摘要
为了考察固液表面自由能差对膜状冷凝传热系数的影响,本文从液膜流动的角度出发,推导出了接触角与冷凝传热系数的关联式。计算结果表明,接触角在一定范围内,膜状冷凝传热系数随着接触角的增大而增大;而当接触角较小(接近0°)时,本文关联式的计算结果与经典的Nusselt理论相符。
本文实验研究了相同冷凝实验条件下的水蒸汽在紫铜基离子注氮表面、紫铜基机械抛光表面、黄铜基DLC表面、黄铜基机械抛光表面上的滴状冷凝传热特性,考察了固液表面自由能差的变化(通过压力来调节)对冷凝传热的影响。实验结果表明,在相同的操作条件下,冷凝传热系数随着固液表面自由能差的增大而增大。紫铜基机械抛光表面的冷凝传热系数和热通量在实验压力为常压、70kPa、46kPa时分别比紫铜基离子注氮表面提高10%、16%、15%。黄铜基DLC表面上冷凝传热系数和热通量在实验压力为常压、70kPa、46kPa、31kPa时比相同条件下黄铜基机械抛光表面分别提高8%、13%、34%、34%。
以乙二醇蒸汽为冷凝工质,实验研究了固液表面自由能差的变化对膜状冷凝传热的影响。实验结果表明,乙二醇在紫铜基离子注氮表面、紫铜基机械抛光表面、黄铜基DLC表面上的膜状冷凝传热系数实验值分别比相同条件下的Nusselt计算值提高40%、28%~42%、25%~43%。实验数据与本文建立的数学模型的计算结果的变化趋势相一致。
In order to study the influence of surface-free-energy difference of solid surface and condensate on the filmwise condensation heat transfer performance, a correlation of the condensation heat transfer coefficient with contact angle has been derived with respect to liquid film flow and heat transfer at vapor-liquid interface. The calculated results for steam filmwise condensation indicate that the heat transfer coefficient increases with the contact angle increasing when the contact angle ranged within a certain degree. When the contact angle is small or approaching 0? the condensation heat transfer coefficient predicted by the correlation is consistent with result of classic Nusselt theory.
A series of specially designed experiments are conducted to verify the impact of the surface free energies difference on the dropwise and film condensation heat transfer characteristics. The magnitude of the surface free energies difference is regulated by only changing the condensation surfaces under the identical operation condensation, in particular, the vapor pressure, with the exclusion of thermo properties effect.
The steam dropwise condensation heat transfer properties at different condensing pressures are experimentally investigated on a variety of treated surface films, such as ion-implanted Nitrogen surface, mechanically polished surface and diamond-like carbonate (DLCO surface on the substrates of brass and copper plates, respectively. The experimental results indicate that the condensation heat flux and heat transfer coefficient increase with the increasing of the magnitude of the surface free energies difference of the solid surface and the condensate liquid, at the identical operating conditions.
Meanwhile, the dependence of filmwise condensation heat transfer on the surface free energies difference of solid surface and liquid on is experimentally studied with the ethylene glycol vapour condensation on surfaces of ion-implanted Nitrogen surface, mechanical polishing surface and DLC surface on the substrates of copper and brass plates, respectively. The experimental obtained heat transfer performance for the treated surfaces is higher than the calculated results of traditional Nusselt theory, also showing the same tendency with those of the correlation established in the present paper.
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