新生仔猪小肠发育及胎儿宫内发育迟缓对其的影响
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摘要
为研究胎儿宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)对新生仔猪肠道组织生长和功能成熟的影响以及IVGR仔猪在生后一周内的补偿生长，本试验利用自然选择法选择了宫内发育迟缓仔猪，比较了新生及母乳自然哺乳3天或7天后正常仔猪和IUGR仔猪间消化器官重量，小肠的重量和长度，小肠组织形态学结构，小肠粘膜DNA、RNA和蛋白质含量，及小肠粘膜中乳糖酶、麦芽糖酶、氨基肽酶和碱性磷酸酶活性。
试验从14窝三元杂交猪(长×大·米)中选择14头正常仔猪和14头IUGR仔猪，随机分成三组：初生组(D0，5头正常仔猪和5头IUGR仔猪)、母乳饲喂3天组(D3，5头正常仔猪和5头IUGR仔猪)和母乳饲喂7天组(D7，4头正常仔猪和4头IUGR仔猪)。试验一比较了正常仔猪和IUGR仔猪0～7日龄消化器官与肠道的生长。正常仔猪和IUGR仔猪0～7日龄消化器官重量、肠道重量、长度以及DNA、RNA和蛋白质的含量都快速显著增加。新生正常仔猪大部分消化器官重量显著高于IUGR仔猪，小肠长度和重量也高于IUGR仔猪，这与正常仔猪中蛋白质含量显著高(517±85mgVs382±63mg，P＜0.05)有关。IUGR仔猪小肠相对长度高于正常仔猪和单位长度重量又低于正常仔猪同时表明宫内发育迟缓仔猪小肠吸收面积明显降低。3日龄正常猪包括小肠在内的绝大部分消化器官重量明显高于IUGR猪。IUGR猪小肠相对长度的显著升高(368.48±64.56cm／kg Vs 273.13±48.40cm／kg，P＜0.05)和单位长度重量的显著降低(106.29±10.28mg／cm Vs 132.41±22.64mg／cm，P＜0.05)表明3日龄宫内发育迟缓仔猪小肠吸收面积仍小于正常仔猪。两处理间DNA、RNA和蛋白质含量没有显著差异(P＞0.05)。7日龄正常猪的体重和胰腺重仍显著高于IUGR猪(P＜0.05)，正常猪小肠粘膜RNA含量显著大于IUGR猪(112.7±25.6mg Vs 82.2±11.0mg，P＜0.05)。但观察的大部分指标在正常猪和IUGR猪间没有显著差别(P＞0.05)。
试验二比较了正常仔猪和IUGR仔猪0～7日龄肠道的组织形态学。正常仔猪和IUGR仔猪生后0～7日龄肠道组织形态学都发生明显变化，特别是肠壁厚度和绒毛高度显著增加。新生IUGR仔猪小肠的肠壁厚度、绒毛高度和隐窝深度显著低于正常仔猪。3日龄时，正常仔猪部分肠段的肠壁厚度和绒毛高度显著高于IUGR仔猪。7日龄时，正常仔猪和IUGR仔猪小肠的肠壁厚度、绒毛高度等组织形态学指标没有显著差异。
试验三比较了正常仔猪和IUGR仔猪0～7日龄肠道酶活性的发育。正常仔猪和新生仔猪生后1周内乳糖酶、麦芽糖酶、氨基肽酶和碱性磷酸酶活性都显著增加。新生正常仔猪小肠乳糖酶的总活性(106.4±18.9Units Vs 65.8±15.9Units，P＜0.01)和比活
硕兰·学位论文:新生仔猪小肠发育及胎儿宫内发育迟缓对其的影响
性(8.7士4.gUnits/mgDNA Vs 5.1土3.oUnits/mgDNA，p<0.05)都显著高于IUGR仔猪.
川GR仔猪小肠氨基肤酶的总活性和比活性都低于正常仔猪，其中总活性的差异(25.9
土5.gUnits Vs 14.0士4.IUnits，P<0 .01)达到极显著.IuGR仔猪小肠的麦芽糖酶总活性
要显著低于正常仔猪(3.4土0.SUnits Vs 2.2士0.6Units，p<0.05)，但比活性在两组间没
有显著差异，而两组间碱性磷酸酶的比活性和总活性都没有显著差异(P>0 .05).生
长至3日龄时，正常仔猪和川GR仔猪间乳糖酶、麦芽糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性没有显
著差异(P>0.05)，而氛基肤酶总活性的差异仍显著(46.0土9.2Units vs 30.9士4.IUnits，
P<0 .01).7日龄正常仔猪和IUGR仔猪乳糖酶、麦芽糖酶、氛基肤酶和碱性磷酸酶活
性均没有显著差异(P>0.05).
结果表明，正常仔猪和IUGR仔猪生后1周内肠道生长发育模式类似，肠道组织
生长和功能发育迅速.宫内发育迟缓导致新生仔猪消化器官重量和肠道长度重量的降
低，这与组织蛋白质含量降低有关.同时，宫内发育迟缓降低新生仔猪小肠肠壁厚度、
绒毛高度和隐窝深度以及小肠吸收面积，抑制了小肠乳糖酶和氨基肤酶的成熟，而麦
芽粉醉和碱性磷酸酶表现出早熟.试验结果又表明，胎儿宫内发育迟缓仔猪在生后1
周内能部分实现补偿生长，而且IUGR仔猪实现补偿生长是随着日龄增加逐步完全的.
To find out the impact of intrauterine growth retardation on the tissue growth and functional maturation in the small intestine of newborn pigs, and the catch-up growth of intrauterine growth retarded pigs during postnatal 1 week, we selected the intrauterine growth retarded piglet using natural select, and compared digestive organ weight, small intestinal tissue mass, length, tissue structure, mucosal DNA, RNA and protein contents, and mucosal lactase, maltase, aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase activities between normal piglets and piglets with IUGR at birth, or after naturally suckled with their dams for 3 days and 7 days.
In the experiment, 14 normal piglets and 14 piglets with IUGR were selected from 14 litters of Large White, Landrace and Mi crossed sows. And they were randomly assigned to three groups: Newborn group (D0, 5 NW and 5 IUGR), Group naturally suckled for 3 days(D3, 5 NW and 5 IUGR) and group naturally suckled for 7 days (D7, 4 NW and 4 IUGR). In the first experiment, the growth of the small intestine and the digestive organ were compared between normal piglets and intrauterine growth retarded piglets from newborn to 7 days age after birth. The weight of digestive organ, the weight and length of the small intestine, the mucosal contents of DNA, RNA and protein in both of normal piglets and piglets with IUGR were increased significantly from newborn to 7 days age after birth. The weight of major digestive organ, small intestinal length and weight in newborn normal piglets were larger than those in IUGR, which was related to obvious higher protein contents in normal piglets (517±85 mg Vs 382±63 mg, P<0.05). Higher
relative length and lower relative weight of small intestine in piglets with IUGR compared to those in normal piglets suggested that intrauterine growth retardation reduced the surface absorption area of small intestine. After piglets were naturally suckled with dam for 3 days, the weights of major digestive organ include small intestine in piglets with normal weight were obviously larger than those in piglets with IUGR. Higher relative length (368.48± 64.56cm/kg Vs 273.13±48.40cm/kg, P<0.05) and lower relative weight (106.29± 10.28
mg/cm Vs 132.41 ± 22.64mg/cm, P<0.05) of small intestine in IUGR piglets compared to those in normal piglets suggested that the surface absorption area of small intestine in intrauterine growth retarded piglets is still lower than that in normal piglets. The differences of mucosal DNA, RNA and protein contents between normal piglets and piglets with IUGR after naturally suckled with their dams for 3 days were all not clear (P>0.05). In postnatal y days age, the body weight and the weight of pancreas in normal piglets were still highei than those in piglets with IUGRC P<0.05) .The content of mucosal RNA of small intestine in piglets with normal weight (112.7±25.6mg Vs 82.2±11.0mg, P<0.05) was markedly higher than that in piglets with IUGR. But there were not significant difference in most of observed parameters between them.
In the second experiment, the morphology of the small intestine was compared between normal piglets and intrauterine growth retarded piglets from 0 to 7 days age. The morphology of the small intestine in both of normal piglets and piglets with IUGR were markedly changed from newborn to 7 days age after birth, especially the wall thickness and villus height were significantly increased. Small intestinal wall thickness, villus height and crypt depth in newborn intrauterine growth retarded piglets were markedly lower than those in normal piglets. In 3 days age, Small intestinal wall thickness and villus height in part intestinal regions of normal piglets were significantly higher than those in piglets with IUGR. In 7 days age. the difference of the morphology between normal piglets and piglets with IUGR were not significant.
In the third experiment, the enzyme activities in mucous membrane of small intestine were compared between normal piglets and intrauterine growth retarded piglets from 0 to 7 days age. During the pos
试验从14窝三元杂交猪(长×大·米)中选择14头正常仔猪和14头IUGR仔猪，随机分成三组：初生组(D0，5头正常仔猪和5头IUGR仔猪)、母乳饲喂3天组(D3，5头正常仔猪和5头IUGR仔猪)和母乳饲喂7天组(D7，4头正常仔猪和4头IUGR仔猪)。试验一比较了正常仔猪和IUGR仔猪0～7日龄消化器官与肠道的生长。正常仔猪和IUGR仔猪0～7日龄消化器官重量、肠道重量、长度以及DNA、RNA和蛋白质的含量都快速显著增加。新生正常仔猪大部分消化器官重量显著高于IUGR仔猪，小肠长度和重量也高于IUGR仔猪，这与正常仔猪中蛋白质含量显著高(517±85mgVs382±63mg，P＜0.05)有关。IUGR仔猪小肠相对长度高于正常仔猪和单位长度重量又低于正常仔猪同时表明宫内发育迟缓仔猪小肠吸收面积明显降低。3日龄正常猪包括小肠在内的绝大部分消化器官重量明显高于IUGR猪。IUGR猪小肠相对长度的显著升高(368.48±64.56cm／kg Vs 273.13±48.40cm／kg，P＜0.05)和单位长度重量的显著降低(106.29±10.28mg／cm Vs 132.41±22.64mg／cm，P＜0.05)表明3日龄宫内发育迟缓仔猪小肠吸收面积仍小于正常仔猪。两处理间DNA、RNA和蛋白质含量没有显著差异(P＞0.05)。7日龄正常猪的体重和胰腺重仍显著高于IUGR猪(P＜0.05)，正常猪小肠粘膜RNA含量显著大于IUGR猪(112.7±25.6mg Vs 82.2±11.0mg，P＜0.05)。但观察的大部分指标在正常猪和IUGR猪间没有显著差别(P＞0.05)。
试验二比较了正常仔猪和IUGR仔猪0～7日龄肠道的组织形态学。正常仔猪和IUGR仔猪生后0～7日龄肠道组织形态学都发生明显变化，特别是肠壁厚度和绒毛高度显著增加。新生IUGR仔猪小肠的肠壁厚度、绒毛高度和隐窝深度显著低于正常仔猪。3日龄时，正常仔猪部分肠段的肠壁厚度和绒毛高度显著高于IUGR仔猪。7日龄时，正常仔猪和IUGR仔猪小肠的肠壁厚度、绒毛高度等组织形态学指标没有显著差异。
试验三比较了正常仔猪和IUGR仔猪0～7日龄肠道酶活性的发育。正常仔猪和新生仔猪生后1周内乳糖酶、麦芽糖酶、氨基肽酶和碱性磷酸酶活性都显著增加。新生正常仔猪小肠乳糖酶的总活性(106.4±18.9Units Vs 65.8±15.9Units，P＜0.01)和比活
硕兰·学位论文:新生仔猪小肠发育及胎儿宫内发育迟缓对其的影响
性(8.7士4.gUnits/mgDNA Vs 5.1土3.oUnits/mgDNA，p<0.05)都显著高于IUGR仔猪.
川GR仔猪小肠氨基肤酶的总活性和比活性都低于正常仔猪，其中总活性的差异(25.9
土5.gUnits Vs 14.0士4.IUnits，P<0 .01)达到极显著.IuGR仔猪小肠的麦芽糖酶总活性
要显著低于正常仔猪(3.4土0.SUnits Vs 2.2士0.6Units，p<0.05)，但比活性在两组间没
有显著差异，而两组间碱性磷酸酶的比活性和总活性都没有显著差异(P>0 .05).生
长至3日龄时，正常仔猪和川GR仔猪间乳糖酶、麦芽糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性没有显
著差异(P>0.05)，而氛基肤酶总活性的差异仍显著(46.0土9.2Units vs 30.9士4.IUnits，
P<0 .01).7日龄正常仔猪和IUGR仔猪乳糖酶、麦芽糖酶、氛基肤酶和碱性磷酸酶活
性均没有显著差异(P>0.05).
结果表明，正常仔猪和IUGR仔猪生后1周内肠道生长发育模式类似，肠道组织
生长和功能发育迅速.宫内发育迟缓导致新生仔猪消化器官重量和肠道长度重量的降
低，这与组织蛋白质含量降低有关.同时，宫内发育迟缓降低新生仔猪小肠肠壁厚度、
绒毛高度和隐窝深度以及小肠吸收面积，抑制了小肠乳糖酶和氨基肤酶的成熟，而麦
芽粉醉和碱性磷酸酶表现出早熟.试验结果又表明，胎儿宫内发育迟缓仔猪在生后1
周内能部分实现补偿生长，而且IUGR仔猪实现补偿生长是随着日龄增加逐步完全的.
To find out the impact of intrauterine growth retardation on the tissue growth and functional maturation in the small intestine of newborn pigs, and the catch-up growth of intrauterine growth retarded pigs during postnatal 1 week, we selected the intrauterine growth retarded piglet using natural select, and compared digestive organ weight, small intestinal tissue mass, length, tissue structure, mucosal DNA, RNA and protein contents, and mucosal lactase, maltase, aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase activities between normal piglets and piglets with IUGR at birth, or after naturally suckled with their dams for 3 days and 7 days.
In the experiment, 14 normal piglets and 14 piglets with IUGR were selected from 14 litters of Large White, Landrace and Mi crossed sows. And they were randomly assigned to three groups: Newborn group (D0, 5 NW and 5 IUGR), Group naturally suckled for 3 days(D3, 5 NW and 5 IUGR) and group naturally suckled for 7 days (D7, 4 NW and 4 IUGR). In the first experiment, the growth of the small intestine and the digestive organ were compared between normal piglets and intrauterine growth retarded piglets from newborn to 7 days age after birth. The weight of digestive organ, the weight and length of the small intestine, the mucosal contents of DNA, RNA and protein in both of normal piglets and piglets with IUGR were increased significantly from newborn to 7 days age after birth. The weight of major digestive organ, small intestinal length and weight in newborn normal piglets were larger than those in IUGR, which was related to obvious higher protein contents in normal piglets (517±85 mg Vs 382±63 mg, P<0.05). Higher
relative length and lower relative weight of small intestine in piglets with IUGR compared to those in normal piglets suggested that intrauterine growth retardation reduced the surface absorption area of small intestine. After piglets were naturally suckled with dam for 3 days, the weights of major digestive organ include small intestine in piglets with normal weight were obviously larger than those in piglets with IUGR. Higher relative length (368.48± 64.56cm/kg Vs 273.13±48.40cm/kg, P<0.05) and lower relative weight (106.29± 10.28
mg/cm Vs 132.41 ± 22.64mg/cm, P<0.05) of small intestine in IUGR piglets compared to those in normal piglets suggested that the surface absorption area of small intestine in intrauterine growth retarded piglets is still lower than that in normal piglets. The differences of mucosal DNA, RNA and protein contents between normal piglets and piglets with IUGR after naturally suckled with their dams for 3 days were all not clear (P>0.05). In postnatal y days age, the body weight and the weight of pancreas in normal piglets were still highei than those in piglets with IUGRC P<0.05) .The content of mucosal RNA of small intestine in piglets with normal weight (112.7±25.6mg Vs 82.2±11.0mg, P<0.05) was markedly higher than that in piglets with IUGR. But there were not significant difference in most of observed parameters between them.
In the second experiment, the morphology of the small intestine was compared between normal piglets and intrauterine growth retarded piglets from 0 to 7 days age. The morphology of the small intestine in both of normal piglets and piglets with IUGR were markedly changed from newborn to 7 days age after birth, especially the wall thickness and villus height were significantly increased. Small intestinal wall thickness, villus height and crypt depth in newborn intrauterine growth retarded piglets were markedly lower than those in normal piglets. In 3 days age, Small intestinal wall thickness and villus height in part intestinal regions of normal piglets were significantly higher than those in piglets with IUGR. In 7 days age. the difference of the morphology between normal piglets and piglets with IUGR were not significant.
In the third experiment, the enzyme activities in mucous membrane of small intestine were compared between normal piglets and intrauterine growth retarded piglets from 0 to 7 days age. During the pos
引文
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