铁路运输应急救援体系研究
|
摘要
对铁路运输突发事件的应急救援组织与科学决策是保证铁路运输安全的一项重要工作。本论文力图以铁路运输突发事件应急救援为研究对象,探索构建铁路运输突发事件应急救援体系并对体系中的关键问题进行深入研究,按照铁道部“利用多种应急手段,共享各类信息资源,快速反映、科学决策、综合指挥、实现跨部门、跨区域、跨社会的联合救援行动”的要求创新应急救援体系,在深化铁路运输应急救援组织管理的理念,提高应急救援的决策支持水平,加强应急救援物资管理与调度、提高应急通信保障等方面提供有益的探索。
铁路运输突发事件应急救援体系作为由专业知识、管理方法、行为规范和实施机构组成的有机结合体,能够实施完成各种应对突发事件的方案和措施,可以实现完善的信息管理系统和专家决策支持。它涉及突发事件应急管理平时状态、警戒状态、运作过程和事后处置的一整套解决方案,也涉及到组织、指挥、物资、通信、信息平台、资金、信息管理、社会力量和法制等方方面面,这些因素都影响铁路运输突发事件应急救援体系的建设与正常运行。
本文从构建铁路运输突发事件应急救援体系的角度出发,通过实证调查,从系统论的观点出发研究铁路运输突发事件应急体系建设,建立能够符合现代铁路运输突发事件管理的应急救援体系,并对其中的组织管理、应急救援决策支持系统、应急救援物资管理、应急救援通信保障四个核心问题进行了深入研究,其结论对于构建完善的铁路运输应急体系具有直接指导价值,对于提高铁路运输突发事件应急救援管理水平具有现实意义。
本论文完成的主要工作与成果如下：
(1)通过较为全面的文献检索与查询,把握国内外相关学科研究。从相关研究成果来看,现有研究对于铁路运输突发事件应急救援体系的建设缺少指导作用,目前尚缺少系统进行铁路运输应急救援体系及其关键环节的研究；
(2)对我国铁路运输应急救援状况进行了实证调查与分析。通过对应急救援组织管理、应急救援决策支持系统、应急救援物资管理、应急救援通信保障、资金与监督制度管理、应急救援信息管理、社会力量和参与群众管理、法制管理等九个方面的现状的调查分析,归纳出我国铁路应急救援体系的核心内容与框架模型;
(3)提出了构建铁路运输突发事件应急救援的核心框架,并对应急救援组织管理、应急救援决策支持系统、应急救援物资管理、应急救援通信保障等四个关键问题进行了深入研究；
(4)建立了一系列的数学处理模型。即铁路运输突发事件应急救援体系模型,铁路运输应急救援指挥决策系统(IDSS)中基于CBR以及RBR的决策推理模型,基于模糊聚类算法的应急救援物资分类模型,基于最短路径算法的救援物资储备位置确定模型,基于Dijkstra最短路算法的应急救援物资车辆调度优化路径算法模型。
The emergency rescue organizations and scientific decision-making of railway traffic accidents is an important work. The railway emergency rescue system,as the research object, was constructed and the key problems which in the system were researched further in this dissertation. According to the requirement of "use various emergency methods, share kinds of information resources, quick reaction, scientific decision-making, integrated command and realize the trans-department, trans-regional, cross-societal combined relief operations"to innovate the emergency rescue system.Beneficial exploration was done for deepening the organizational management idea and improving the decision-making level of railway emergency rescue, for strengthening the material management and scheduling, and for improving security of emergency information.
Railway emergency rescue system, as the organic combination of professional knowledge, management methods, behaviour norms and implement organization, can improve the system of information management and expert decision support. It involves the usually state, alert, operation process and afterwards disposal solution in the emergency management process,and also involves organization,direction, materials, communication, information platform, capital, information management, social forces, legal financial aspects and so on,which all influencing the railway construction and normal operation of emergency rescue system.
Form the standpoint of constructing the railway emergency system,and according to the empirical survey, the railway emergency system was constructed by the system theory in this dissertation,which correspond with the modern railway management.The emergency organizational management, emergency decision support system, emergency relief supplies management,and emergency communication ensure,as the four key problems, were deeply researched. The conclusion has direct guiding value to constructing the perfect railway emergency system,and has practical significance to improve the management level of railway emergency rescue.
The main work and achievements was accomplished in this dissertation as follows:
(1)Through the comprehensive literature retrieval and query, the domestic and foreign relevant discipline research was grasped. From the relevant research results, the existing research lacks direction function to construct railway emergency rescue system, the research of railway emergency system and the key link was still relatively lack.
(2) The condition of railway emergency rescue in China was empirical surveyed and analysed. After the research of rescue organizational management, emergency decision support systems, emergency relief supplies management, emergency communications security, funds and supervision regulation management, emergency information management, social forces and participated masses management, and legal management, the core content and framework model of railway emergency rescue system was concluded.
(3)The core framework of railway emergency rescue was constructed in this dissertation.The organizational management, emergency decision support systems, emergency relief supplies management and emergency rescue communication security was studied in the dissertation.
(4)Series of mathematical processing model was established, such as railway emergency rescue system model, decision-making and reasoning model of railway emergency rescue Integrated Decision Support System(IDSS) based on CBR and RBR, the emergency relief supplies classification model based on fuzzy clustering algorithm, the relief supplies reserves located model based on the shortest path algorithm, emergency relief supplies vehicle scheduling optimization path algorithm model based on the Dijkstra shortest path algorithm.
铁路运输突发事件应急救援体系作为由专业知识、管理方法、行为规范和实施机构组成的有机结合体,能够实施完成各种应对突发事件的方案和措施,可以实现完善的信息管理系统和专家决策支持。它涉及突发事件应急管理平时状态、警戒状态、运作过程和事后处置的一整套解决方案,也涉及到组织、指挥、物资、通信、信息平台、资金、信息管理、社会力量和法制等方方面面,这些因素都影响铁路运输突发事件应急救援体系的建设与正常运行。
本文从构建铁路运输突发事件应急救援体系的角度出发,通过实证调查,从系统论的观点出发研究铁路运输突发事件应急体系建设,建立能够符合现代铁路运输突发事件管理的应急救援体系,并对其中的组织管理、应急救援决策支持系统、应急救援物资管理、应急救援通信保障四个核心问题进行了深入研究,其结论对于构建完善的铁路运输应急体系具有直接指导价值,对于提高铁路运输突发事件应急救援管理水平具有现实意义。
本论文完成的主要工作与成果如下：
(1)通过较为全面的文献检索与查询,把握国内外相关学科研究。从相关研究成果来看,现有研究对于铁路运输突发事件应急救援体系的建设缺少指导作用,目前尚缺少系统进行铁路运输应急救援体系及其关键环节的研究；
(2)对我国铁路运输应急救援状况进行了实证调查与分析。通过对应急救援组织管理、应急救援决策支持系统、应急救援物资管理、应急救援通信保障、资金与监督制度管理、应急救援信息管理、社会力量和参与群众管理、法制管理等九个方面的现状的调查分析,归纳出我国铁路应急救援体系的核心内容与框架模型;
(3)提出了构建铁路运输突发事件应急救援的核心框架,并对应急救援组织管理、应急救援决策支持系统、应急救援物资管理、应急救援通信保障等四个关键问题进行了深入研究；
(4)建立了一系列的数学处理模型。即铁路运输突发事件应急救援体系模型,铁路运输应急救援指挥决策系统(IDSS)中基于CBR以及RBR的决策推理模型,基于模糊聚类算法的应急救援物资分类模型,基于最短路径算法的救援物资储备位置确定模型,基于Dijkstra最短路算法的应急救援物资车辆调度优化路径算法模型。
The emergency rescue organizations and scientific decision-making of railway traffic accidents is an important work. The railway emergency rescue system,as the research object, was constructed and the key problems which in the system were researched further in this dissertation. According to the requirement of "use various emergency methods, share kinds of information resources, quick reaction, scientific decision-making, integrated command and realize the trans-department, trans-regional, cross-societal combined relief operations"to innovate the emergency rescue system.Beneficial exploration was done for deepening the organizational management idea and improving the decision-making level of railway emergency rescue, for strengthening the material management and scheduling, and for improving security of emergency information.
Railway emergency rescue system, as the organic combination of professional knowledge, management methods, behaviour norms and implement organization, can improve the system of information management and expert decision support. It involves the usually state, alert, operation process and afterwards disposal solution in the emergency management process,and also involves organization,direction, materials, communication, information platform, capital, information management, social forces, legal financial aspects and so on,which all influencing the railway construction and normal operation of emergency rescue system.
Form the standpoint of constructing the railway emergency system,and according to the empirical survey, the railway emergency system was constructed by the system theory in this dissertation,which correspond with the modern railway management.The emergency organizational management, emergency decision support system, emergency relief supplies management,and emergency communication ensure,as the four key problems, were deeply researched. The conclusion has direct guiding value to constructing the perfect railway emergency system,and has practical significance to improve the management level of railway emergency rescue.
The main work and achievements was accomplished in this dissertation as follows:
(1)Through the comprehensive literature retrieval and query, the domestic and foreign relevant discipline research was grasped. From the relevant research results, the existing research lacks direction function to construct railway emergency rescue system, the research of railway emergency system and the key link was still relatively lack.
(2) The condition of railway emergency rescue in China was empirical surveyed and analysed. After the research of rescue organizational management, emergency decision support systems, emergency relief supplies management, emergency communications security, funds and supervision regulation management, emergency information management, social forces and participated masses management, and legal management, the core content and framework model of railway emergency rescue system was concluded.
(3)The core framework of railway emergency rescue was constructed in this dissertation.The organizational management, emergency decision support systems, emergency relief supplies management and emergency rescue communication security was studied in the dissertation.
(4)Series of mathematical processing model was established, such as railway emergency rescue system model, decision-making and reasoning model of railway emergency rescue Integrated Decision Support System(IDSS) based on CBR and RBR, the emergency relief supplies classification model based on fuzzy clustering algorithm, the relief supplies reserves located model based on the shortest path algorithm, emergency relief supplies vehicle scheduling optimization path algorithm model based on the Dijkstra shortest path algorithm.
引文
[1]Rasbash D.J. Fire in the United States: Second Edition, Published by Federal Emergency Management Agency, (FEMA),1982PP.181[J].Fire Safety Journal,1983,5(2):172-174.
[2]Paul A. Erickson. FEMA Emergency Management'Guide for Business and Industry[J].Emergeney Response Planning,1999:423-468.
[3]Peter Brewster. Disaster/Emergency Management Programs[J].Disaster Medicine(First Edition),2006:108-111.
[4]John C.Pine. Emergency management and the law: liability issues in the United States [J].Safety Science,1995,20(1):145-152.
[5]秦勇,王卓,贾利民.轨道交通应急管理系统体系框架及应用研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2007,17(1)：57-65.
[6]曲思源,张光远.铁路行车安全保障体系实施框架研究[J].铁路运输与经济,2003,25(11)：52-54.
[7]刘仍奎,程晓卿,孙全欣.铁路事故救援系统的构建研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2004,14(20)：43-47.
[8]徐建光.我国铁路突发事件应急管理体系研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2010.
[9]谢素华.论我国公路交通应急及运输保障体系的建设[J].公路交通科技,2008,25(9)：153-158.
[10]蒋珩,余廉.区域突发公共事件应急联动组织体系研究[J].武汉理工大学学报,2007,20(5)：595-598.
[11]李颖.我国高速公路突发事件应急管理体系研究[J].南京：南京理工大学,2010.
[12]闪淳昌,黄敏.中国应急管理及运行模式[J].北京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版),201(),23(2)：22-26.
[13]韩智勇,翁义国,张维等.重大研究计划_非常规突发事件应急管理研究的科学背景、目标与组织管理[J].中国科学基金.2009(4).
[14]Gorry G A.Seott Morton M S. A framework for management information system[J].Sloan Management Review,1971,13(1):55-70
[15](美) Raymond McLeod, Jr.:GeorgeSchell著,张成洪等译.管理息系统[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2009.
[16]G.L.L. Reniers et al. Decision support systems for major accident Prevention in the chemieal Proeess industry:A developers'survey[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process in the process industries,2006(19):604-620.
[17]Bonezek R K, Holsapple C W. Whinston A B.Foundation of decision support Systems[M]. New York:Academies Press,1981.
[1H]KuhlmannT, Lamping R, Massow C. Intelligent decision support[J].Journal of Materials processing Technology,1998,76(1):257-260.
[19]IftikharU.Sikder. Knowledge-based spatial decision support systems: An assessment of Environmental adaptability of crops[J]. Expert Systems with Applications,2009,36(3):5341-5347.
[20]Tim Hill, William Remus. Neural network models for intelligent support of managerial decision making[J].Decision Support systems,1994,11(5):449-459.
[21]Tugba Efendigil, Semih Onut, Cengiz Kahraman. A decision support system for demand Forecasting with artificial neural networks and neuro-fuzzy models:A comparative analysis[J]. Expert Systems with Applications,2009,36(3):6697-6707.
[22]Matthias Kluseb. Information agent technology for internet: a survey[J].Data & Knowledge Engineering,2001,36(3):337-372.
[23]Johnny S.K.Wong.ArminR.Mikler.Intelligent mobile agents in large distributed autonomous cooperative systems[J].The Journal of Systems and Software,1999,47(2,3):75-87.
[24]吕保和,王明贤,肖建兰等.我国高速公路交通事故应急救援体系的构建[J].(中国安全科学学报,2006,16(7)：76-78.
[25]张荣梅,周义,涂序彦.交通事故处理智能决策支持系统(YCIDSS)[J].计算机应用,2002,22(9)：60-62.
[26]王英杰,周慧娟,卢文龙.青藏铁路救援指挥系统的研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2006,16(4)：81-85.
[27]李小平,唐士晟.铁路救援指挥中IDSS的构建方法研究[J].铁道学报,2008,30(5)：20-24.
[28]陈虎,李小平.铁路行车事故救援空间智能决策支持系统的研究[J].中国铁路,2008(11)：44-47.
[29]王林泽,陈昭明.铁路行车事故救援智能辅助决策系统研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2004,14(1)：22-24.
[30]廖,军洪,刘仍奎.基于GIS的铁路行车事故救援系统研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2003,13(11)：5-8.
[31]Janez Sturm.Geographical Information System of Slovenian Railways Co[OL].
[32]E2Business Infrastructure Maintenance Community[J].IRJ.2000.(8):19-20.
[33]Keith J Watson.Use of Computer Database to Manipulate Safety Information[C].Computers in Railways VI:93-102.
[34]Infrarail Track Show Opens in London[J].IRJ,2001,(9):41-52.
[35]GIS Based Railway Network Information System[OL].
[36]Chen Daqiang. Study on Optimal Decision Models for Emergency Material Allocation with Systemic Characteristics Analysis[D].ZheJiang.2010.
[37]闪淳昌.建立突发公共事件以及机制的探讨[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2005(2)：24-26.
[38]赵林度.基于危机资源管理的城市安全以及网络研究[J].中国应急救援,2008(5)：28-31.
[39]辜勇.面向重大突发事件的区域应急物资储备与调度研究[D].武汉.2009.
[40]张文峰.应急物资储备模式及其储备量研究[D].北京.2010.
[41]谢欢.应急物流中的优化储备问题研究[D].成都.2009.
[42]王鹏.基于聚类分析和模糊评价的应急物资储备分类研究[D].北京.2010.
[43]周礼胜.基于模糊层次分析法和信息熵的应急物资库存管理研究[D].北京.2010.
[44]ReVelle C S, Eiselt. H A. Location Analysis: A Synthesis and Survey[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2005(1):1-19.
[45]Daskin M S. A Maximal Expected Set Covering Location Model:Formulation, Properties, and Heuristic Solution[J].Transportation Science,1983(17):48-69.
[46]Mamoon Jamil etal.The Stochastic Queue Center Problem[J].Computers & Operations Researeh, 1999,26(14):1423-1436.
[47]方磊,何建敏.城r市应急系统优化选址决策模型和算法[J].管理科学学报,2005,8(1)：12-16.
[48]Balacik,B.M.Humanitarian relief chains:issues and challenges. Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Computers and Industrial Engineering,2004,867-892.
[49]G.elay Barbarosoglu, et al. An Interactive Approach for Hierarchical Analysis of Helicopter Logistics in Disaster Relief Opreatuibs[J].European Journal of Operational Research, 2004(14):118-133.
[50]G.clay Barbarosoglu, et al. Arda Y. A Two-stage Stochastic Programming Framework for Transportation Planning in Disaster Response[J].Journal of Operational Research Society, 2004(55):43-53.
[51]Wang Wei,Liu Mao,Wang Li. The Dynamic Optimal Method of Emergency Resources Deployment Planning Based on Markov Decision Processes [J].Center for Urban Public Safety Research, Nankai University,2010,43(3):18-23.
[52]Barbarosoglu G,Arda Y.A two-stage stochastic programming framework for transportation planning in disaster response, Journal of the Operational Research Society,2004,55(1):43-53.
[53]Equi L, Gallo GMarziale S.A Combined Transportation and scheduling Problem[R].Pisa,Italy Working Paper.Italy:Pisa University,1998:523-538.
[54]Ozdamar L, Ekinci E, Kucukyazici B. Emergency logistics planning in natural disasters [J], Annals of Operations Research,2004,129(1-4):217-245.
[55]WANG H-S.A food distribution model for famine relief[J], omputer and Industrial Engineering,1999,37(1/2):35-338.
[56]Chen A,Ji Z.Path finding under uncertainty. Journal of Advanced Transportation,2005,39(1):19-37.
[57]缪成,吴启迪,许维胜等.突发灾害下可靠路径搜索模型与算法[J].计算机工程与应用,2007,43(28)：卜3.
[58]杨继君,许维胜,冯云生等.基于多模式分层网络的应急资源调度模型[J].计算机工程,2009,35(10)：21-24.
[59]张婧,申世飞,杨锐.基于偏好序的多事故应急资源调配博弈模型[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2007,47(12)：2172-2175.
[60]U.Gupta and N.Ranganathan,"Multievent crisis management using noncooperative multistep games,"IEEE Transactions on Computers,ovl.56,pp.577-589,May 2007.
[61]Shetty S R.An event driven single game solution for resource allocation in a multi-crisis environment[D].Tampa:Univ South Florida,2004.
[62]张杰,王志勇,许维胜等.面向突发事件的应急资源调度模型的构建和求解[J].工程与应用,201(),9：1-7.
[63]龙京,黄钢,王孟钧,张彦春.铁路应急物资储备点选址[J].交通运输工程学报,2011,11(1)：77-78.
[64]王军.铁路重大突发事件应急资源优化调配问题的研究[D].北京.2007.
[65]何建敏,刘春林，曹杰等.应急管理与应急系统——选址、调度与算法[M].北京：科学出版社.2005.7.
[66]郭瑞鹏.应急物资动员决策的方法与模型研究[D].北京.2006.8.
[67]骆月明,张湛.提高应急通信保障能力的手段[J].通信企业管理,2007,12：68-69.
[68]王玉峰,孟苏英,刘英.应急通信保障情况综合处理平台研究[J].无线电通信技术,2009,：35(3)：55-58.
[69]张雪丽.应急通信技术体系及标准化问题探讨[J].现代电信科技,2009,2：25-28.
[70]铁道部运输局基础部.铁路信息化专项规划——行车安全监控救援指挥系统(RCs)报审稿[R].2005.11.
[71]周晓利,应急物流总应急物资管理问题研究[J].现代商贸管理,2010(18),,41-42.
[72]王文峰,郭波,刘新亮.多级覆盖设施选址问题建模及求解方法研究[J].中国管理科学,2007,15(增)：144-148.
[73]方磊,何建敏.综合AHP和目标规划方法的应急系统选址规划模型[J].系统工程理论与实践,2003,23(12)：116-120.
[74]张静,刘茂.广义最大覆盖模型在消防站优化选址中的应用[J].安全与环境学报,2009,9(1)：169-172.
[75]于瑛英,池宏,祁明亮等.应急管理中资源布局评估与调整的模型和算法[J].系统工程,2008,26(2)：75-81.
[76]赵远飞,陈国华.基于改进逼近理想解排序(TOPSIS)法的应急系统优化选址模型研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2008,18(9)：22-28.
[77]范维澄,国家突发公共事件应急管理中科学问题的思考和建议[J].中国科学基金,2007：71-76.
[78]计雷,池宏等.突发事件应急管理[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2006.10.
[79]师立晨,曾明荣,魏利军.事故应急救援指挥中心组织架构和运行机制探讨[J].安全与环境学报,2005,5(2)：115-118.
[80]陈昭明,王林泽,马林.铁路事故救援辅助决策系统的研究[J].铁道学报,2004,26(5)：8-12.
[81]李岁永,铁路应急通信综合传输系统设计探析[J].信息技术,2010,14(37).
[82]陈安,上官艳秋,倪慧荟.现代应急管理体制设计研究[J].中国行政管理,2008(8)：81-85.
[83]陈安,赵燕.我国应急管理的进展与趋势[J].安全,2007(4)：1-4.
[84]陈安,朱书瑞.我国应急管理的背景与发展[J].安全,2007(4)：1-4.
[85]万鹏飞,于秀明.北京市应急管理体制的现状与决策分析[J].公共管理评论,2006(4)：41-65.
[86]刘尚亮,沈惠璋,李峰等.我国突发事件应急管理体系构建研究[J].科技管理研究,2010(19)：202-206.
[87]王家峰.组织管理中的科层与激励制度化[J].现代管理科学,2004(3)：86-87.
[88]肖鹏英.危机管理[M].广州：华南理工大学出版社,2008.1.
[89]罗云,攀运晓,马晓春.风险分析与安全评价[M].北京化学工业出版社,2004：24-25.
[90]邹云.非常状态下应急控制稳定评估理论[J].江苏大学学报(自然科学版),2004,25(2)：132-136.
[91]郭亚军.综合评价理论与方法[M].北京科学出版社,2002,8：45-49.
[92]中华人民共和国铁道部.铁路信息化总体规划[J].铁路信息,2005(4).
[93]章宁.基于案例的信息系统总体设计方法研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2007,43(1)：225-228.
[94]Liao S H. Expert system methodologies and applications—ade-cade review from 1995 to 2004[J].Expert Systems with Appli-cations.2005,28(1):93-103.
[95]刘清Rough集及Rough推理[M].北京：科学出版社,2001.
[96]段军,耿瑞平,涂序彦.基于Rough集和神经网络的CBR快捷检索方法[J].计算机工程与应用,2003(3)：25-27.
[97]杨涛,李龙澍.一钟粗糙集聚类的数据约简算法[J].系统仿真学报,2004,16(10)：2195-2200.
[98]李荣钧.模糊决策的基础---模糊集比较与排序[J].控制与决策,2003,18(2)：221-224.
[99]周美立.相似性科学[M].北京：科学出版社,2004.
[100]成安,陈宁,倪慧荟.现代应急管理理论与方法[M].北京：科学出版社，2009.
[101]张毅.基于自然灾害的救灾物资物流决策理论与方法研究[D].西安.2008.
[102]唐伟勤,张敏,张隐.大规模突发事件应急物资调度的过程模型[J].中国安全科学学报,2009,19(1)：：33-37.
[103]姜玉宏,颇华,欧忠文等.应急物流中应急物资的管理研究[J].物流技术,2007(6),17-19.
[104]方静.我国应急物流系统构建探析[J].交通企业管理,2008(8)：1-3.
[105]张毅.基于自然灾害的救灾物资物流决策理论与方法研究[D].西安.2008.
[106]刘丽娜,刘宏志.城市应急救援物资运输分配模型的构建与求解[J].计算机工程应用技术,2011：140-142.
[107]郭子雪,奇美然.模糊环境下的应急物资储备库选址模型及算法[J].计算机工程与应用,2010：214-216.
[108]王玫玫.铁路应急通信系统的技术研究[J].中国科技信息,2010,19：296-297.
[109]冷雪峰.铁路应急通信“117”系统的优化改造[J].铁道通信信号,2005,41(6)：40-41.
[110]佘洪光.浅谈铁路应急抢险通信方式及运用[J].铁道通信信号,2005,41(1)：44-45.
[111]张维宏.铁路事故现场图像光纤传输系统.铁道知识,1995(3)：21-24.
[112]薛瑞民.铁路事故救援静止图像传输处理(网络)系统.铁道通信信号,2000,36(5)：5-7.
[113]王令朝.铁路事故抢险救灾通信系统.上海铁道科技,1997(1)：42-44.
[114]滕祖德.铁路安全救援无线视频指挥系统研究.铁道机车车辆工人,2008(4)：9-13.
[115]赵静,史天运,李平.便携式铁路移动应急平台的设计与实现[J].铁道运输与经济,2010,32(17)：41-47.
[116]马四双.浅谈铁路应急通信中静图传输的解决办法[J].铁道通信信号，2004,40(3)：41.
[117]张伟华.铁路应急通信综合传输系统的研究与设计[D].成都.2003.
[118]王林凤.大准铁路应急通信系统技术方案[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2008(17)：88-89.
[119]倪慧军.卫星通信在铁路应急通信中的应用探讨[J],2007,43(10)：33-35.
[120]Weinstein SB, Ebert PM. Data transmission by frequency division multiplexing using the discrete Fourier transform. IEEE Transaction Communication,1971,19(5):625-634.
[121]S Hara,R Prasad. Multicarrier Techniques for 4G Mobile Communications. Boston, London: Artech House,2003:27-41
[122]Doeltz M L, Heald E T, Martin D L. Binary data transmission techniques for linear systems. In:Proc. IRE.1957. Vol.45:656-661
[123]Mosier R R,Clabaugh R G. Kineplex, a bandwidth efficient binary transmission system. AIEE Trans.1958, Vol.76:723-728
[124]Chang R W. Synthesis of band-limited orthogonal signals for multichannel data transmission. Bell Syst. Tech. Journal,1966, Vol.45:1775-1796
[125]Saltzberg B R. Performance of an efficient parallel data transmission system. IEEE Transactions on Communications,1967, Vol.15:805-811
[126]Zimmerman M S, Kirsch A L. The AN/GSC-10(KATHRYN) variable rate data modem for HF radio. IEEE Trans. Comm.,1967, Vol.15:197-203
[127]Weinstein S B, Ebert P M. Data transmission by frequency-division multiplexing using the discrete Fourier transform. IEEE Transactions on Communications,1971,Vol.19:628-634
[128]Peled A, Ruiz A. Frequency domain data transmission using reduced computational complexity algorithm. In: Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust, Speech, Signal Processing.Denver,1980.964-967.
[129)]王启龙,张建平.无线移动多媒体应急指挥系统[J].上海铁道科技,2010(2)：63-65.
[130]谢辉.铁路应急通信无线图像传输系统的研究与实现[J].2010,46(12)：61.
[131]周蓉蓉COFDM在消防指挥系统中实时图像传输技术上的应用[A].2008：10281029.
[2]Paul A. Erickson. FEMA Emergency Management'Guide for Business and Industry[J].Emergeney Response Planning,1999:423-468.
[3]Peter Brewster. Disaster/Emergency Management Programs[J].Disaster Medicine(First Edition),2006:108-111.
[4]John C.Pine. Emergency management and the law: liability issues in the United States [J].Safety Science,1995,20(1):145-152.
[5]秦勇,王卓,贾利民.轨道交通应急管理系统体系框架及应用研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2007,17(1)：57-65.
[6]曲思源,张光远.铁路行车安全保障体系实施框架研究[J].铁路运输与经济,2003,25(11)：52-54.
[7]刘仍奎,程晓卿,孙全欣.铁路事故救援系统的构建研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2004,14(20)：43-47.
[8]徐建光.我国铁路突发事件应急管理体系研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2010.
[9]谢素华.论我国公路交通应急及运输保障体系的建设[J].公路交通科技,2008,25(9)：153-158.
[10]蒋珩,余廉.区域突发公共事件应急联动组织体系研究[J].武汉理工大学学报,2007,20(5)：595-598.
[11]李颖.我国高速公路突发事件应急管理体系研究[J].南京：南京理工大学,2010.
[12]闪淳昌,黄敏.中国应急管理及运行模式[J].北京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版),201(),23(2)：22-26.
[13]韩智勇,翁义国,张维等.重大研究计划_非常规突发事件应急管理研究的科学背景、目标与组织管理[J].中国科学基金.2009(4).
[14]Gorry G A.Seott Morton M S. A framework for management information system[J].Sloan Management Review,1971,13(1):55-70
[15](美) Raymond McLeod, Jr.:GeorgeSchell著,张成洪等译.管理息系统[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2009.
[16]G.L.L. Reniers et al. Decision support systems for major accident Prevention in the chemieal Proeess industry:A developers'survey[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process in the process industries,2006(19):604-620.
[17]Bonezek R K, Holsapple C W. Whinston A B.Foundation of decision support Systems[M]. New York:Academies Press,1981.
[1H]KuhlmannT, Lamping R, Massow C. Intelligent decision support[J].Journal of Materials processing Technology,1998,76(1):257-260.
[19]IftikharU.Sikder. Knowledge-based spatial decision support systems: An assessment of Environmental adaptability of crops[J]. Expert Systems with Applications,2009,36(3):5341-5347.
[20]Tim Hill, William Remus. Neural network models for intelligent support of managerial decision making[J].Decision Support systems,1994,11(5):449-459.
[21]Tugba Efendigil, Semih Onut, Cengiz Kahraman. A decision support system for demand Forecasting with artificial neural networks and neuro-fuzzy models:A comparative analysis[J]. Expert Systems with Applications,2009,36(3):6697-6707.
[22]Matthias Kluseb. Information agent technology for internet: a survey[J].Data & Knowledge Engineering,2001,36(3):337-372.
[23]Johnny S.K.Wong.ArminR.Mikler.Intelligent mobile agents in large distributed autonomous cooperative systems[J].The Journal of Systems and Software,1999,47(2,3):75-87.
[24]吕保和,王明贤,肖建兰等.我国高速公路交通事故应急救援体系的构建[J].(中国安全科学学报,2006,16(7)：76-78.
[25]张荣梅,周义,涂序彦.交通事故处理智能决策支持系统(YCIDSS)[J].计算机应用,2002,22(9)：60-62.
[26]王英杰,周慧娟,卢文龙.青藏铁路救援指挥系统的研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2006,16(4)：81-85.
[27]李小平,唐士晟.铁路救援指挥中IDSS的构建方法研究[J].铁道学报,2008,30(5)：20-24.
[28]陈虎,李小平.铁路行车事故救援空间智能决策支持系统的研究[J].中国铁路,2008(11)：44-47.
[29]王林泽,陈昭明.铁路行车事故救援智能辅助决策系统研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2004,14(1)：22-24.
[30]廖,军洪,刘仍奎.基于GIS的铁路行车事故救援系统研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2003,13(11)：5-8.
[31]Janez Sturm.Geographical Information System of Slovenian Railways Co[OL].
[32]E2Business Infrastructure Maintenance Community[J].IRJ.2000.(8):19-20.
[33]Keith J Watson.Use of Computer Database to Manipulate Safety Information[C].Computers in Railways VI:93-102.
[34]Infrarail Track Show Opens in London[J].IRJ,2001,(9):41-52.
[35]GIS Based Railway Network Information System[OL].
[36]Chen Daqiang. Study on Optimal Decision Models for Emergency Material Allocation with Systemic Characteristics Analysis[D].ZheJiang.2010.
[37]闪淳昌.建立突发公共事件以及机制的探讨[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2005(2)：24-26.
[38]赵林度.基于危机资源管理的城市安全以及网络研究[J].中国应急救援,2008(5)：28-31.
[39]辜勇.面向重大突发事件的区域应急物资储备与调度研究[D].武汉.2009.
[40]张文峰.应急物资储备模式及其储备量研究[D].北京.2010.
[41]谢欢.应急物流中的优化储备问题研究[D].成都.2009.
[42]王鹏.基于聚类分析和模糊评价的应急物资储备分类研究[D].北京.2010.
[43]周礼胜.基于模糊层次分析法和信息熵的应急物资库存管理研究[D].北京.2010.
[44]ReVelle C S, Eiselt. H A. Location Analysis: A Synthesis and Survey[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2005(1):1-19.
[45]Daskin M S. A Maximal Expected Set Covering Location Model:Formulation, Properties, and Heuristic Solution[J].Transportation Science,1983(17):48-69.
[46]Mamoon Jamil etal.The Stochastic Queue Center Problem[J].Computers & Operations Researeh, 1999,26(14):1423-1436.
[47]方磊,何建敏.城r市应急系统优化选址决策模型和算法[J].管理科学学报,2005,8(1)：12-16.
[48]Balacik,B.M.Humanitarian relief chains:issues and challenges. Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Computers and Industrial Engineering,2004,867-892.
[49]G.elay Barbarosoglu, et al. An Interactive Approach for Hierarchical Analysis of Helicopter Logistics in Disaster Relief Opreatuibs[J].European Journal of Operational Research, 2004(14):118-133.
[50]G.clay Barbarosoglu, et al. Arda Y. A Two-stage Stochastic Programming Framework for Transportation Planning in Disaster Response[J].Journal of Operational Research Society, 2004(55):43-53.
[51]Wang Wei,Liu Mao,Wang Li. The Dynamic Optimal Method of Emergency Resources Deployment Planning Based on Markov Decision Processes [J].Center for Urban Public Safety Research, Nankai University,2010,43(3):18-23.
[52]Barbarosoglu G,Arda Y.A two-stage stochastic programming framework for transportation planning in disaster response, Journal of the Operational Research Society,2004,55(1):43-53.
[53]Equi L, Gallo GMarziale S.A Combined Transportation and scheduling Problem[R].Pisa,Italy Working Paper.Italy:Pisa University,1998:523-538.
[54]Ozdamar L, Ekinci E, Kucukyazici B. Emergency logistics planning in natural disasters [J], Annals of Operations Research,2004,129(1-4):217-245.
[55]WANG H-S.A food distribution model for famine relief[J], omputer and Industrial Engineering,1999,37(1/2):35-338.
[56]Chen A,Ji Z.Path finding under uncertainty. Journal of Advanced Transportation,2005,39(1):19-37.
[57]缪成,吴启迪,许维胜等.突发灾害下可靠路径搜索模型与算法[J].计算机工程与应用,2007,43(28)：卜3.
[58]杨继君,许维胜,冯云生等.基于多模式分层网络的应急资源调度模型[J].计算机工程,2009,35(10)：21-24.
[59]张婧,申世飞,杨锐.基于偏好序的多事故应急资源调配博弈模型[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2007,47(12)：2172-2175.
[60]U.Gupta and N.Ranganathan,"Multievent crisis management using noncooperative multistep games,"IEEE Transactions on Computers,ovl.56,pp.577-589,May 2007.
[61]Shetty S R.An event driven single game solution for resource allocation in a multi-crisis environment[D].Tampa:Univ South Florida,2004.
[62]张杰,王志勇,许维胜等.面向突发事件的应急资源调度模型的构建和求解[J].工程与应用,201(),9：1-7.
[63]龙京,黄钢,王孟钧,张彦春.铁路应急物资储备点选址[J].交通运输工程学报,2011,11(1)：77-78.
[64]王军.铁路重大突发事件应急资源优化调配问题的研究[D].北京.2007.
[65]何建敏,刘春林，曹杰等.应急管理与应急系统——选址、调度与算法[M].北京：科学出版社.2005.7.
[66]郭瑞鹏.应急物资动员决策的方法与模型研究[D].北京.2006.8.
[67]骆月明,张湛.提高应急通信保障能力的手段[J].通信企业管理,2007,12：68-69.
[68]王玉峰,孟苏英,刘英.应急通信保障情况综合处理平台研究[J].无线电通信技术,2009,：35(3)：55-58.
[69]张雪丽.应急通信技术体系及标准化问题探讨[J].现代电信科技,2009,2：25-28.
[70]铁道部运输局基础部.铁路信息化专项规划——行车安全监控救援指挥系统(RCs)报审稿[R].2005.11.
[71]周晓利,应急物流总应急物资管理问题研究[J].现代商贸管理,2010(18),,41-42.
[72]王文峰,郭波,刘新亮.多级覆盖设施选址问题建模及求解方法研究[J].中国管理科学,2007,15(增)：144-148.
[73]方磊,何建敏.综合AHP和目标规划方法的应急系统选址规划模型[J].系统工程理论与实践,2003,23(12)：116-120.
[74]张静,刘茂.广义最大覆盖模型在消防站优化选址中的应用[J].安全与环境学报,2009,9(1)：169-172.
[75]于瑛英,池宏,祁明亮等.应急管理中资源布局评估与调整的模型和算法[J].系统工程,2008,26(2)：75-81.
[76]赵远飞,陈国华.基于改进逼近理想解排序(TOPSIS)法的应急系统优化选址模型研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2008,18(9)：22-28.
[77]范维澄,国家突发公共事件应急管理中科学问题的思考和建议[J].中国科学基金,2007：71-76.
[78]计雷,池宏等.突发事件应急管理[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2006.10.
[79]师立晨,曾明荣,魏利军.事故应急救援指挥中心组织架构和运行机制探讨[J].安全与环境学报,2005,5(2)：115-118.
[80]陈昭明,王林泽,马林.铁路事故救援辅助决策系统的研究[J].铁道学报,2004,26(5)：8-12.
[81]李岁永,铁路应急通信综合传输系统设计探析[J].信息技术,2010,14(37).
[82]陈安,上官艳秋,倪慧荟.现代应急管理体制设计研究[J].中国行政管理,2008(8)：81-85.
[83]陈安,赵燕.我国应急管理的进展与趋势[J].安全,2007(4)：1-4.
[84]陈安,朱书瑞.我国应急管理的背景与发展[J].安全,2007(4)：1-4.
[85]万鹏飞,于秀明.北京市应急管理体制的现状与决策分析[J].公共管理评论,2006(4)：41-65.
[86]刘尚亮,沈惠璋,李峰等.我国突发事件应急管理体系构建研究[J].科技管理研究,2010(19)：202-206.
[87]王家峰.组织管理中的科层与激励制度化[J].现代管理科学,2004(3)：86-87.
[88]肖鹏英.危机管理[M].广州：华南理工大学出版社,2008.1.
[89]罗云,攀运晓,马晓春.风险分析与安全评价[M].北京化学工业出版社,2004：24-25.
[90]邹云.非常状态下应急控制稳定评估理论[J].江苏大学学报(自然科学版),2004,25(2)：132-136.
[91]郭亚军.综合评价理论与方法[M].北京科学出版社,2002,8：45-49.
[92]中华人民共和国铁道部.铁路信息化总体规划[J].铁路信息,2005(4).
[93]章宁.基于案例的信息系统总体设计方法研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2007,43(1)：225-228.
[94]Liao S H. Expert system methodologies and applications—ade-cade review from 1995 to 2004[J].Expert Systems with Appli-cations.2005,28(1):93-103.
[95]刘清Rough集及Rough推理[M].北京：科学出版社,2001.
[96]段军,耿瑞平,涂序彦.基于Rough集和神经网络的CBR快捷检索方法[J].计算机工程与应用,2003(3)：25-27.
[97]杨涛,李龙澍.一钟粗糙集聚类的数据约简算法[J].系统仿真学报,2004,16(10)：2195-2200.
[98]李荣钧.模糊决策的基础---模糊集比较与排序[J].控制与决策,2003,18(2)：221-224.
[99]周美立.相似性科学[M].北京：科学出版社,2004.
[100]成安,陈宁,倪慧荟.现代应急管理理论与方法[M].北京：科学出版社，2009.
[101]张毅.基于自然灾害的救灾物资物流决策理论与方法研究[D].西安.2008.
[102]唐伟勤,张敏,张隐.大规模突发事件应急物资调度的过程模型[J].中国安全科学学报,2009,19(1)：：33-37.
[103]姜玉宏,颇华,欧忠文等.应急物流中应急物资的管理研究[J].物流技术,2007(6),17-19.
[104]方静.我国应急物流系统构建探析[J].交通企业管理,2008(8)：1-3.
[105]张毅.基于自然灾害的救灾物资物流决策理论与方法研究[D].西安.2008.
[106]刘丽娜,刘宏志.城市应急救援物资运输分配模型的构建与求解[J].计算机工程应用技术,2011：140-142.
[107]郭子雪,奇美然.模糊环境下的应急物资储备库选址模型及算法[J].计算机工程与应用,2010：214-216.
[108]王玫玫.铁路应急通信系统的技术研究[J].中国科技信息,2010,19：296-297.
[109]冷雪峰.铁路应急通信“117”系统的优化改造[J].铁道通信信号,2005,41(6)：40-41.
[110]佘洪光.浅谈铁路应急抢险通信方式及运用[J].铁道通信信号,2005,41(1)：44-45.
[111]张维宏.铁路事故现场图像光纤传输系统.铁道知识,1995(3)：21-24.
[112]薛瑞民.铁路事故救援静止图像传输处理(网络)系统.铁道通信信号,2000,36(5)：5-7.
[113]王令朝.铁路事故抢险救灾通信系统.上海铁道科技,1997(1)：42-44.
[114]滕祖德.铁路安全救援无线视频指挥系统研究.铁道机车车辆工人,2008(4)：9-13.
[115]赵静,史天运,李平.便携式铁路移动应急平台的设计与实现[J].铁道运输与经济,2010,32(17)：41-47.
[116]马四双.浅谈铁路应急通信中静图传输的解决办法[J].铁道通信信号，2004,40(3)：41.
[117]张伟华.铁路应急通信综合传输系统的研究与设计[D].成都.2003.
[118]王林凤.大准铁路应急通信系统技术方案[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2008(17)：88-89.
[119]倪慧军.卫星通信在铁路应急通信中的应用探讨[J],2007,43(10)：33-35.
[120]Weinstein SB, Ebert PM. Data transmission by frequency division multiplexing using the discrete Fourier transform. IEEE Transaction Communication,1971,19(5):625-634.
[121]S Hara,R Prasad. Multicarrier Techniques for 4G Mobile Communications. Boston, London: Artech House,2003:27-41
[122]Doeltz M L, Heald E T, Martin D L. Binary data transmission techniques for linear systems. In:Proc. IRE.1957. Vol.45:656-661
[123]Mosier R R,Clabaugh R G. Kineplex, a bandwidth efficient binary transmission system. AIEE Trans.1958, Vol.76:723-728
[124]Chang R W. Synthesis of band-limited orthogonal signals for multichannel data transmission. Bell Syst. Tech. Journal,1966, Vol.45:1775-1796
[125]Saltzberg B R. Performance of an efficient parallel data transmission system. IEEE Transactions on Communications,1967, Vol.15:805-811
[126]Zimmerman M S, Kirsch A L. The AN/GSC-10(KATHRYN) variable rate data modem for HF radio. IEEE Trans. Comm.,1967, Vol.15:197-203
[127]Weinstein S B, Ebert P M. Data transmission by frequency-division multiplexing using the discrete Fourier transform. IEEE Transactions on Communications,1971,Vol.19:628-634
[128]Peled A, Ruiz A. Frequency domain data transmission using reduced computational complexity algorithm. In: Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust, Speech, Signal Processing.Denver,1980.964-967.
[129)]王启龙,张建平.无线移动多媒体应急指挥系统[J].上海铁道科技,2010(2)：63-65.
[130]谢辉.铁路应急通信无线图像传输系统的研究与实现[J].2010,46(12)：61.
[131]周蓉蓉COFDM在消防指挥系统中实时图像传输技术上的应用[A].2008：10281029.