湖南省农业机械推广现状与推广机制探索
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摘要
随着近几年有关三农政策的不断推出与政府对农业投入的不断增加,湖南省农业农业机械化水平经历了一个快速发展的时期,在很大程度上促进了湖南省农业经济的发展；然而湖南省目前的农业机械推广体系与推广机制依旧沿袭前期制度,不能较好的与当前农机市场的发展相适应。探索建立适合湖南省客观情况的农业机械推广体系与推广机制,以促进湖南省农机市场的不断繁荣和健康发展具有显著的现实意义。
本文在总结概括湖南省农机发展概况的基础上,分析了湖南省农机需求的特点并指出了湖南省农机市场发展过程中所存在的问题,认为农民人均收入增长幅度过缓、农户对农机市场信息了解不及时不全面以及农机的流通与售后环节滞后等因素是影响湖南省农业机械化的主要原因。
论文在广泛借鉴国内外成功经验的基础上,探讨了湖南省农机推广体系所存在的问题。作者结合2005年以来湖南省农机发展相关数据进行了大量统计分析,分别研究了总耕地面积、人均耕地面积、人均收入、农村住户劳动力转移、农业从业人数参数等对湖南省农机保有量的影响。利用多元线性方程与一元多次方程对以上关系进行了回归分析,建立了相对应的数学模型,并对2010年湖南省农机保有量进行了合理的预测。该模型的建立可为农机部门制定相关文件与政策提供一定的参考与依据。
作者最后就湖南省农机推广机制与推广体系改革提出了自己的建议,认为农机推广应当根据当地乡村劳动力资源总数、农业从业人员收入增长水平以及人均耕地面积的变化情况因地制宜的制定销售目标、建设销售渠道与安排销售力量。
Agricultural mechanization level of agriculture in Hunan Province has experienced a period of rapid development with the introduction of new policies on agriculture and the growing of agricultural inputs in recent years, which contributed greatly to the development of agricultural economy in Hunan Province. However, the promotion of agricultural machinery and mechanism of extension system still follow the previous system, which cannt meet the acquirement of agricultural market development with the current situation. In order to ensure the continued prosperity and healthy development of Hunan agricultural machinery market, it is practical significance to explore the establishment of conditions for agricultural machinery and mechanism of extension systems.
The author analysised the demand characteristics for agricultural machinery and the problems existed in development process in Hunan Province based on the summed overview of agricultural development. The author regard that the main reasons affected the development of agricultural machinery in Hunan lies in three aspects. First, the growth rate in per capita income of farmers is too slow. Second, the farmer dont understand on the agricultural market information timely. Third, the links in distribution and after-sales dont work realtimey and often lags.
This paper discussed the problems that existed in the agricultural extension system in Hunan Province based on the successful experiences on development of agricultural extension system in other province and foreign. A great deal of statistical analysis has been undertaken based on the related data of agricultural development in Hunan since 2005. The anthor studied the influence of total cultivated area, arable land per capita, per capita income, transfer of rural labor households, and the number of agricultural workers on the ownership of agricultural machinery in Hunan. Multiple linear equations and many times a dollar equation have been adoped to undertake the above regression analysis, and some corresponding mathematical models have been established. The agricultural machinery holding of Hunan in 2010 was forecast by the models successfully. The mathematical models can provide a reference and basis for the agricultural sector and policy.
Some advices have been proposed on the promotion mechanism of agricultural machinery and the reform of extension system in Hunan. The author suggests that the agricultural sector should develop the sales targets, build sales channels, and arrange sales force according to the local conditions such as the total number of rural labor resources, the income growth rate of agricultural employees, and the change in arable land per capita.
本文在总结概括湖南省农机发展概况的基础上,分析了湖南省农机需求的特点并指出了湖南省农机市场发展过程中所存在的问题,认为农民人均收入增长幅度过缓、农户对农机市场信息了解不及时不全面以及农机的流通与售后环节滞后等因素是影响湖南省农业机械化的主要原因。
论文在广泛借鉴国内外成功经验的基础上,探讨了湖南省农机推广体系所存在的问题。作者结合2005年以来湖南省农机发展相关数据进行了大量统计分析,分别研究了总耕地面积、人均耕地面积、人均收入、农村住户劳动力转移、农业从业人数参数等对湖南省农机保有量的影响。利用多元线性方程与一元多次方程对以上关系进行了回归分析,建立了相对应的数学模型,并对2010年湖南省农机保有量进行了合理的预测。该模型的建立可为农机部门制定相关文件与政策提供一定的参考与依据。
作者最后就湖南省农机推广机制与推广体系改革提出了自己的建议,认为农机推广应当根据当地乡村劳动力资源总数、农业从业人员收入增长水平以及人均耕地面积的变化情况因地制宜的制定销售目标、建设销售渠道与安排销售力量。
Agricultural mechanization level of agriculture in Hunan Province has experienced a period of rapid development with the introduction of new policies on agriculture and the growing of agricultural inputs in recent years, which contributed greatly to the development of agricultural economy in Hunan Province. However, the promotion of agricultural machinery and mechanism of extension system still follow the previous system, which cannt meet the acquirement of agricultural market development with the current situation. In order to ensure the continued prosperity and healthy development of Hunan agricultural machinery market, it is practical significance to explore the establishment of conditions for agricultural machinery and mechanism of extension systems.
The author analysised the demand characteristics for agricultural machinery and the problems existed in development process in Hunan Province based on the summed overview of agricultural development. The author regard that the main reasons affected the development of agricultural machinery in Hunan lies in three aspects. First, the growth rate in per capita income of farmers is too slow. Second, the farmer dont understand on the agricultural market information timely. Third, the links in distribution and after-sales dont work realtimey and often lags.
This paper discussed the problems that existed in the agricultural extension system in Hunan Province based on the successful experiences on development of agricultural extension system in other province and foreign. A great deal of statistical analysis has been undertaken based on the related data of agricultural development in Hunan since 2005. The anthor studied the influence of total cultivated area, arable land per capita, per capita income, transfer of rural labor households, and the number of agricultural workers on the ownership of agricultural machinery in Hunan. Multiple linear equations and many times a dollar equation have been adoped to undertake the above regression analysis, and some corresponding mathematical models have been established. The agricultural machinery holding of Hunan in 2010 was forecast by the models successfully. The mathematical models can provide a reference and basis for the agricultural sector and policy.
Some advices have been proposed on the promotion mechanism of agricultural machinery and the reform of extension system in Hunan. The author suggests that the agricultural sector should develop the sales targets, build sales channels, and arrange sales force according to the local conditions such as the total number of rural labor resources, the income growth rate of agricultural employees, and the change in arable land per capita.
引文
[1]蔡磊.2003.论新时期政府农技推广机构的职能.中国农技推广.第1期：9-10.
[2]陈益忠.1999.我国农业技术市场存在的问题及发展对策.中国信息导报.第12期：17,27.
[3]邓楠,万宝瑞.2001.21世纪中国农业科技发展战略.第1版.北京.中国农业出版社.
[4]丁振京.2001.我国现行农业科技推广模式及存在问题.河北农业大学学报.第2期：23-26.
[5]段玲玲.1999.农技推广的市场化.农业科技管理.第10期：16-18.
[6]范定先.2002.关于加快建设新型农业技术推广服务体系的思考.中国农技推广.第5期：13-15.
[7]方天堃,冯赫.2000.美国农业推广模式对我国的启示.国外农业经济.第12期：57-58.
[8]高启杰.1996.当代世界农业推广模式的类型及其发展方向.中国农技推广.第3期
[9]高启杰.2000.国际农业推广改革中的分权战略.世界农业.第7期：44-45.
[10]胡瑞法.1996.中国农业科研制度与政策问题的调查与思考.管理世界.第3期：167-183.
[11]黄淑贞.1999.农业科技体制改革的思考.农业科技管理.第11期：9-10.
[12]李昌健.1998.浅论市场经济体制下的农技推广问题.农业科技管.第2期：4-7.
[13]李红康.1999.农业科研机构市场化初探.农业科技管理.第4期：14-15.
[14]李立秋.2003.区域站成为推广体制创新亮点.中国农技推广.第2期：11-12.
[15]李树泉.1995.论农技推广服务工作的现状、问题与对策.社会主义市场经济与农业推广.第1版.北京.中国农业出版社.313-316.
[16]李晓光.1997.建立科研推广协作网、加速科研成果进入农村市场.农业科技管理.1997年第4期：44-46.
[17]李小云.1996.关于我国农业教育、科研、推广、综合体制改革的建议.科技导报.第6期：26-27.
[18]刘坚.2003.大力推进农业科技示范场建设.中国农技推广.第1期：4-7.
[19]刘平.2003.做好农业科技推广促进农民致富奔小康.农业科技推广.22(1)：14-17.
[20]刘兴海.1999.农业事业单位分类改革与对策初探.农业科技管理.第7期：15-17.
[21]刘志澄.2000.农业面临新的挑战.农业经济问题.第2期：2-5.
[22]吕文安.1995.农业推广学.第1版.沈阳.辽宁科学技术出版社.
[23]马占元.1989.农业推广技能.第1版.北京.学术书刊出版社.
[24]湖南农村统计年鉴,2005
[25]湖南农村统计年鉴,2006
[26]湖南农村统计年鉴,2007
[27]湖南农村统计年鉴,2008
[28]湖南农村统计年鉴,2009
[2]陈益忠.1999.我国农业技术市场存在的问题及发展对策.中国信息导报.第12期：17,27.
[3]邓楠,万宝瑞.2001.21世纪中国农业科技发展战略.第1版.北京.中国农业出版社.
[4]丁振京.2001.我国现行农业科技推广模式及存在问题.河北农业大学学报.第2期：23-26.
[5]段玲玲.1999.农技推广的市场化.农业科技管理.第10期：16-18.
[6]范定先.2002.关于加快建设新型农业技术推广服务体系的思考.中国农技推广.第5期：13-15.
[7]方天堃,冯赫.2000.美国农业推广模式对我国的启示.国外农业经济.第12期：57-58.
[8]高启杰.1996.当代世界农业推广模式的类型及其发展方向.中国农技推广.第3期
[9]高启杰.2000.国际农业推广改革中的分权战略.世界农业.第7期：44-45.
[10]胡瑞法.1996.中国农业科研制度与政策问题的调查与思考.管理世界.第3期：167-183.
[11]黄淑贞.1999.农业科技体制改革的思考.农业科技管理.第11期：9-10.
[12]李昌健.1998.浅论市场经济体制下的农技推广问题.农业科技管.第2期：4-7.
[13]李红康.1999.农业科研机构市场化初探.农业科技管理.第4期：14-15.
[14]李立秋.2003.区域站成为推广体制创新亮点.中国农技推广.第2期：11-12.
[15]李树泉.1995.论农技推广服务工作的现状、问题与对策.社会主义市场经济与农业推广.第1版.北京.中国农业出版社.313-316.
[16]李晓光.1997.建立科研推广协作网、加速科研成果进入农村市场.农业科技管理.1997年第4期：44-46.
[17]李小云.1996.关于我国农业教育、科研、推广、综合体制改革的建议.科技导报.第6期：26-27.
[18]刘坚.2003.大力推进农业科技示范场建设.中国农技推广.第1期：4-7.
[19]刘平.2003.做好农业科技推广促进农民致富奔小康.农业科技推广.22(1)：14-17.
[20]刘兴海.1999.农业事业单位分类改革与对策初探.农业科技管理.第7期：15-17.
[21]刘志澄.2000.农业面临新的挑战.农业经济问题.第2期：2-5.
[22]吕文安.1995.农业推广学.第1版.沈阳.辽宁科学技术出版社.
[23]马占元.1989.农业推广技能.第1版.北京.学术书刊出版社.
[24]湖南农村统计年鉴,2005
[25]湖南农村统计年鉴,2006
[26]湖南农村统计年鉴,2007
[27]湖南农村统计年鉴,2008
[28]湖南农村统计年鉴,2009