还考察了英语习语的语义透明度与语境效应的影响,将本研究的英语习语的语义透明度评定值与一语习语的习语语义透明度值进行对比,结果表明,一语习语理解模式部分也适用于二语习语理解。语境效应的测试结果发现,有语境的习语理解正确率高于无语境的习语理解正确率。
其次,由于汉语习语包括了谚语、俗语等涉及范围广泛的内容,为便于对比研究,本研究只对汉语成语进行考察。对于汉语成语的理解影响因素,进行了三个因素的评定,它们分别是成语的熟悉度,字面义程度和语义透明度的相关过程研究,结果也是字面义与其他两项的评定呈显著相关。进而说明字面义在成语的理解过程起着至关重要的作用,也正因为这一相同点,成为英汉习语的理解过程进行对比研究的依据。
在进行英汉习语理解对比研究的过程中,由于两种不同语言的对比,采取了不同的研究方法,汉语成语的在线理解过程采用的是有声思维方式进行的,结果表明,成语的熟悉度等因素、字面突显义、隐喻机制和语义蕴涵关系在汉语成语理解过程中起着至关重要的作用。
英语习语的理解过程运用了心理语言学中跨模式通道的实验方式,通过反应时来了解学习者对习语理解的过程。结果表明,习语的可分解性、字面突显义和隐喻机制在习语的在线理解加工过程中起着关键的作用。
通过对英汉习语的理解过程的对比研究,了解到英汉习语理解的相似性和差异性,由此提出了适用于英汉习语理解的普适性模式,即英汉习语理解模型,以这一模型为整体框架,衍生出适合英汉习语理解的模式。
为了进一步证明英语习语理解过程的正确性,还要求学习者进行了习语理解过程中所使用策略的评定,根据数据结果表明,学习者通过字面突显义、运用认知策略等方式猜测习语的真正意思,再次验证了习语理解模式的可行性。
In this study, the theoretical framework is based on the theory of cognitive linguistics and the study method is based on a psycholinguistic experimental method, English and Chinese idioms' comprehension process is conducted in a comprehensive systematic empirical research way and is intended to be constituted for idioms comprehension model.
In order to understand the idiom comprehension process, this study firstly the influence of English and Chinese idioms comprehension evaluation.In English idiom comprehension factors assessment, based on native English idioms,192 English idioms were chosen for learners to evaluate English idiom familiarity, semantic transparency, literality rating,decomposability and idioms predictability. This ratings is more comprehensive, systematic analysis of the factors influencing idiom comprehension than before.SPSS statistic method was used to analyze the data, carried on the correlation analysis, the study of evaluation result and native English evaluation results are consistent, that native speakers of English idioms understanding model is also applicable to the English idiom comprehension for second language learners. At the same time the literality ratings and other factors correlation analysis showed a significant correlation.
In addition to the five factors ratings mentioned above, English idioms semantic transparency and context effects are also examined. The results this study's semantic transparency evaluation and native English idiom semantic transparency were compared. The results show that the native English idiom comprehension model is also applicable to the second language idiom comprehension. Contextual effect test results found that idiom comprehension in context is better than that without context.
Secondly, because Chinese idioms include proverbs, sayings etc.which cover with a large variety of items, in order to conduct the comparative research,Chinese four-letter idioms are examined.The three influencing factors of the Chinese idiom comprehension—the idiom familiarity, literality and semantic transparency are evaluated in the process of research. The results showed that the literal meaning was significantly related to the other two factors. And then it indicates that the literal meaning in the idiom comprehension plays a vital role, and because of this, English and Chinese idiom comprehension processes can be compared with.
Different research methods were adopted due to two different language idioms comprehension research process. "Think—aloud" was used in the comprehension of Chinese idioms on line. The results show that the idiom familiarity and other factors, literal salient meaning, metaphorical mechanism and the semantic implication plays an indispensable role in Chinese idiom comprehension process. Cross modeling method in psychological linguistics was adopted in English idioms comprehension process through the reaction time.The results show that idioms decomposability, literal salient meaning and metaphorical mechanism plays a key role in the idioms online comprehension process.
Based on comparative study of English and Chinese idioms comprehension processes, and due to the similarities and differences of this English and Chinese idioms comprehension, a general idioms understanding pattern is proposed namely English-Chinese idiom comprehension model. In this overall framework, English-Chinese idiom comprehension model is derived from the framework respectively.
In order to further prove the correctness of English idioms understanding process, learners were asked to evaluate their application of strategies during the idiom comprehension. According to the data,the results indicate that the learners can understand the figurative meaning of the idioms by literal salient meaning and the use of cognitive strategies and so on, it turns out to prove the feasibility of the idiom comprehension mode.
为了了解英汉习语理解加工过程,本研究首先进行了影响英汉习语理解的因素评定。在英语习语理解因素的评定中,以英语为母语的习语评定为基础,选择192个英语习语让学习者进行了英语习语的熟悉度、语义透明度、字面义程度、可分解性以及习语的预测度的评定,这在国内的习语研究中还没有如此全面,系统的进行过影响习语理解的因素分析。数据结果运用SPSS13.0统计方法,进行相关分析,本研究的评定结果与母语为英语的评定结果一致,说明母语为英语的习语理解模式也同样适用于二语为英语的习语的理解。同时,字面义与其他因素的相关分析呈显著相关。
除了上述5个因素的评定以外,还考察了英语习语的语义透明度与语境效应的影响,将本研究的英语习语的语义透明度评定值与一语习语的习语语义透明度值进行对比,结果表明,一语习语理解模式部分也适用于二语习语理解。语境效应的测试结果发现,有语境的习语理解正确率高于无语境的习语理解正确率。
其次,由于汉语习语包括了谚语、俗语等涉及范围广泛的内容,为便于对比研究,本研究只对汉语成语进行考察。对于汉语成语的理解影响因素,进行了三个因素的评定,它们分别是成语的熟悉度,字面义程度和语义透明度的相关过程研究,结果也是字面义与其他两项的评定呈显著相关。进而说明字面义在成语的理解过程起着至关重要的作用,也正因为这一相同点,成为英汉习语的理解过程进行对比研究的依据。
在进行英汉习语理解对比研究的过程中,由于两种不同语言的对比,采取了不同的研究方法,汉语成语的在线理解过程采用的是有声思维方式进行的,结果表明,成语的熟悉度等因素、字面突显义、隐喻机制和语义蕴涵关系在汉语成语理解过程中起着至关重要的作用。
英语习语的理解过程运用了心理语言学中跨模式通道的实验方式,通过反应时来了解学习者对习语理解的过程。结果表明,习语的可分解性、字面突显义和隐喻机制在习语的在线理解加工过程中起着关键的作用。
通过对英汉习语的理解过程的对比研究,了解到英汉习语理解的相似性和差异性,由此提出了适用于英汉习语理解的普适性模式,即英汉习语理解模型,以这一模型为整体框架,衍生出适合英汉习语理解的模式。
为了进一步证明英语习语理解过程的正确性,还要求学习者进行了习语理解过程中所使用策略的评定,根据数据结果表明,学习者通过字面突显义、运用认知策略等方式猜测习语的真正意思,再次验证了习语理解模式的可行性。
In this study, the theoretical framework is based on the theory of cognitive linguistics and the study method is based on a psycholinguistic experimental method, English and Chinese idioms' comprehension process is conducted in a comprehensive systematic empirical research way and is intended to be constituted for idioms comprehension model.
In order to understand the idiom comprehension process, this study firstly the influence of English and Chinese idioms comprehension evaluation.In English idiom comprehension factors assessment, based on native English idioms,192 English idioms were chosen for learners to evaluate English idiom familiarity, semantic transparency, literality rating,decomposability and idioms predictability. This ratings is more comprehensive, systematic analysis of the factors influencing idiom comprehension than before.SPSS statistic method was used to analyze the data, carried on the correlation analysis, the study of evaluation result and native English evaluation results are consistent, that native speakers of English idioms understanding model is also applicable to the English idiom comprehension for second language learners. At the same time the literality ratings and other factors correlation analysis showed a significant correlation.
In addition to the five factors ratings mentioned above, English idioms semantic transparency and context effects are also examined. The results this study's semantic transparency evaluation and native English idiom semantic transparency were compared. The results show that the native English idiom comprehension model is also applicable to the second language idiom comprehension. Contextual effect test results found that idiom comprehension in context is better than that without context.
Secondly, because Chinese idioms include proverbs, sayings etc.which cover with a large variety of items, in order to conduct the comparative research,Chinese four-letter idioms are examined.The three influencing factors of the Chinese idiom comprehension—the idiom familiarity, literality and semantic transparency are evaluated in the process of research. The results showed that the literal meaning was significantly related to the other two factors. And then it indicates that the literal meaning in the idiom comprehension plays a vital role, and because of this, English and Chinese idiom comprehension processes can be compared with.
Different research methods were adopted due to two different language idioms comprehension research process. "Think—aloud" was used in the comprehension of Chinese idioms on line. The results show that the idiom familiarity and other factors, literal salient meaning, metaphorical mechanism and the semantic implication plays an indispensable role in Chinese idiom comprehension process. Cross modeling method in psychological linguistics was adopted in English idioms comprehension process through the reaction time.The results show that idioms decomposability, literal salient meaning and metaphorical mechanism plays a key role in the idioms online comprehension process.
Based on comparative study of English and Chinese idioms comprehension processes, and due to the similarities and differences of this English and Chinese idioms comprehension, a general idioms understanding pattern is proposed namely English-Chinese idiom comprehension model. In this overall framework, English-Chinese idiom comprehension model is derived from the framework respectively.
In order to further prove the correctness of English idioms understanding process, learners were asked to evaluate their application of strategies during the idiom comprehension. According to the data,the results indicate that the learners can understand the figurative meaning of the idioms by literal salient meaning and the use of cognitive strategies and so on, it turns out to prove the feasibility of the idiom comprehension mode.
引文
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