大同矿区多煤层开采冲击地压机理与防治研究
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摘要
大同矿区多煤层开采冲击地压显现规律的研究是该矿区煤矿安全开采和灾害防治的重要课题。本文通过对大同矿区煤峪口、同家梁、忻州窑等矿冲击地压事故的现场详细调研,结合理论分析、数值模拟研究、实验室实验及井下实测相结合的手段对大同矿区多煤层开采条件下冲击地压控制理论及技术进行了深入研究,系统分析了大同矿区冲击地压的显著特征,指出多煤层联合开采时下分层开采发生冲击概率大于上分层开采,靠近采空区一侧冲击地压产生频率和严重程度要高于实体煤一侧,且具有区域性以及连续性。实验室内岩石力学试验和冲击倾向性鉴定得出忻州窑、同家梁矿、煤峪口矿三矿的顶底板及煤岩冲击倾向性指标,提出了剩余能量释放速度指数来判断冲击倾向性判的新方法。同时,忻州窑矿地应力测最结果显示,大同矿区最大主应力为水平应力,水平应力大于垂直应力。针对忻州窑矿地质生产条件,结合地应力测量结果,利用大型有限差分软件FLAC3D对忻州窑矿11煤不同开采顺序及9煤与11煤夹层不同厚度等条件下的开采进行了数值模拟,分析了冲击地压发生机理。在忻州窑矿为了预防由于近距离煤层开采诱发的冲击地压,采用断顶爆破卸压措施,并对实施卸压爆破的工作面巷道进行压力监测,现场实施效果良好。
The study on the machanism of coal bumps during extraction of multiple coal seams in Datong coal mine area is an important issue on safe mining and disaster prevention. Based on the field survey on the bump accidents of Meiyukou coal mine, Tongjialiang coal mine and Xinzhouyao coal mine in Datong coal mine, the control theory and techniques of coal bumps during extraction multiple seam mining with theoretic analysis, numerical simulation research and laboratory tests were conducted. This paper systematically analysed the remarkable characteristics of coal bumps in Datong coal mine area as well. It is showed that the coal bump probability during the lower seam mining was larger than that of the higher seam mining. Meanwhile, the coal bump probability and seriousness of the side which was close to the goaf were higher than those of the side close to the coal mass. It is revealed that the coal bumps were regional and had continuity. The indicators of coal bump proneness of coal-rock were given through laboratory tests and bump proneness identification. Based on the results, the new method with the index of releasing speed of remaining energy to judge the bump proneness of was proposed. At the same time, the measurement results of in-situ stress in Xinzhouyao coal mine showed that maximum principle stress was the horizontal stress and the horizontal stress was higher than the vertical stress. Based on the geological production conditions and the in-situ stress measurement results, FLAC3D (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in3Dimensions) was employed to numerically simulate the mining of the11th coal seam in Xinzhouyao coal mine with different mining sequences and different thicknesses of the interlayer between the9th coal seam and the11th coal seam. The occurrence mechanism of coal bumps were analysed in the numerical simulation. To prevent the coal bumps induced by mining in Xinzhouyao coal mine, pressure releasing through breaking the roof were conduced in workface. Meanwhile, pressure releasing blasting technolgy was implemented and evaluated.
The study on the machanism of coal bumps during extraction of multiple coal seams in Datong coal mine area is an important issue on safe mining and disaster prevention. Based on the field survey on the bump accidents of Meiyukou coal mine, Tongjialiang coal mine and Xinzhouyao coal mine in Datong coal mine, the control theory and techniques of coal bumps during extraction multiple seam mining with theoretic analysis, numerical simulation research and laboratory tests were conducted. This paper systematically analysed the remarkable characteristics of coal bumps in Datong coal mine area as well. It is showed that the coal bump probability during the lower seam mining was larger than that of the higher seam mining. Meanwhile, the coal bump probability and seriousness of the side which was close to the goaf were higher than those of the side close to the coal mass. It is revealed that the coal bumps were regional and had continuity. The indicators of coal bump proneness of coal-rock were given through laboratory tests and bump proneness identification. Based on the results, the new method with the index of releasing speed of remaining energy to judge the bump proneness of was proposed. At the same time, the measurement results of in-situ stress in Xinzhouyao coal mine showed that maximum principle stress was the horizontal stress and the horizontal stress was higher than the vertical stress. Based on the geological production conditions and the in-situ stress measurement results, FLAC3D (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in3Dimensions) was employed to numerically simulate the mining of the11th coal seam in Xinzhouyao coal mine with different mining sequences and different thicknesses of the interlayer between the9th coal seam and the11th coal seam. The occurrence mechanism of coal bumps were analysed in the numerical simulation. To prevent the coal bumps induced by mining in Xinzhouyao coal mine, pressure releasing through breaking the roof were conduced in workface. Meanwhile, pressure releasing blasting technolgy was implemented and evaluated.
引文
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