基于神经网络的煤矿安全综合评价模型研究
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摘要
本文首先分析了我国煤矿安全现状,论述了开展煤矿安全综合评价的必要性,然后在事故致因理论的基础上,结合煤矿生产系统复杂多样的特点,用事故树分析法、人-机-环境分析法和层次分析法三种常用方法构建煤矿安全指标分析模型,以此作为分析煤矿安全综合评价指标的工具。
通过煤矿安全指标分析模型得到煤矿安全评价综合指标体系,将其纵向分为目标层、中间层和因素层三个层次,横向则划分为人员素质因素、生产装备因素、生产环境因素和安全管理因素四个方面总共34个指标。
介绍了神经网络的结构、算法等内容,对BP神经网络的学习算法所存在的局部最小问题,采用附加动量法进行了改进,利用改进后的BP神经网络建立煤矿安全综合评价模型,确定了模型为三层(34-14-5)结构,采用MATLAB中的神经网络工具箱进行编程,在计算机中实现了煤矿安全综合评价神经网络模型的建立。采用国内比较具有代表性的20个实例样本对神经网络进行训练,对训练过程中误差函数存在收敛慢的问题,在附加动量法的基础上采用自适应调整步长的方法进行改进,最后通过该模型对义马煤业集团公司下属耿村、常村等矿进行评价,其结果与实际情况相符,说明该模型成功建立起影响因素和煤矿安全状况之间复杂的非线性映射关系,具有一定的实用价值。
随着样本库的逐渐充实,该模型的评价结果会越来越精确,其应用价值也会越来越高。
Firstly, this paper analyzes the status quo of Chinese coal mine safety, and it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive evaluation for coal mine. Based on safety accident causation theory and the complexity of coal mine system, three methods which commonly used in safety analysis, fault tree analysis, Human-Machine-Environment analysis and analytic hierarchy process, are synthesized to build the indicators analysis model of coal mine safety, by which we could get the factors that affect safety status of coal mine.
Through the analysis model, indicators system is built, which is vertically divided into the target layer, middle layer and indicators layer. And in the indicators layer, there are 34 indicators horizontally ranging in four areas, the personnel quality part, equipment part, environmental factors and safety management part.
Then make an introduction of the neural networks' structure, algorithms and so on, for the existence of local minimum of the BP neural network learning algorithm, this paper adopt an additional momentum method to improve it's efficiency. Then use the improved BP neural network model to build comprehensive evaluation model of coal mine safety with three layers of 34-14-5 structure, and program the model in the computer by the neural network toolbox of MATLAB. After that, train the neural network with 20 representative samples, we find out that it is slowly the training error function curve converges, then the method of self-adaptively adjusting steps is obtained in the paper.
Finally, five instances of Yima Coal Industry Group are used for simulation, and the result shows that the model has successfully established the complex nonlinear mapping relationship between safety indicators and the actual safety situation of the mines.
With the abundance of the sample library in future, this model will get more accurate evaluation results, and its application value will be enhanced.
通过煤矿安全指标分析模型得到煤矿安全评价综合指标体系,将其纵向分为目标层、中间层和因素层三个层次,横向则划分为人员素质因素、生产装备因素、生产环境因素和安全管理因素四个方面总共34个指标。
介绍了神经网络的结构、算法等内容,对BP神经网络的学习算法所存在的局部最小问题,采用附加动量法进行了改进,利用改进后的BP神经网络建立煤矿安全综合评价模型,确定了模型为三层(34-14-5)结构,采用MATLAB中的神经网络工具箱进行编程,在计算机中实现了煤矿安全综合评价神经网络模型的建立。采用国内比较具有代表性的20个实例样本对神经网络进行训练,对训练过程中误差函数存在收敛慢的问题,在附加动量法的基础上采用自适应调整步长的方法进行改进,最后通过该模型对义马煤业集团公司下属耿村、常村等矿进行评价,其结果与实际情况相符,说明该模型成功建立起影响因素和煤矿安全状况之间复杂的非线性映射关系,具有一定的实用价值。
随着样本库的逐渐充实,该模型的评价结果会越来越精确,其应用价值也会越来越高。
Firstly, this paper analyzes the status quo of Chinese coal mine safety, and it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive evaluation for coal mine. Based on safety accident causation theory and the complexity of coal mine system, three methods which commonly used in safety analysis, fault tree analysis, Human-Machine-Environment analysis and analytic hierarchy process, are synthesized to build the indicators analysis model of coal mine safety, by which we could get the factors that affect safety status of coal mine.
Through the analysis model, indicators system is built, which is vertically divided into the target layer, middle layer and indicators layer. And in the indicators layer, there are 34 indicators horizontally ranging in four areas, the personnel quality part, equipment part, environmental factors and safety management part.
Then make an introduction of the neural networks' structure, algorithms and so on, for the existence of local minimum of the BP neural network learning algorithm, this paper adopt an additional momentum method to improve it's efficiency. Then use the improved BP neural network model to build comprehensive evaluation model of coal mine safety with three layers of 34-14-5 structure, and program the model in the computer by the neural network toolbox of MATLAB. After that, train the neural network with 20 representative samples, we find out that it is slowly the training error function curve converges, then the method of self-adaptively adjusting steps is obtained in the paper.
Finally, five instances of Yima Coal Industry Group are used for simulation, and the result shows that the model has successfully established the complex nonlinear mapping relationship between safety indicators and the actual safety situation of the mines.
With the abundance of the sample library in future, this model will get more accurate evaluation results, and its application value will be enhanced.
引文
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