提高大熊猫（Ailuropoda melanoleuca）初生幼仔免疫力前期研究
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摘要
本研究通过对不同大熊猫圈养单位的人工乳配方，以及黑熊，成都麻羊等动物初乳的初步分析，选定了大熊猫代用乳配方；检测了由大熊猫母亲育幼的大熊猫初生幼仔肠道菌群的建立及组成情况；应用生化的方法测定了大熊猫幼仔血清中γ-球蛋白含量；将收集到的健康成年大熊猫血清冻干，并进行了冻干血清微生物培养、动物口服等安全试验。为提高大熊猫初生幼仔免疫力的研究奠定了一定的基础。
研究结果：
1、通过对圣迭哥动物园、北京动物园以及成都大熊猫繁育研究基地的人工乳的配方，以及黑熊成都麻羊和大熊猫初乳中粗蛋白、粗脂肪、乳糖、矿物质元素的含量进行分析，通过比较检测结果，认为成都大熊猫繁育研究基地的人工乳配方比较适合大熊猫幼仔。此配方为：山羊初乳：熊猫奶粉(panda milk)：去离子水=3：1：6(质量比)
2、大熊猫幼仔肠道正常菌群与其它动物相比比较特殊，厌氧菌的检出率和含量相对较低。1-35日龄大熊猫幼仔肠道正常菌群中以大肠埃希氏菌、粪链球菌为主。这期间粪便中菌群组成为较单纯，基本没有什么变化，在25日龄时才检测到乳杆菌，但仅是微量。截止2月龄没有发现双歧杆菌，肠道菌群也基本没有变化。
3、双缩脲法测定大熊猫初生幼仔血清中总蛋白量，电泳分析不同蛋白比例，发现γ-球蛋白含量极低，截止19周龄最高仅为1.9 g／l，为成年大熊猫的22.62％，γ-球蛋白仅占血清总蛋白4.1％，而成年大熊猫此数据为12.09％；13日龄死亡的一只幼仔γ-球蛋白含量仅为0.4g／l，为成年大熊猫的4.76％，γ-球蛋白占血清总蛋白1.5％，证明大熊猫初生幼仔免疫力低下。根据检测结果确定了计算大熊猫幼仔添加成年大熊猫血清量的公式：添加剂量=7.5ml／100g体重×幼仔体重×50％×6mg／ml÷50％÷8.4mg／ml
4、健康成年大熊猫的血清冻干处理后进行微生物培养、哺乳小鼠口服等安全试验，证明口服冻干后的血清不会造成试验动物腹泻或发育不良等负面影响。
The objective of this study was to do the preliminary studies on enhancing immunity of neonatal giant panda. Three experiments were carried out. Experiment 1 assayed three formulas of artifical milk for giant panda cub and colostrum of giant panda, black bear, goat. Experiment 2 detected the newborn giant panda cub's intestine flora. The aim of experiment 3 was to do preliminary studies of confecting artifical colostrum for neonatal giant panda. Results as follows:
1 Four items of each testee milk were tested, crude protein, ether extract, lactose and leral elements, there were 7 kinds of mineral elements were tested. By analysed the
results, author chose the formula from Chengdu research base of giant panda breeding
as the most suitable one for panda cub. The formula is goat colostrum : panda
milk(from Janpan): deion water =15:5 :30 (by weight)
2, The dominant, detectable bacteria of newborn giant panda cub's intestine flora were Escheia coli and streptococcus faaecalis by panda cub was 35-day-old. When the cub was 25-day-old lactobacillus was detected in feces, lactobacillus was low percentage of the flora. Till the cub was 2-month-old no Bifidobacterium was detected. The results showed the intestine flora of newborn giant panda cub was unique.
3 The results of assaying total protein and the proportions of different protein contents of newborn giant panda cub serum showed that panda cub have low immunity. The
results showed unitil panda cub was 19 weeks old, the highest Gamma Globin concentration in serum was only 1.9g/l, the concentration was adult's 22.62%, and Gamma Globin proportion was 4.1% total serum protein, the same item of adult panda was 12.09%. One cub died 13-day-old , the cub's serum was assayed, the Gamma Globin concentration in serum was only 0.4g/l, the concentration was adult's 4.76%, Gamma Globin proportion was 4.1% total serum protein. Based on the results author recommended a formula, the formula was used to calculate the volume of adults panda serum that fed to newborn giant panda cub as colostrums supplement, the formula as follows:
The volume of serum fed to the cub=7.5ml/100g body weightxcub's body weight X 50% X 6mg/ml 50% 8.4mg/ml
4 Healthy adult giant panda's serum was lyophilized. After the trial of microbe culture and fed to sucking mice, the lyophilized serum was testified safety, will not make the testee animal diarrhoea and growth hypogenesis.
研究结果：
1、通过对圣迭哥动物园、北京动物园以及成都大熊猫繁育研究基地的人工乳的配方，以及黑熊成都麻羊和大熊猫初乳中粗蛋白、粗脂肪、乳糖、矿物质元素的含量进行分析，通过比较检测结果，认为成都大熊猫繁育研究基地的人工乳配方比较适合大熊猫幼仔。此配方为：山羊初乳：熊猫奶粉(panda milk)：去离子水=3：1：6(质量比)
2、大熊猫幼仔肠道正常菌群与其它动物相比比较特殊，厌氧菌的检出率和含量相对较低。1-35日龄大熊猫幼仔肠道正常菌群中以大肠埃希氏菌、粪链球菌为主。这期间粪便中菌群组成为较单纯，基本没有什么变化，在25日龄时才检测到乳杆菌，但仅是微量。截止2月龄没有发现双歧杆菌，肠道菌群也基本没有变化。
3、双缩脲法测定大熊猫初生幼仔血清中总蛋白量，电泳分析不同蛋白比例，发现γ-球蛋白含量极低，截止19周龄最高仅为1.9 g／l，为成年大熊猫的22.62％，γ-球蛋白仅占血清总蛋白4.1％，而成年大熊猫此数据为12.09％；13日龄死亡的一只幼仔γ-球蛋白含量仅为0.4g／l，为成年大熊猫的4.76％，γ-球蛋白占血清总蛋白1.5％，证明大熊猫初生幼仔免疫力低下。根据检测结果确定了计算大熊猫幼仔添加成年大熊猫血清量的公式：添加剂量=7.5ml／100g体重×幼仔体重×50％×6mg／ml÷50％÷8.4mg／ml
4、健康成年大熊猫的血清冻干处理后进行微生物培养、哺乳小鼠口服等安全试验，证明口服冻干后的血清不会造成试验动物腹泻或发育不良等负面影响。
The objective of this study was to do the preliminary studies on enhancing immunity of neonatal giant panda. Three experiments were carried out. Experiment 1 assayed three formulas of artifical milk for giant panda cub and colostrum of giant panda, black bear, goat. Experiment 2 detected the newborn giant panda cub's intestine flora. The aim of experiment 3 was to do preliminary studies of confecting artifical colostrum for neonatal giant panda. Results as follows:
1 Four items of each testee milk were tested, crude protein, ether extract, lactose and leral elements, there were 7 kinds of mineral elements were tested. By analysed the
results, author chose the formula from Chengdu research base of giant panda breeding
as the most suitable one for panda cub. The formula is goat colostrum : panda
milk(from Janpan): deion water =15:5 :30 (by weight)
2, The dominant, detectable bacteria of newborn giant panda cub's intestine flora were Escheia coli and streptococcus faaecalis by panda cub was 35-day-old. When the cub was 25-day-old lactobacillus was detected in feces, lactobacillus was low percentage of the flora. Till the cub was 2-month-old no Bifidobacterium was detected. The results showed the intestine flora of newborn giant panda cub was unique.
3 The results of assaying total protein and the proportions of different protein contents of newborn giant panda cub serum showed that panda cub have low immunity. The
results showed unitil panda cub was 19 weeks old, the highest Gamma Globin concentration in serum was only 1.9g/l, the concentration was adult's 22.62%, and Gamma Globin proportion was 4.1% total serum protein, the same item of adult panda was 12.09%. One cub died 13-day-old , the cub's serum was assayed, the Gamma Globin concentration in serum was only 0.4g/l, the concentration was adult's 4.76%, Gamma Globin proportion was 4.1% total serum protein. Based on the results author recommended a formula, the formula was used to calculate the volume of adults panda serum that fed to newborn giant panda cub as colostrums supplement, the formula as follows:
The volume of serum fed to the cub=7.5ml/100g body weightxcub's body weight X 50% X 6mg/ml 50% 8.4mg/ml
4 Healthy adult giant panda's serum was lyophilized. After the trial of microbe culture and fed to sucking mice, the lyophilized serum was testified safety, will not make the testee animal diarrhoea and growth hypogenesis.
引文
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