移动协同的感知与自适应研究
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摘要
移动CSCW以其在任何时间任何地点都可工作的工作模式迅速引起关注并快速的发展。特别近几年来,无线通信技术和移动计算技术的发展,尤其3G(第三代数字通信技术,3rd Generation)无线通信网络及相关技术的研究和使用,使得移动CSCW有了更大的发展空间。
在移动协作中,由于协作成员有了更多的自主性,其位置不固定,所面临的环境和状况更具多样性。如何通过各种手段获得协作需要的相关信息,并给出合理及时的应对策略,是当前移动CSCW感知与自适应技术的主要研究内容。另外,对于协作本身来讲,如何根据已有的信息,对协作任务和协作人员进行合理化的配置、对协作流程进行有效的调整和控制,也是当前移动CSCW中协同感知与自适应技术的重要方面。本课题主要成果如下:
1)介绍了移动CSCW的发展背景,重要技术、典型的移动CSCW应用模型和移动协同感知敏感度;指出协同感知与自适应技术在移动CSCW研究中的重要地位。
2)定义了无线网络的连接状态,即强连接、弱连接、中断连接和无连接状态。针对有连接(强连接和弱连接)状态提出基于QoS的感知与适应方法,通过调整QoS值来调整未来连接的信息格式和发送策略;对间断连状态进行了分析,通过扩展协同服务器、客户端和GIOP引擎来实现FRTD机制。
3)移动CSCW的协作特点决定了协作成员位置的不确定性,因此成员的位置判定也成为移动协作的重要内容之一。本文对目前可采用的成员定位技术进行讨论,介绍了GPS的原理和基于运行商位置服务的典型定位算法,针对定位的两种信息格式提出了与协作系统的整合方案。
4)协作的任务分配和协作中事件处理也是课题研究的重要内容。本文提出了基于任务与角色的任务分配方案和事件处理方法,并针对移动协作过程中几个重要的典型情况进行分析,提出处理方案。
5)提出服务器多控制信息筛选算法和移动协同客户端显示组归并感知信息屏蔽技术,解决了服务器处理压力大和客户端显示受限制的问题。
最后提出移动协同感知与自适应框架,并在一个实际的系统中得以使用。
Mobile CSCW has been attended and developed by its work pattern of everywhere and every time. In recent years, Mobile CSCW has more expand space because of the development of wireless communication technology and mobile computing technology, especially the research and using of 3G(3rd Generation) wireless networks.
Mobile cooperative awareness and self-adaptation affects the whole process Mobile CSCW much. In Mobile CSCW, the members have more rights that their positions are not fixed, and the situation they faced is much more complicated. How to obtain the related information of cooperative requirements and make the reasonable and timely reply strategies are main content of present mobile CSCW awareness and self-adaption research. In addition, how reasonably match cooperative members and tasks, control and adjust for cooperative flow according to existing information is the important fact of cooperative awareness and adaptive technology in mobile CSCW.
This thesis studies on cooperative awareness and self-adaptation technology under mobile environment form many important facts such as behavior, role, environment and event. We introduce awareness and adaptation technology under the network-limited environment, cooperative member positioning, task allocation, event handling and cooperative awareness shielding technology.
We defined the connection states of wireless network as strong connection, weak connection, discontinuous connection and no connection, and then carrid out the methods of awareness and adaptation based on QoS when continuious connection state and rapid reconnection measurement when discontinuious connection state.
One of important studies of Mobile CSCW is how to position cooperative members, because the mobility of Mobile CSCW determines uncertainty of cooperative members'position. This paper discussed present cooperative member positioning technology, and introduces the theory of GPS and 3 typical positioning algorithms based on the position service.
Cooperation task allocation and event handling in cooperative work are important content of research. This thesis makes the task allocation project task and role and event handling method based on and disposal project by analyzing some important typical situation in mobile cooperative work process.
The filtering and shielding technology of awareness information are discussed in this paper.
Finally, a Mobile CSCW awareness and self-adaptation framework was built and used in an application system.
在移动协作中,由于协作成员有了更多的自主性,其位置不固定,所面临的环境和状况更具多样性。如何通过各种手段获得协作需要的相关信息,并给出合理及时的应对策略,是当前移动CSCW感知与自适应技术的主要研究内容。另外,对于协作本身来讲,如何根据已有的信息,对协作任务和协作人员进行合理化的配置、对协作流程进行有效的调整和控制,也是当前移动CSCW中协同感知与自适应技术的重要方面。本课题主要成果如下:
1)介绍了移动CSCW的发展背景,重要技术、典型的移动CSCW应用模型和移动协同感知敏感度;指出协同感知与自适应技术在移动CSCW研究中的重要地位。
2)定义了无线网络的连接状态,即强连接、弱连接、中断连接和无连接状态。针对有连接(强连接和弱连接)状态提出基于QoS的感知与适应方法,通过调整QoS值来调整未来连接的信息格式和发送策略;对间断连状态进行了分析,通过扩展协同服务器、客户端和GIOP引擎来实现FRTD机制。
3)移动CSCW的协作特点决定了协作成员位置的不确定性,因此成员的位置判定也成为移动协作的重要内容之一。本文对目前可采用的成员定位技术进行讨论,介绍了GPS的原理和基于运行商位置服务的典型定位算法,针对定位的两种信息格式提出了与协作系统的整合方案。
4)协作的任务分配和协作中事件处理也是课题研究的重要内容。本文提出了基于任务与角色的任务分配方案和事件处理方法,并针对移动协作过程中几个重要的典型情况进行分析,提出处理方案。
5)提出服务器多控制信息筛选算法和移动协同客户端显示组归并感知信息屏蔽技术,解决了服务器处理压力大和客户端显示受限制的问题。
最后提出移动协同感知与自适应框架,并在一个实际的系统中得以使用。
Mobile CSCW has been attended and developed by its work pattern of everywhere and every time. In recent years, Mobile CSCW has more expand space because of the development of wireless communication technology and mobile computing technology, especially the research and using of 3G(3rd Generation) wireless networks.
Mobile cooperative awareness and self-adaptation affects the whole process Mobile CSCW much. In Mobile CSCW, the members have more rights that their positions are not fixed, and the situation they faced is much more complicated. How to obtain the related information of cooperative requirements and make the reasonable and timely reply strategies are main content of present mobile CSCW awareness and self-adaption research. In addition, how reasonably match cooperative members and tasks, control and adjust for cooperative flow according to existing information is the important fact of cooperative awareness and adaptive technology in mobile CSCW.
This thesis studies on cooperative awareness and self-adaptation technology under mobile environment form many important facts such as behavior, role, environment and event. We introduce awareness and adaptation technology under the network-limited environment, cooperative member positioning, task allocation, event handling and cooperative awareness shielding technology.
We defined the connection states of wireless network as strong connection, weak connection, discontinuous connection and no connection, and then carrid out the methods of awareness and adaptation based on QoS when continuious connection state and rapid reconnection measurement when discontinuious connection state.
One of important studies of Mobile CSCW is how to position cooperative members, because the mobility of Mobile CSCW determines uncertainty of cooperative members'position. This paper discussed present cooperative member positioning technology, and introduces the theory of GPS and 3 typical positioning algorithms based on the position service.
Cooperation task allocation and event handling in cooperative work are important content of research. This thesis makes the task allocation project task and role and event handling method based on and disposal project by analyzing some important typical situation in mobile cooperative work process.
The filtering and shielding technology of awareness information are discussed in this paper.
Finally, a Mobile CSCW awareness and self-adaptation framework was built and used in an application system.
引文
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[3]Haken H.Synergetic Computers and Cognition-A Top-Down Approach to Neural Nets.Berlin Heidelberg:Springer-Verlag,1991.
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[23]赵越,李婕,张威,王光兴.无线分组网络中一种基于QoS的混合分组调度策略[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2007,(11).
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[25]SanKu J O,Cantrell P E.A Dynamic QoS Control Scheme for Video conferencing in Heterogeneous Internet[D].Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,Texas A&M University,USA,INET99,1999-06.
[26]Lynch N.Supporting Disconnected Operation in Mobile CORBA[D].University of Dublin Trinity College Dublin,1999-09.
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[28]罗维平,王东,吴雨川,向阳.GPS/GSM移动车辆定位技术及其应用[J].伺服控制,2006,(04).
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[33]常薇.软件GPS接收机的研究[D]中北大学,2007.
[34]徐彬辉,丁世杰.GSM定位业务概览[J]江苏通信技术,2002,(02).
[35]陈学.手机定位服务的发展问题和趋势[J].当代通信,2005,(17).
[36]李俊.GSM系统中的移动定位技术研究[D]国防科学技术大学,2002.
[37]李静.蜂窝网无线定位算法研究[D]山东大学,2005.
[38]金慧琴,鞠建波.蜂窝移动电话定位技术[J]电讯技术,2001,(02).
[39]顾群英,李文元,贺欢.基于时间测量的蜂窝网无线定位技术[J].现代电子技术,2007,(07).
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[2]Engelbart D.A Conceptual Framework for Augmentation of Man's Intellect.Washington.Sparten Books,1963.
[3]Haken H.Synergetic Computers and Cognition-A Top-Down Approach to Neural Nets.Berlin Heidelberg:Springer-Verlag,1991.
[4]Paul Luff,Christian Heath,Mobility in collaboration[C].Proceedings of the 1998 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work(p305-314).Seattle,Washington,United States.November 14-18,1998.
[5]史美林,李玉顺.Mobile CSCW.移动协同工作[C].第三届全国CSCW会议论文集.呼和浩特.2002,(7).
[6]鹿浩.移动计算技术及应用[J].湖北邮电技术,2001,(02).
[7]古志民,秦军.移动计算技术[J].兵工自动化,2001,(04).
[8]刘翔.移动计算技术及其应用[J].信息系统工程,2000,(11).
[9]顾冉.移动CSCW系统模型的研究与实现[J],中国科学院软件研究所,2004年5月,17-20.
[10]王文广.支持CSCW的分布式系统集成框架的研究与实现[D].硕士学位论文,中科院计算所,1998.
[11]Wang Yufei,Tan Ran.Design and Actualization of Cooperation Document Reviewing System based on Mobile CSCW[C].Proceedings of International Conference on Computer Science & Education.Wuhan,July,2007.
[12]YIN D S,,LU Y H,ZHANG F,etal.A new TCP-friendly congestion congtrol protocol for layered multicast[C].Proc of IASTED conference on Internet and Multimedia Systems and Applications.2006.
[13]黄奎,吴亦川,郑健平,吴志美.基于自适应加权平均的TCP友好拥塞控制机制[J].软件学报.2005(12).
[14]胡益锋,鲁东明,盛宇等.基于行为的移动协同感知模型研究[J].杭州.计算机科学,2005,11.
[15]Drury J,William SMG.A framework for role-based specification and evaluation of awareness support in synchronous collaborative applications[C].In:Proc.of the 11th IEEE Int'1 Workshops on Enabling Technologies(WETICE 2002).Pittsburgh:IEEE Press,2002.12-17.
[16]Benford SD,Fahlen LE.A spatial model of interaction in large virtual environments[C].In:Proc.of the 3rd European Conf.on C SCW(ECSCW'93).Milan:Kluwer Academic Publishers,1993.109-124.
[17]Rodden T.Populating the application:A model of awareness for cooperative applications[C].In:Proc.of the ACM CSCW'96 Conf.on Computer Supported Cooperative Work.Boston:ACM Press,1996.87-96.
[18]C.Steinfield,C.Jang,B.Pfaff.Supporting virtual team collaboration:The TeamSCOPE system[C].In the Proceedings of the Group99 Conference,Phoenix,November,1999.
[19]K.Schmidt.The Problem with Awareness[J].in Computer Supported Cooperative Work.vol.11,nos.3/4,pp.285-298.2002.
[20]Gutwin,C.,Greenberg,S.A Descriptive Framework of Workspace Awareness for Real-Time Groupware[J].Computer Supported Cooperative Work,2002,11:411-446.
[21]林建明,陈庆章,赵小敏,吕灵燕.CSCW系统中群体感知技术的研究[J].计算机工程,2001,(09).
[22]Constantinos Papadopoulos.Improving Awareness in Mobile CSCW.in IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.2006[5].
[23]赵越,李婕,张威,王光兴.无线分组网络中一种基于QoS的混合分组调度策略[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2007,(11).
[24]肖健,孙济洲,涂子琰.CSCW系统中服务质量模型的设计.天津:计算机工程.2004[15].
[25]SanKu J O,Cantrell P E.A Dynamic QoS Control Scheme for Video conferencing in Heterogeneous Internet[D].Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,Texas A&M University,USA,INET99,1999-06.
[26]Lynch N.Supporting Disconnected Operation in Mobile CORBA[D].University of Dublin Trinity College Dublin,1999-09.
[27]周珺.GPS车辆定位系统的现状与未来[J].中国安防产品信息,2004,(03).
[28]罗维平,王东,吴雨川,向阳.GPS/GSM移动车辆定位技术及其应用[J].伺服控制,2006,(04).
[29]Kaplan,E.D.Understanding GPS Principles and Applications[J].Norwood,MA:Artech House,1996.
[30]Parkinson,B.W,Spilker,J.J.Jr.Global Positioning System:Theory and Applications[D].Washington DC:American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics,1996,vols.1and2.
[31]常青,高晖,柳重堪,张其善.GPS定位算法研究[J].遥测遥控,1998,(05).
[32]陆明刚,徐斌,房彩云.车辆导航定位系统GPS接收机的原理与研制[J].现代机械,2007,(02).
[33]常薇.软件GPS接收机的研究[D]中北大学,2007.
[34]徐彬辉,丁世杰.GSM定位业务概览[J]江苏通信技术,2002,(02).
[35]陈学.手机定位服务的发展问题和趋势[J].当代通信,2005,(17).
[36]李俊.GSM系统中的移动定位技术研究[D]国防科学技术大学,2002.
[37]李静.蜂窝网无线定位算法研究[D]山东大学,2005.
[38]金慧琴,鞠建波.蜂窝移动电话定位技术[J]电讯技术,2001,(02).
[39]顾群英,李文元,贺欢.基于时间测量的蜂窝网无线定位技术[J].现代电子技术,2007,(07).
[40]刘平,李国民.一种用于井下人员定位的TOA定位算法研究[J].西安科技大学学报,2007,(03).
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