内蒙古地区奶牛粗饲料分级指数的测定及其组合效应的研究
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摘要
内蒙古是奶业发展的优势区域。但是粗饲料不足,尤其优质粗饲料的缺乏已经成为奶牛业发展的限制性因素,探索提高粗饲料利用率的方法具有非常重要的意义。本试验根据卢德勋提出的粗饲料分级指数(GI)和优化奶牛饲养设计,采用体外、体内相结合的方法,研究了内蒙古地区奶牛粗饲料分级指数(GI),将GI指数与美国粗饲料相对指数(RFV)进行比较;对奶牛常用的8种粗饲料进行搭配,研究其相互间的组合效应,通过奶牛消化试验及生产性能的检测,为反刍动物优化饲养设计及粗饲料的科学利用提供技术依据。试验共分为三部分:
试验一采集了内蒙古地区159种常用牧草及粗饲料。分析其CP、NDF、ADF、DM,用卢德勋提出的粗饲料分级指数模型估算了DMI、NE、GI、RFV。从中选取12种常见的牧草(苜蓿、披碱草、羊草等)进行单一指标和综合指标的评定及比较;使用单一指标(CP、ADF)比较结果不一致。但按RFV值和GI值对牧草进行分级时,趋势基本一致,使用GI值能明显区分养分含量差异很小的不同种类的牧草。
试验二通过体外批次培养方法,研究了奶牛粗饲料间的组合效应。结果表明,粗饲料混合使用后发生了明显的正组合效应。当用50%的青贮、羊草、沙打旺替代玉米秸时,与对照组相比产生了正组合效应。玉米秸/沙打旺组合效应值(MFAEI)为1.080,玉米秸/草木樨的MFAEI为1.199二者间组合效应值较大。当紫花苜蓿以30%的比例替代青贮、黄贮时,也产生了正组合效应,MFAEI分别为1.454、1.435。当玉米秸以50%比例替代青贮、羊草、沙打旺等时也发生了正组合效应,MFAEI次序为:草木樨/玉米秸(1.447)>沙打旺/玉米秸(1.421)>羊草/玉米秸(1.387)>黄贮/玉米秸(1.191)>青贮/玉米秸(1.187)。
试验三为选取年龄、胎次、泌乳量相近的12头荷斯坦奶牛分为2组,饲喂GI优化日粮与传统配制的日粮,观察GI优化的日粮对奶牛产奶量和乳成份的影响及奶牛全消化道消化率的影响。试验结果表明,试验前两组产奶量差异不显著(P>0.05),试验后试验组产奶量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验后对照组、试验组产奶量分别提高0.08%和12.60%,;标准乳产量分别提高0.35%、5.05%;试验组的乳脂、乳蛋白、乳中干物质率都显著高于对照组,乳糖率差异不显著。GI优化日粮组对奶牛DM、ADF、Ca全消化道表观消化率的无显著影响。试验组CP、NDF、P的表观消化率显著高于对照组。
The objective of current research was to study the effects of roughages quality and their combination effects on milk cow productivity by using GI (Grading Index) and RFV (Relative Feed Value) analyzing methods for optimizing roughages utilization in Inner Mongolia.
Through GI and RFV analyzing, 12 roughages were selected from 159 different forages and the values of CP, NDF, ADF, DM, DMI, NE, GI and RFV were detected. The results indicated that quality of roughages was different based on conventional nutrient analyzing method, but quality of roughages exhibited the consistent tendency by GI and RFV test.
Roughage combination effects was conducted through vitro incubation method, and the results showed that feeding animal with mixing forages exhibited positive effect on milk cow productivities. Comparing with control groups, experimental group of removing 50% of corn stalk by corn silage, Chinese wildrye and prairie milk vetch respectively exhibited the positive effect of animal productivities, and the same results was also seen by using corn stalk replacing corn silage, Chinese wildrye and prairie milk vetch, respectively. The sequence of MFAEI was melilot/corn stalk (1.447), prairie milk vetch/corn stalk (1.421), Chinese wildrye/corn stalk, damp-dry silage/corn stalk (1.191) and silage/corn stalk (1.187).
Milk productivities and composition and digestibility of twelve Holstein dairy cows with same body condition were measured by feeding conventional and GI ration respectively. The results indicated that milk yield, milk fat, protein and dry matter of experimental group significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of control group, but lactose content had no significant difference. Experimental groups had the significant (P<0.05) higher digestibility of CP, NDF and P with no difference in digestibility of DM, ADF and Ca comparing with control group.
试验一采集了内蒙古地区159种常用牧草及粗饲料。分析其CP、NDF、ADF、DM,用卢德勋提出的粗饲料分级指数模型估算了DMI、NE、GI、RFV。从中选取12种常见的牧草(苜蓿、披碱草、羊草等)进行单一指标和综合指标的评定及比较;使用单一指标(CP、ADF)比较结果不一致。但按RFV值和GI值对牧草进行分级时,趋势基本一致,使用GI值能明显区分养分含量差异很小的不同种类的牧草。
试验二通过体外批次培养方法,研究了奶牛粗饲料间的组合效应。结果表明,粗饲料混合使用后发生了明显的正组合效应。当用50%的青贮、羊草、沙打旺替代玉米秸时,与对照组相比产生了正组合效应。玉米秸/沙打旺组合效应值(MFAEI)为1.080,玉米秸/草木樨的MFAEI为1.199二者间组合效应值较大。当紫花苜蓿以30%的比例替代青贮、黄贮时,也产生了正组合效应,MFAEI分别为1.454、1.435。当玉米秸以50%比例替代青贮、羊草、沙打旺等时也发生了正组合效应,MFAEI次序为:草木樨/玉米秸(1.447)>沙打旺/玉米秸(1.421)>羊草/玉米秸(1.387)>黄贮/玉米秸(1.191)>青贮/玉米秸(1.187)。
试验三为选取年龄、胎次、泌乳量相近的12头荷斯坦奶牛分为2组,饲喂GI优化日粮与传统配制的日粮,观察GI优化的日粮对奶牛产奶量和乳成份的影响及奶牛全消化道消化率的影响。试验结果表明,试验前两组产奶量差异不显著(P>0.05),试验后试验组产奶量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验后对照组、试验组产奶量分别提高0.08%和12.60%,;标准乳产量分别提高0.35%、5.05%;试验组的乳脂、乳蛋白、乳中干物质率都显著高于对照组,乳糖率差异不显著。GI优化日粮组对奶牛DM、ADF、Ca全消化道表观消化率的无显著影响。试验组CP、NDF、P的表观消化率显著高于对照组。
The objective of current research was to study the effects of roughages quality and their combination effects on milk cow productivity by using GI (Grading Index) and RFV (Relative Feed Value) analyzing methods for optimizing roughages utilization in Inner Mongolia.
Through GI and RFV analyzing, 12 roughages were selected from 159 different forages and the values of CP, NDF, ADF, DM, DMI, NE, GI and RFV were detected. The results indicated that quality of roughages was different based on conventional nutrient analyzing method, but quality of roughages exhibited the consistent tendency by GI and RFV test.
Roughage combination effects was conducted through vitro incubation method, and the results showed that feeding animal with mixing forages exhibited positive effect on milk cow productivities. Comparing with control groups, experimental group of removing 50% of corn stalk by corn silage, Chinese wildrye and prairie milk vetch respectively exhibited the positive effect of animal productivities, and the same results was also seen by using corn stalk replacing corn silage, Chinese wildrye and prairie milk vetch, respectively. The sequence of MFAEI was melilot/corn stalk (1.447), prairie milk vetch/corn stalk (1.421), Chinese wildrye/corn stalk, damp-dry silage/corn stalk (1.191) and silage/corn stalk (1.187).
Milk productivities and composition and digestibility of twelve Holstein dairy cows with same body condition were measured by feeding conventional and GI ration respectively. The results indicated that milk yield, milk fat, protein and dry matter of experimental group significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of control group, but lactose content had no significant difference. Experimental groups had the significant (P<0.05) higher digestibility of CP, NDF and P with no difference in digestibility of DM, ADF and Ca comparing with control group.
引文
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