石油化工污泥处理技术研究
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摘要
污泥的处理处置是污水处理厂不可缺少的一部分,其目的是减量化、稳定化、无害化和资源化,以保证污水处理厂的正常运行和处理效果,防止二次污染。石化行业污水处理构筑物排出的污泥含水率高、乳化充分且难以自然沉降,如不加以处理而直接排放,不仅会造成环境的严重污染,而且对污泥中所含的油类物质也是一种浪费。
本论文通过对石油化工行业“三泥”的组成和性质的进行分析,并结合国内外石化行业污泥处理处置和我国石化行业“三泥”特点,采用化学调节法对改善污泥脱水性能进行了较系统的试验研究。
试验对选用的污泥分别进行化学调理,在定压条件下测定其比阻值,并以比阻值为评价指标,选择对改善污泥脱水性能较为显著的调理剂为最佳调理剂。在此基础上,进一步确定最佳投加量及其操作条件。试验结果表明:最佳调理药剂为阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺,最佳过滤压力为0.04-0.06MPa,最佳pH值范围为6-8,最佳搅拌强度在99.4S-1～22.6S-1和198.1S-1～35.5S-1之间。对于剩余活性污泥,调理剂投加量为40g/t干泥,对于浮渣调理剂的最佳投加量为50-70g/t干泥,而对于混合污泥调理剂的最佳投加量为50g/t干泥。依据对污泥性质与污泥比阻r值的分析,本研究建议对油泥进行回收利用,对浮渣和剩余活性污泥进行混合处理。
通过污泥脱水现场试验,验证混合污泥的脱水性能。结果表明,采用卧螺式离心机后,在控制离心机转速为3000rpm、扭矩1.00、加药量为0.5m3/h、差数为4.5的条件下,混合污泥经离心机脱水后,泥饼含水率主要集中在40%-50%之间。选用卧螺式离心机对混合污泥有较好的处理效果。
Sludge treatment and disposal is an indispensable part for the sewage treatment plants. The aim is minimization, stability, innocuity and resources. It can ensure the normal operation and the treatment effect, and can prenvent secondary pollution.The sludge which expelled from the petrochemical industry sewage structures, is diffcult to sedimentation by nature, because of high water content and fully emulisified. If discharged directly without treatment, not only will cause environmental pollution, but also is an wastement for the crude oil in the sludge.
Through analysis the composition and the nature of petrochemical industry "three mud", and combination with the sludge treatment and disposal of domestic and foreign petrochemical industry, and consideration the feature of China's petrochemical industry, this paper studied how to improve the dehydration performance of the sludge systematically by chemical adjustment.
In the experiment, chenmical conditioning were conducted for the selective sludge. At the same time, the resistance was measured under the condition of constant pressure, and used the resistance as the evaluation, and select the conditioner which can improve the dehydrated of sludge obviously as the best conditioner. On this basis, the optinal dosage and the operating conditions has been determined. The experiment results showed that PAM+ is the best conditioner, and the best filter is 0.04-0.06MPa; the best pH is range of 6-8, and the best mixing strengthen is between 99.4S-1～22.6S-1 and 198.1S-1～35.5S-1. For the remaining activated sludge, the best dosage of conditioner is 40g/t dry soil, and for the drosses, the best dosage is 50-70g/t dry soil. After the sludge and drosses mixed with different proportion, the best dosage is 50g/t dry soil. Accordance with the character and the resistance of sludge, this study suggests that the oil sludge can be recycling, and the drosses and the remaining mix activated sludge can be treated after mixed.
Through the sludge dewatering field test to verify the dehydrated sludge mixed performance, the results showed that used the horizontal screw-type centrifuge, control the speed of centrifuges for 3000 rpm, torque 1.00, dosage 0.5m3/h and the difference was 4.5, after the mixed sludge dewatering, the moisture content of the mud cakes mainly concentrated between 40% and 50%. Selection the horizontal screw-type centrifuge had a better treatment effect for the mixed sludge.
本论文通过对石油化工行业“三泥”的组成和性质的进行分析,并结合国内外石化行业污泥处理处置和我国石化行业“三泥”特点,采用化学调节法对改善污泥脱水性能进行了较系统的试验研究。
试验对选用的污泥分别进行化学调理,在定压条件下测定其比阻值,并以比阻值为评价指标,选择对改善污泥脱水性能较为显著的调理剂为最佳调理剂。在此基础上,进一步确定最佳投加量及其操作条件。试验结果表明:最佳调理药剂为阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺,最佳过滤压力为0.04-0.06MPa,最佳pH值范围为6-8,最佳搅拌强度在99.4S-1～22.6S-1和198.1S-1～35.5S-1之间。对于剩余活性污泥,调理剂投加量为40g/t干泥,对于浮渣调理剂的最佳投加量为50-70g/t干泥,而对于混合污泥调理剂的最佳投加量为50g/t干泥。依据对污泥性质与污泥比阻r值的分析,本研究建议对油泥进行回收利用,对浮渣和剩余活性污泥进行混合处理。
通过污泥脱水现场试验,验证混合污泥的脱水性能。结果表明,采用卧螺式离心机后,在控制离心机转速为3000rpm、扭矩1.00、加药量为0.5m3/h、差数为4.5的条件下,混合污泥经离心机脱水后,泥饼含水率主要集中在40%-50%之间。选用卧螺式离心机对混合污泥有较好的处理效果。
Sludge treatment and disposal is an indispensable part for the sewage treatment plants. The aim is minimization, stability, innocuity and resources. It can ensure the normal operation and the treatment effect, and can prenvent secondary pollution.The sludge which expelled from the petrochemical industry sewage structures, is diffcult to sedimentation by nature, because of high water content and fully emulisified. If discharged directly without treatment, not only will cause environmental pollution, but also is an wastement for the crude oil in the sludge.
Through analysis the composition and the nature of petrochemical industry "three mud", and combination with the sludge treatment and disposal of domestic and foreign petrochemical industry, and consideration the feature of China's petrochemical industry, this paper studied how to improve the dehydration performance of the sludge systematically by chemical adjustment.
In the experiment, chenmical conditioning were conducted for the selective sludge. At the same time, the resistance was measured under the condition of constant pressure, and used the resistance as the evaluation, and select the conditioner which can improve the dehydrated of sludge obviously as the best conditioner. On this basis, the optinal dosage and the operating conditions has been determined. The experiment results showed that PAM+ is the best conditioner, and the best filter is 0.04-0.06MPa; the best pH is range of 6-8, and the best mixing strengthen is between 99.4S-1～22.6S-1 and 198.1S-1～35.5S-1. For the remaining activated sludge, the best dosage of conditioner is 40g/t dry soil, and for the drosses, the best dosage is 50-70g/t dry soil. After the sludge and drosses mixed with different proportion, the best dosage is 50g/t dry soil. Accordance with the character and the resistance of sludge, this study suggests that the oil sludge can be recycling, and the drosses and the remaining mix activated sludge can be treated after mixed.
Through the sludge dewatering field test to verify the dehydrated sludge mixed performance, the results showed that used the horizontal screw-type centrifuge, control the speed of centrifuges for 3000 rpm, torque 1.00, dosage 0.5m3/h and the difference was 4.5, after the mixed sludge dewatering, the moisture content of the mud cakes mainly concentrated between 40% and 50%. Selection the horizontal screw-type centrifuge had a better treatment effect for the mixed sludge.
引文
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[3]苗兆静.污泥调理中调质条件对污泥脱水性能的影响[D].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2005,5-6
[4]倪丙杰,徐得潜,刘绍根.污泥性质的重要影响物质一胞外聚合物(EPS)[J].环境科学与技术,2006,29(3),108-110
[5]J.L.HoughtonJ.QuarmbyT.Stephenson,Municipal wastewater sludge dewaterability and the presence of microbial extracellular polymer.Water Sci.Technol.44 (2-3) (2001) 373-379.
[6]Y.Chen,H.Yang,G.Gu,Effect of acid and surfactant treatment on activated sludge dewatering and settling, Water Res.35 (11)(2001)2615-2620
[7]陈银广,杨海真,吴桂标等.表面活性剂改进活性污泥的脱水性能及其作用机理,环境科学,2000,21(5),95-99 [8l袁园,杨海真.表面活性剂及酸处理对污泥脱水性能影响的研究,四川环境,2003,22(5).1-2.
[9]Banu Ormeci,Aame P Vesilind.Development of an improved synthetic sludge: a possible sun-ogate for studying activated sludge dewatering characteristics.Wat, Res. 2000,34(4):1069-1078.
[10]周健,罗勇,龙腾锐等.胞外聚合物、Ca2+及pH值对生物絮凝作用的影响,中国环境科学,2004,24(4),118-121.
[11]周健,龙腾锐,苗利利.胞外聚合物EPS对活性污泥沉降性能的影响研究,环境科学学报,2004, 24(4),116-119.
[12]J.T.Novak, C.D.Miner,S.N.Murthy,Floc structure and the role of cations, Water Sci.Technol.44(10) (2001) 209-213.
[13]Y.Q.Zhao.Correlations between floc physical and optimum polymer dosage in alum sludge conditioning and dewatering.Chemical Engineering Journa l92 (2003):227-235.
[14]Chrisyelle Turchiuli,Claire Fargues.Influence of structural propertics of alum and ferric flocs on sludge dewaterability.Chemical Engineering Journal 103 (2004):3289-3298.
[15]D.H.Bache,E.N.Papavasilopoulos.Dewatering of alumino-humic sludge:impacts of hydroxide.Water Research 37(2003):3289-3298.
[16]张辉,林海,刘伟岩.助凝剂强化剩余污泥脱水技术的研究.环境技术与工程,2006,6,(8):1022-1024
[17]段宏伟,王琳,施永生.各种调理剂在污泥脱水过程的应用.云南化工,2006,33(4):66-69.
[18]夏卫红,曹萍.HYC絮凝剂在生化污泥脱水应用中的研究.上海应用技术学院学报,2002,2(2)93-95.
[19]封盛,相波,邵建颖等.改性壳聚糖对处理污泥脱水性能影响的研究.工业用水与废水,2005,36(4):62-64.
[20]张跃军,顾学芳,董岳钢.阳离子絮凝剂PDA在污泥脱水中.南京理工大学学报,2003,27(5):603-609.
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