行车自动化系统异构数据通信的实时性研究
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摘要
在不断变化的环境中，要求新型的行车自动化系统不仅具有在线扩展、在线维护和容错等在线特性，还需要具有两个基本特性——实时性和可靠性。
我国行车自动化系统中采用的传统体系结构(如：集中式体系结构和客户／服务器体系结构)和传统的通信模式(如：Polling型和请求／应答型)，这对于数据流传输的实时性存在着很大的阻碍，需要从体系结构和通信模型方面做出改进。本文分别从系统的体系结构、通信模式和集成模式上进行分析，比较结果表明：采用自律分散系统ADS(Autonomous Decentralized System)结构、P／S通信模式和数据域DF的系统集成可使行车自动化系统保持良好的自律性和在线特性，也为进一步研究行车自动化系统的实时性和可靠性提供了最基本的保证。
文章重点分析了行车自动化系统中存在的不同通信属性的数据流，并将数据流划分为实时性要求较高的事件数据流、周期数据流和可靠性要求较高的报文数据流，进而提出了确保异质属性数据不会相互干扰的系统模型，来保证数据传输的实时性。在推荐的模型中，最基本的特点就是将信息系统和控制系统的数据域分别划分为实时数据域(realtime datafield)、周期数据域(cyclic datafield)和可靠数据域(reliable datafield)。在这种结构中，不同通信属性的数据在网关中选择了指定的通信方法后，则只向指定的目的数据域中进行发送。这种通信方法避免了不同通信属性数据之间的干扰，从而提高了实时数据传输的实时性。
在行车自动化系统实时性能改进的分析中，使用排队论理论对传统行车自动化系统结构和提出的两种改进结构进行了分析。结果表明：改进的系统结构相对于传统的系统结构来说，在实时性能方面都有很大的改进。
Under intense competitive condition, new transport automation system is required to have the online properties, such as on-line expansion, on-line maintenance and fault tolerance, but also required to have two basic properties of real time and reliability.
The traditional centralized systematic architecture(such as centralized systematic architecture and client/server systematic architecture) and traditional communication pattern(such as polling and request/reply ) of transport automation system in our country has great obstruction for the real time property of data , so we need to make improvement from two aspects - systematic architecture and communication pattern. This paper analysises respectively from systematic architecture, communication pattern and integrated pattern.The result shows: systematic architecture should adopt the Autonomous Decentralized System(ADS);communication pattern should adopt Publish/Subscribe communication pattern; integrated model should adopt the concept of data field(DF) to realize autonomous system integration. All these selections make transport automation system keep good autonomy and on-line property, and also make the guarantee for the research of real time and reliability of the transport automation system.
This paper has analysed the data of different communication property which flow in transport automation system and divided the data into three types,that is, incident data, period data and reliability data, and then have put forward a systematic model to ensure that data of different communication property will not disturb mutually. This system model also guarantee the real time of data transmission. In the proposed model, the most basic characteristic is that the DF of information system and DF of control system respectively divided into three types, that is, realtime datafield , cyclic datafield and reliable datafield . In this kind of model, data of differdnt communication is chosen the communication method in gateway and is sent only to designated purpose data field. This kind of communication method has avoided different communication property data from
disturb mutully, so, it has raised the real time property of the data.
To analysis of the performance improvement of real time of transport automation system,we use queueing theory for the analysis of the traditional transport automation system and the proposed system. The result shows: compare with traditional transport automation system,the proposed system has great improvement in real time property.
我国行车自动化系统中采用的传统体系结构(如：集中式体系结构和客户／服务器体系结构)和传统的通信模式(如：Polling型和请求／应答型)，这对于数据流传输的实时性存在着很大的阻碍，需要从体系结构和通信模型方面做出改进。本文分别从系统的体系结构、通信模式和集成模式上进行分析，比较结果表明：采用自律分散系统ADS(Autonomous Decentralized System)结构、P／S通信模式和数据域DF的系统集成可使行车自动化系统保持良好的自律性和在线特性，也为进一步研究行车自动化系统的实时性和可靠性提供了最基本的保证。
文章重点分析了行车自动化系统中存在的不同通信属性的数据流，并将数据流划分为实时性要求较高的事件数据流、周期数据流和可靠性要求较高的报文数据流，进而提出了确保异质属性数据不会相互干扰的系统模型，来保证数据传输的实时性。在推荐的模型中，最基本的特点就是将信息系统和控制系统的数据域分别划分为实时数据域(realtime datafield)、周期数据域(cyclic datafield)和可靠数据域(reliable datafield)。在这种结构中，不同通信属性的数据在网关中选择了指定的通信方法后，则只向指定的目的数据域中进行发送。这种通信方法避免了不同通信属性数据之间的干扰，从而提高了实时数据传输的实时性。
在行车自动化系统实时性能改进的分析中，使用排队论理论对传统行车自动化系统结构和提出的两种改进结构进行了分析。结果表明：改进的系统结构相对于传统的系统结构来说，在实时性能方面都有很大的改进。
Under intense competitive condition, new transport automation system is required to have the online properties, such as on-line expansion, on-line maintenance and fault tolerance, but also required to have two basic properties of real time and reliability.
The traditional centralized systematic architecture(such as centralized systematic architecture and client/server systematic architecture) and traditional communication pattern(such as polling and request/reply ) of transport automation system in our country has great obstruction for the real time property of data , so we need to make improvement from two aspects - systematic architecture and communication pattern. This paper analysises respectively from systematic architecture, communication pattern and integrated pattern.The result shows: systematic architecture should adopt the Autonomous Decentralized System(ADS);communication pattern should adopt Publish/Subscribe communication pattern; integrated model should adopt the concept of data field(DF) to realize autonomous system integration. All these selections make transport automation system keep good autonomy and on-line property, and also make the guarantee for the research of real time and reliability of the transport automation system.
This paper has analysed the data of different communication property which flow in transport automation system and divided the data into three types,that is, incident data, period data and reliability data, and then have put forward a systematic model to ensure that data of different communication property will not disturb mutually. This system model also guarantee the real time of data transmission. In the proposed model, the most basic characteristic is that the DF of information system and DF of control system respectively divided into three types, that is, realtime datafield , cyclic datafield and reliable datafield . In this kind of model, data of differdnt communication is chosen the communication method in gateway and is sent only to designated purpose data field. This kind of communication method has avoided different communication property data from
disturb mutully, so, it has raised the real time property of the data.
To analysis of the performance improvement of real time of transport automation system,we use queueing theory for the analysis of the traditional transport automation system and the proposed system. The result shows: compare with traditional transport automation system,the proposed system has great improvement in real time property.
引文
1 钱清泉．微机监控系统原理．中国铁道出版社．1997．3
2 盛寿麟．电力系统远程监控原理．中国电力出版社．1998．11
3 Isao Kaji, Kinji Mori. Atomicity of Transaction Processing in Heterogeneous Autonomous Decentralized System. The 4th International Symposium on Integration of Heterogeneous Systems, 1999 ,150/157
4 Hamamura H, Kinji Mori. Assurance of transactions in allied heterogeneous systems by autonomous decentralized system techniques. High-Assurance Systems Engineering Symposium, 1998.288/295
5 Isao Kaji, Yongdong Tan, Kinji Mori Autonomous Data Synchronization in Heterogeneous Systems to Assure the Transaction. High Assurance Systems Engineering(HASE' 99),169/178
6 Yongdong Tan, Qingquan Qian, Kinji Mori. Autonomous Topology Recognize Technique for Transaction Processing in Heterogeneous Autonomous Decentralized Systems. Proc. of 2000 International Workshop on Autonomous Decentralized Systems, 49/54
7 Kinji Mori, et. al. Autonomous decentralized steel production process control system. Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, 1989,1457 /1460
8 Kinji Mori. Expandable and Fault Tolerant Computers and Communications Systems——Autonomous Decentralized System. Proc.of Computers and Communications. 1999, 228/234
9 Kinji Mori. Applications in Rapidly Changing Environments. IEEE Computer. 1998. Vol. 31, No. 4. 42/43
10 M. Omura, M. Oku. Hi-Cell System Architecture for Manufacturing Systems. Proc. of ISADS95. Phenix, 1995,154/161
11 Yongdong Tan, Isao Kaji, Kinji Mori. Autonomous Coordination for Atomicity of Transaction in Heterogeneous Systems. Computer Software and Applications Conference, 1999. COMPSAC '99,145/150
12 Isao Kaji, Shohei Kato, Kinji Mori. Autonomous Data Consistency for
Cooperative Applications to Fairly Ally the Data in Heterogeneous Systems. Proc. of International Workshop on Autonomous Decentralized Systems, 2000,196/204
13 Dechang Wu, Shenglong Yu,Yongdong Tan. Solution for Qos Communication in China Railway Control and Management System. The 2nd International Workshop on Autonomous Decentralized System, 2002,254/259
14 Takeiki Aizono, Katsumi Kawano, Hiroshi Wataya, Kinji Mori.Autonomous Decentralized Software Structure for Integration of Information and Control Systems. Porceedings of the COMPSAC' 97-21st International Computer Software and Applications Conference. 1997,324-331
15 I-Ling Yen, Raymond Paul, Kinji Mori. Toward Integrated Methods for High-Assurance Systems. IEEE Computer 1998, Vol. 31, No. 4, 32/34
16 Hirokazu Ihara, Kinji Mori. Autonomous Decentralized Computer Control System. IEEE Computer 1984, Vol. 17,No. 8,57/66
17 Kitahara F, Kera K, Bekki K. Autonomous Decentralized Traffic Management System. International Workshop on Autonomous Decentralized Systems, 2000,87/91
18 Yongdong Tan, hijun Yin, Qingquan Qian, Kinji Mori. A Biologically Inspired Assurance Definition and Specification in Heterogeneous Autonomous Decentralized Systems. Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Symposium on High Assurance Systems Engineering(HASE' 02),63/69
19 Isao Kaji, Shohei Kato, Kinji Mori. Autonomous Data Consistency Technique through Fair Evaluation among Heterogeneous Systems. Proc.of 5th International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems,2001,447/455
20 Isao Kaji, Kinji Mori. Integration of Autonomous Decentralized Systems with Different Fault Tolerance Requirment Levels. Proc. of the 1st International Symposium .on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing, 1998. (ISORC 98),240/248
21 Kinji Mori. Heterogeneous Autonomy under Evolutionary Situation. Proc. of ISADS1999,406
22 Kinji Mori. A Proposal of the Autonomous Decentralized System Concept. IEICEC 1984. Vol. 104, No. 12,303/310
23 Kinji Mori. Autonomous Decentralized Systems:Concept, Data Field Architecture and Future Trends. Proceedings of the 1th International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized System(ISADS' 93), 28/34
24 Kinji Mori, et. al. Autonomous Decentralized Software Structure and Its Application. IEEE Fall Joint Computer Conference, IEEE, Dallsa,USA, 1986,1056/1063
25 Hideo Hanamura, Kinji Mori. Assurance of Transactions in Allied Heterogeneous Systems by Autonomous Decentralized System Techniques. Proc. of the 3nd IEEE High-Assurance System Engineering Workshop(HASE),USA, 1998,288/295
26 谢希仁．计算机网络．第三版．大连理工大学出版社．2000，6
27 汪芸，谢俊清，沈卓炜，顾冠群．实时CORBA技术综述．东南大学学报(自然科学版)．2002．第3期
28 潘立武，王保保．CORBA体系结构与实现机制．航空计算技术．2002年．第3期
29 张加林，陈小平．COM／DCOM技术分析及其应用．情报指挥控制系统与仿真技术．2003年．第1期
30 林闯．计算机网络和计算机系统的性能评价．清华大学出版社，2001．4
31 林生．计算机通信网原理．第三版．西安电子科技大学出版社．1995．11
32 王永红，马欣，凌志浩．控制网络与信息网络的集成技术．基础自动化．2001，Vol．8．No．5
33 Y. Chen. Integrating heterogeneous autonomous control systems. J. South African Institute of the Electrical Engineering. 2OO1. Vol. 18
34 Kazuo Kera, Keisuke Bekki. Assurance Technology for Growing System and Its Application to Tokyo Metropolitan Railway Network. IEICE/IEEE Joint Special Issues on Autonomous Decentralized Systems and Systems' Assurance. 2001,1341/1349
35 Kera K, et. al. High assurance step-by-step autonomous construction technique for large real time system. Proc. of the 7th IEEE International Symposium on High Assurance Systems Engineering, 2002,79/86
36 Jean Walrand，Pravin Varaiya著．张艳等译．史美林校．高性能通信网络．机械工业出版社．2002
37 高传善，钱松荣，毛迪林著．数据通信与计算机网络．高等教育出版社．2001
38 王克宏，董丽．Java技术及其应用．高等教育出版社
39 Technology of Object-Oriented Languages and system. CORBA and DCOM:Architectures for Distributed Computing Damien Watkins. June 07-10.1999
40 Java Message Service API. http://java.sun. om/products/jms/
41 Richard Monson-Haefel．朱小明，周琳泽．Enterprise JavaBeans．中国电力出版社．2001
42 刘贺峰．基于RTPS的实时通信中间件．西南交通大学硕士论文．2002．4
43 于胜龙．异构敏捷系统集成模型．西南交通大学硕士论文．2003．6
44 H. Wataya, T Aizono, et. al. Integration of Control and Information Systems by Open Autonomous Decentralized System Architecture and its Application for Distributed Manufacutring System. Proc. of ISADS97,147/154
45 Yongdong Tan, Hefeng Liu, Qingquan Qian. A QoS Autonomous Decentralized Protocol—QoS-ADP for Real-Time Control System. Proc.of the 2nd International Workshop on Autonomous Decentralized System.2002,48/55
46 Hiroshi ITO, Shinji FUJISAWA, Youichi HATTORI. Proposal and Development of an Autonomous Decentralized System for Newspaper Production. Proc. of ISADS 97,247/254
47 H. Wataya, K. Kawano, et. al. The Cooperating Autonomous Decentralized System Architecture. Proc. of ISADS95,40/47
48 Ragunathan Rajkumar, Mike Gagliardi, Lui Sha. The Real-Time Publisher/Subscriber Inter-Process Communication Model for Distributed Real-Time System:Design and
Implementation. http://www.computer.org
49 李性存，李伟琴．计算机局域网络．航空工业出版社．1992
50 何成．计算机局部网络与性能分析．中国科学技术出版社
2 盛寿麟．电力系统远程监控原理．中国电力出版社．1998．11
3 Isao Kaji, Kinji Mori. Atomicity of Transaction Processing in Heterogeneous Autonomous Decentralized System. The 4th International Symposium on Integration of Heterogeneous Systems, 1999 ,150/157
4 Hamamura H, Kinji Mori. Assurance of transactions in allied heterogeneous systems by autonomous decentralized system techniques. High-Assurance Systems Engineering Symposium, 1998.288/295
5 Isao Kaji, Yongdong Tan, Kinji Mori Autonomous Data Synchronization in Heterogeneous Systems to Assure the Transaction. High Assurance Systems Engineering(HASE' 99),169/178
6 Yongdong Tan, Qingquan Qian, Kinji Mori. Autonomous Topology Recognize Technique for Transaction Processing in Heterogeneous Autonomous Decentralized Systems. Proc. of 2000 International Workshop on Autonomous Decentralized Systems, 49/54
7 Kinji Mori, et. al. Autonomous decentralized steel production process control system. Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, 1989,1457 /1460
8 Kinji Mori. Expandable and Fault Tolerant Computers and Communications Systems——Autonomous Decentralized System. Proc.of Computers and Communications. 1999, 228/234
9 Kinji Mori. Applications in Rapidly Changing Environments. IEEE Computer. 1998. Vol. 31, No. 4. 42/43
10 M. Omura, M. Oku. Hi-Cell System Architecture for Manufacturing Systems. Proc. of ISADS95. Phenix, 1995,154/161
11 Yongdong Tan, Isao Kaji, Kinji Mori. Autonomous Coordination for Atomicity of Transaction in Heterogeneous Systems. Computer Software and Applications Conference, 1999. COMPSAC '99,145/150
12 Isao Kaji, Shohei Kato, Kinji Mori. Autonomous Data Consistency for
Cooperative Applications to Fairly Ally the Data in Heterogeneous Systems. Proc. of International Workshop on Autonomous Decentralized Systems, 2000,196/204
13 Dechang Wu, Shenglong Yu,Yongdong Tan. Solution for Qos Communication in China Railway Control and Management System. The 2nd International Workshop on Autonomous Decentralized System, 2002,254/259
14 Takeiki Aizono, Katsumi Kawano, Hiroshi Wataya, Kinji Mori.Autonomous Decentralized Software Structure for Integration of Information and Control Systems. Porceedings of the COMPSAC' 97-21st International Computer Software and Applications Conference. 1997,324-331
15 I-Ling Yen, Raymond Paul, Kinji Mori. Toward Integrated Methods for High-Assurance Systems. IEEE Computer 1998, Vol. 31, No. 4, 32/34
16 Hirokazu Ihara, Kinji Mori. Autonomous Decentralized Computer Control System. IEEE Computer 1984, Vol. 17,No. 8,57/66
17 Kitahara F, Kera K, Bekki K. Autonomous Decentralized Traffic Management System. International Workshop on Autonomous Decentralized Systems, 2000,87/91
18 Yongdong Tan, hijun Yin, Qingquan Qian, Kinji Mori. A Biologically Inspired Assurance Definition and Specification in Heterogeneous Autonomous Decentralized Systems. Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Symposium on High Assurance Systems Engineering(HASE' 02),63/69
19 Isao Kaji, Shohei Kato, Kinji Mori. Autonomous Data Consistency Technique through Fair Evaluation among Heterogeneous Systems. Proc.of 5th International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems,2001,447/455
20 Isao Kaji, Kinji Mori. Integration of Autonomous Decentralized Systems with Different Fault Tolerance Requirment Levels. Proc. of the 1st International Symposium .on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing, 1998. (ISORC 98),240/248
21 Kinji Mori. Heterogeneous Autonomy under Evolutionary Situation. Proc. of ISADS1999,406
22 Kinji Mori. A Proposal of the Autonomous Decentralized System Concept. IEICEC 1984. Vol. 104, No. 12,303/310
23 Kinji Mori. Autonomous Decentralized Systems:Concept, Data Field Architecture and Future Trends. Proceedings of the 1th International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized System(ISADS' 93), 28/34
24 Kinji Mori, et. al. Autonomous Decentralized Software Structure and Its Application. IEEE Fall Joint Computer Conference, IEEE, Dallsa,USA, 1986,1056/1063
25 Hideo Hanamura, Kinji Mori. Assurance of Transactions in Allied Heterogeneous Systems by Autonomous Decentralized System Techniques. Proc. of the 3nd IEEE High-Assurance System Engineering Workshop(HASE),USA, 1998,288/295
26 谢希仁．计算机网络．第三版．大连理工大学出版社．2000，6
27 汪芸，谢俊清，沈卓炜，顾冠群．实时CORBA技术综述．东南大学学报(自然科学版)．2002．第3期
28 潘立武，王保保．CORBA体系结构与实现机制．航空计算技术．2002年．第3期
29 张加林，陈小平．COM／DCOM技术分析及其应用．情报指挥控制系统与仿真技术．2003年．第1期
30 林闯．计算机网络和计算机系统的性能评价．清华大学出版社，2001．4
31 林生．计算机通信网原理．第三版．西安电子科技大学出版社．1995．11
32 王永红，马欣，凌志浩．控制网络与信息网络的集成技术．基础自动化．2001，Vol．8．No．5
33 Y. Chen. Integrating heterogeneous autonomous control systems. J. South African Institute of the Electrical Engineering. 2OO1. Vol. 18
34 Kazuo Kera, Keisuke Bekki. Assurance Technology for Growing System and Its Application to Tokyo Metropolitan Railway Network. IEICE/IEEE Joint Special Issues on Autonomous Decentralized Systems and Systems' Assurance. 2001,1341/1349
35 Kera K, et. al. High assurance step-by-step autonomous construction technique for large real time system. Proc. of the 7th IEEE International Symposium on High Assurance Systems Engineering, 2002,79/86
36 Jean Walrand，Pravin Varaiya著．张艳等译．史美林校．高性能通信网络．机械工业出版社．2002
37 高传善，钱松荣，毛迪林著．数据通信与计算机网络．高等教育出版社．2001
38 王克宏，董丽．Java技术及其应用．高等教育出版社
39 Technology of Object-Oriented Languages and system. CORBA and DCOM:Architectures for Distributed Computing Damien Watkins. June 07-10.1999
40 Java Message Service API. http://java.sun. om/products/jms/
41 Richard Monson-Haefel．朱小明，周琳泽．Enterprise JavaBeans．中国电力出版社．2001
42 刘贺峰．基于RTPS的实时通信中间件．西南交通大学硕士论文．2002．4
43 于胜龙．异构敏捷系统集成模型．西南交通大学硕士论文．2003．6
44 H. Wataya, T Aizono, et. al. Integration of Control and Information Systems by Open Autonomous Decentralized System Architecture and its Application for Distributed Manufacutring System. Proc. of ISADS97,147/154
45 Yongdong Tan, Hefeng Liu, Qingquan Qian. A QoS Autonomous Decentralized Protocol—QoS-ADP for Real-Time Control System. Proc.of the 2nd International Workshop on Autonomous Decentralized System.2002,48/55
46 Hiroshi ITO, Shinji FUJISAWA, Youichi HATTORI. Proposal and Development of an Autonomous Decentralized System for Newspaper Production. Proc. of ISADS 97,247/254
47 H. Wataya, K. Kawano, et. al. The Cooperating Autonomous Decentralized System Architecture. Proc. of ISADS95,40/47
48 Ragunathan Rajkumar, Mike Gagliardi, Lui Sha. The Real-Time Publisher/Subscriber Inter-Process Communication Model for Distributed Real-Time System:Design and
Implementation. http://www.computer.org
49 李性存，李伟琴．计算机局域网络．航空工业出版社．1992
50 何成．计算机局部网络与性能分析．中国科学技术出版社