汽轮机综合测试系统研制
摘要
本论文介绍研制的用于某型号船舰的动力设备汽轮机出厂时的质量检测测试系统。汽轮机作为大型的旋转设备是主要的动力转换元件，其工作运行状况比较特殊，系统运行要求比较严格。研制的测试系统针对汽轮机组及其辅助系统的近200路信号进行测试测量，主要有汽轮机机组的振动位移、烈度、加速度、蒸汽温度和压力；润滑油温度、压力和流量等，以评估汽轮机系统运行的质量。
测试系统采用分布式结构，基于先进的PXI总线技术，选用美国NI公司的14槽PXI-1044机架，高精度温度和电压记录板卡PXI-4351，动态信号采集卡PXI-4472B，M系列多功能采集卡PXI-6221、PXI-6225等数据采集板卡。软件开发基于LabVIEW开发平台，对测试信号进行时域、频域分析处理。
系统软件设计采用虚拟仪器设计理念，基于事件驱动的菜单编程、ActiveX技术、DataSocket技术和数据库技术，实现了测试数据在时域内的PI图、列表、棒图、趋势图显示和最大最小值等特征值分析；频域内的频谱图、幅值图、功率谱、轴心轨迹显示及分析；具有网络化数据传输，数据Excel保存与查询显示等功能。
测试系统具有友好的人机界面，除具有Windows软件的菜单操作外，还具有虚拟仪器风格，界面美观、操作简单，使用方便等优点。经实验室测试分析，系统满足技术指标要求，测试功能完善，运行可靠，具有高精度和高可靠性的特点。
The test system was developed to be used for turbine machine quality test which was used in some warship or steamship. The working status of the warship turbine machine and its auxiliary system was especial and strict because it works as main power machine and large-scale rotator. To ensure the quality of turbine system, the new developed test system measures more than two hundred channels of parameters, including water steam temperature, steam pressure, oil pressureoil flowage, turbine machine vibration displacement, vibration velocity, acceleration and speed of turbine rotation.
The test system used distributed architecture, based on the most advanced technology PXI, 14 slot PXI-1044 rack, high-precision temperature, voltage recorder PXI-435, dynamic signal acquisition card PXI-4472B and data acquisition device M series multifunction acquisition card PXI-6221, PXI-6225 and etc.
The system software was developed based on LabVIEW 8.20 version to realize signal acquisition, filter, process and analysis in time domain and frequency domain.
Utilizing the LabVIEW 8.20 version virtual instrument graphic program language as software developing platform, this system software was designed human-machine interface menu based on event-driven, ActiveX and DataSocket technique. The measured data were saved into real-time relationship database to realize the time-domain signal display including PI graph, list text, bar chart, signals Max. and Min. value, average value etc; signal frequency domain analysis functions including signal spectrogram, power spectrum, filter function realized by FFT algorithm. By webpage program, the measured data can be viewed and displayed through internet. The system also saves data into Excel for printing later or being proceed by other application software.
The test system has advantages of visual interface, easy operation, convenient usage with Windows style menu items and virtual instruments interface.
By lab test of the system, the new developed testing system reaches the requirements of specifics and measure precision. It also has lots of powerful testing and analysis functions.
测试系统采用分布式结构，基于先进的PXI总线技术，选用美国NI公司的14槽PXI-1044机架，高精度温度和电压记录板卡PXI-4351，动态信号采集卡PXI-4472B，M系列多功能采集卡PXI-6221、PXI-6225等数据采集板卡。软件开发基于LabVIEW开发平台，对测试信号进行时域、频域分析处理。
系统软件设计采用虚拟仪器设计理念，基于事件驱动的菜单编程、ActiveX技术、DataSocket技术和数据库技术，实现了测试数据在时域内的PI图、列表、棒图、趋势图显示和最大最小值等特征值分析；频域内的频谱图、幅值图、功率谱、轴心轨迹显示及分析；具有网络化数据传输，数据Excel保存与查询显示等功能。
测试系统具有友好的人机界面，除具有Windows软件的菜单操作外，还具有虚拟仪器风格，界面美观、操作简单，使用方便等优点。经实验室测试分析，系统满足技术指标要求，测试功能完善，运行可靠，具有高精度和高可靠性的特点。
The test system was developed to be used for turbine machine quality test which was used in some warship or steamship. The working status of the warship turbine machine and its auxiliary system was especial and strict because it works as main power machine and large-scale rotator. To ensure the quality of turbine system, the new developed test system measures more than two hundred channels of parameters, including water steam temperature, steam pressure, oil pressureoil flowage, turbine machine vibration displacement, vibration velocity, acceleration and speed of turbine rotation.
The test system used distributed architecture, based on the most advanced technology PXI, 14 slot PXI-1044 rack, high-precision temperature, voltage recorder PXI-435, dynamic signal acquisition card PXI-4472B and data acquisition device M series multifunction acquisition card PXI-6221, PXI-6225 and etc.
The system software was developed based on LabVIEW 8.20 version to realize signal acquisition, filter, process and analysis in time domain and frequency domain.
Utilizing the LabVIEW 8.20 version virtual instrument graphic program language as software developing platform, this system software was designed human-machine interface menu based on event-driven, ActiveX and DataSocket technique. The measured data were saved into real-time relationship database to realize the time-domain signal display including PI graph, list text, bar chart, signals Max. and Min. value, average value etc; signal frequency domain analysis functions including signal spectrogram, power spectrum, filter function realized by FFT algorithm. By webpage program, the measured data can be viewed and displayed through internet. The system also saves data into Excel for printing later or being proceed by other application software.
The test system has advantages of visual interface, easy operation, convenient usage with Windows style menu items and virtual instruments interface.
By lab test of the system, the new developed testing system reaches the requirements of specifics and measure precision. It also has lots of powerful testing and analysis functions.
引文
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2蒋东翔,倪维斗,于文虎等.大型汽轮发电机组远程在线监测分析与诊断网络系统[J].动力工程. 1999, 19(1): 49-52.
3 R.Jama, L.Wenzel. The Applicability of The Visual Programming Language LabVIEW to Large Real-World Applications. 11th International Ieee Symposium on Visual Languages, 2002.45-47
4 Ming-Dar Tsiaia, Ming-Shium Hsiehb, Shyan-Bin Joua. Virtual Reality Othopedic Surgery Simulator[J], Computers in Biology and Medicine. April, 2000
5 Stanislaw L Randzio. Transitiometry towards a Global Virtual Instrument Control And a Virtual Link Between Experiment and Module[J]. Thermochimica Acta. 2000
6 Nuccio Salvatore, Spataro Ciro. Assessment of Virtual Instruments Measurement Uncertainly[J], Computer Standards And Interfaces. Vol.23 Issue.1 March. 2001
7 B.O.Albedoor. Transient Torsional and Lateral Vibrations of Unbalanced Rotors with Rotor-To-Stator Rubbing. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 2000, (3): 627~645
8 J.S.Wu. Computer For Torsional and Flexure Coupled Forced Vibration of Shafting System With Damping. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 1995, (3): 306~324
9 Chasan Alexander, Gracik Thaomas. Protective Coatings Systems in Transition For U.S. Naval Ships. Steel Structures Painting Council, Pittsburgh, Pa, USA. 1996, (6):193~204
10杨叔子,故障诊断学原理,全国设备诊断技术学术会议95论文集[C],武汉: 1995, 1-6
11孙海军,蒋东翔,王风雨.基于LabVIEW的便携式数据采集分析与诊断系统[J].振动工程学报. 2000, 13(S): 290-294
12王少红,徐小力.虚拟仪器技术下的状态监测及趋势预示系统[J].北京机械工业学院学报. Vol.1759 No.1 2002
13雷振山.用虚拟仪器技术构建的振动测试系统[J].唐山高等专科学校学报. Vol.14 No.2 , 2001.
14 Mendlovic A C, Ozaktas H M, Fractional Fourier Transforms and Their Implementation. I.J.Opt.Soc.Amer.A. 1993, 10:1875-1881
15 Bernardo L M, Soates O D D. Fractional Fourier Transforms and Optical Systems. Opt. Commun. 1994, 110:517-522
16 L.R Rabiner And B. Gold, Theroy and Application of Digital Signal Processing, Chapter 6, Pp399-419, Prentice-Hall, Inc, Englewood Cliffs. N.J, 1975
17 Qiu Jianli, Guan Lijuan, Zou Suling. Application of Virtual Instrument Technology in High-Speed Parallel Data Acquisition System with Preprocessing. Proceedings of The International Symposium on Test and Measurement. 1999, 353-356.
18雷振山. LabVIEW 7 Express实用技术教程[M].中国铁道出版社. 2004
19陆颂元.汽轮发电机组振动.中国电力出版社[M]. 2000
20汪凤泉,郑万泔等.试验振动分析[M].江苏科学技术出版社. 1998
21刘君华等.基于LabVIEW的虚拟仪器的设计[M].电子工业出版社. 2002
22杨乐平等. LabVIEW高级程序设计[M].清华大学出版社. 2003
23吴国新,许宝杰.基于LabVIEW的虚拟仪器振动测试系统[J].北京机械工业学院学报. 2000.15(4)
24张令弥,张春宁,沈全林.动态信号分析系统的进展及应用.振动?测试与振动. 1992年12月,第13卷第4期: 40-46
25吴国新,许宝杰,朱春梅.基于LabVIEW的虚拟振动测试系统.北京机械工业学院学报. 2000年12月,第15卷第4期: 39-43
26杨明,杨志刚,林祖森.加速度计输出信号的信息组成.华北工学院学报. 2001年1月,第21卷第1期: 44-46
27陈敏,汤晓安.虚拟仪器软LabVIEW与数据采集.小星卫星计算机系统. 2001年4月,第22卷第4期:501-503
28张艾萍,金建国,李勇.基于虚拟仪器的汽轮机试验测试系统及应用.汽轮机技术. 2005年2月,第47卷第1期
29赵芙生,张金龙.汽轮机实时测试装置的研制.农机化研究. 2005年3月,第2期
30 Harrsion Lan. Thermal Analysis of Polymers Using Virtual Instruments[J].Thermochimica Acta. Vol.367-368 March 8.2001
31杨霞,蒋书波,程明霄,张丽,张玉华.基于PXI和LabVIEW的远程数据采集系统.工业仪表与自动化装置. 2006第2期
32徐一鸣.刘静宇.发动机转子振动信号虚拟测试系统.中国民航学院. 2004年6月,第22卷增刊
33许科军主编.信号处理技术.武汉理工大学出版社. 2001.11
34张贤达,现代信号处理[M].清华大学出版社. 1995
35李扬,郑莹娜,朱铮涛.图形化编程语言LabVIEW环境及其开放性[J].计算机工程. 1999, 25(4): 63-65
36高占凤,刘展威,燕延.图形化编程语言LabVIEW及其应用[J].河北省科学院学报. 2000, 17(3): 153-157
37龙志强,赵海龙.虚拟仪器测试技术研究[J].仪表技术. 2000, 17-19
38刘振祥.辅机振动信号采集分析和数据管理及传输系统研究[J].风机技术. 2002(6):40-43
39 B.J.Gaganis, A.K.Zisimopoulos, P.G.Nikolakopoulos and C.A.Papadopoulos. Response Calculation of Rotating Rotor-Bearing Systems Using a Simplified Modal Analysis. Department of Mechanical Engineering. University of Patras. 2003, (6): 102~105
40 Maria Cathy. Educational Application of Virtual Instruments Based on Reconfigrable Logic. Ieee International Conference on Microelectronic System Eduation. 2002.81-83
41 D.Lewis, M.O.P.Lisbon. A Graphical Interface To Link Virtual Instruments Through A Web Browser Xiii. Brazilian: Symposium on Computer Graphics And Image Processing. 1999.82-83
42张松梅,马孝江,宛宇.应用LabVIEW分析转子特征谱.现代制造工作. 2006年第2期
43 Changting Wang, Robert X. Gao. Ieee Transaction on Instrumention and Measurement: a Virtual Instrumentation System For Integrated Bearing Condition Monitoring. Vol:49, Iss:2, 2002: 325-323
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