涂料用水性聚氨酯树脂的合成及性能研究
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摘要
近年来,随着人们环保意识的进一步增强,人们对环境保护更加重视。为适应这一发展的需要,涂料行业也大张旗鼓地兴起了绿色革命的热潮。水性涂料、高固体分涂料、辐射固化涂料和粉末涂料等环境友好型涂料因而成为涂料工业发展和研究的主要方向。基于这一发展动向,本论文对水性聚氨酯—丙烯酸酯涂料的合成化学原理、合成方法及研究现状进行了综述,进而提出了本论文研究的指导思想,并从以下几方面对水性聚氨酯—丙烯酸酯涂料的合成和性能进行了广泛地研究,得出了许多具有参考价值和实际意义的结论:
1.先用甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)与二羟甲基丙酸及聚醚多元醇合成带有亲水基团—COOH聚氨酯预聚体,继而使之与带羟基的丙烯酸酯进行缩聚反应得到含有双键的聚氨酯大单休,然后与其他丙烯酸酯单体共聚合成了聚氨酯—丙烯酸酯(PUA)。
2.探讨了水性聚氨酯、水性聚丙烯酸酯涂料的合成工艺方法,在此基础上制备了几种水性聚氨酯—丙烯酸酯涂料。研究了反应温度、中和剂种类、单体配比、乳液固体含量等诸多因素对乳液合成的反应速率、乳液的稳定性、粒径、粘度及漆膜的机械强度、耐介质等性能的影响状况,从而为研制性能优异的水性聚氨酯—丙烯酸酯涂料奠定了基础。
3.本文以各种测试方法和手段来表征乳液和漆膜的结构、乳液粒径、粘度、pH值、稳定性及漆膜的耐介质性、表面硬度等性能。详细研究了加水乳化速率、羧基含量及其中和度、乙烯基含量、聚醚二元醇分子量和异氰酸酯指数等因素对乳液和漆膜的各种性能的影响效果。
With the further development of people's consciousness of environment in recent years, people pay more attention to environmental protection.An intense popular interest in "green revolution" was formed in coatings' circle to fit in with the need of this development,and main stress in coatings research is placed on developing environmental friendly coatings such as waterborne coatings,high solid coatings,radiation-curable coatings and powder coatings.Based on this tendency,the paper summarized the synthetic chemistry,synthetic method and its principle,and the researching situation of waterborne polyurethane-acrylate(WPUA) coatings. Then the paper put forward the guiding ideology of the research in this paper.Detailed and extensive studies on the syntheses and properties of WPUA coatings were conducted as follows:
1.The polyurethane-acrylate was synthesized through the copolymerization between prepolymer of polyurethane and acrylic monomer.First the prepolymer of polyurethane was synthesized,then the prepolymer reacted with HEMA.After that a macro-monomer could be gotten.The macro-monomer was polymerized with acrylate,and the polyurethane-acrylate(PUA) was obtained.
2.The synthetic methods of waterborne polyurethane and polyacrylate were investigated and several sorts of WPUA coatings were synthesized.The effects of many factors such as reaction temperature,sort of neutralizer,proportion of monomer,solid of emulsion on syntheses and properties of WPUA coatings were studied,and some useful results had been obtained simutaneously.
3.The techniques of the structure and properties of the emulsion and film of WPUA coatings were characterized and studied.The relations between the rate of water adding,the content of-COOH and its degree of neutralization,the molecule weight of polyetherdiol, NCO/OH molar ratio and properties of WPUA coatings were investigated extensively as well.
1.先用甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)与二羟甲基丙酸及聚醚多元醇合成带有亲水基团—COOH聚氨酯预聚体,继而使之与带羟基的丙烯酸酯进行缩聚反应得到含有双键的聚氨酯大单休,然后与其他丙烯酸酯单体共聚合成了聚氨酯—丙烯酸酯(PUA)。
2.探讨了水性聚氨酯、水性聚丙烯酸酯涂料的合成工艺方法,在此基础上制备了几种水性聚氨酯—丙烯酸酯涂料。研究了反应温度、中和剂种类、单体配比、乳液固体含量等诸多因素对乳液合成的反应速率、乳液的稳定性、粒径、粘度及漆膜的机械强度、耐介质等性能的影响状况,从而为研制性能优异的水性聚氨酯—丙烯酸酯涂料奠定了基础。
3.本文以各种测试方法和手段来表征乳液和漆膜的结构、乳液粒径、粘度、pH值、稳定性及漆膜的耐介质性、表面硬度等性能。详细研究了加水乳化速率、羧基含量及其中和度、乙烯基含量、聚醚二元醇分子量和异氰酸酯指数等因素对乳液和漆膜的各种性能的影响效果。
With the further development of people's consciousness of environment in recent years, people pay more attention to environmental protection.An intense popular interest in "green revolution" was formed in coatings' circle to fit in with the need of this development,and main stress in coatings research is placed on developing environmental friendly coatings such as waterborne coatings,high solid coatings,radiation-curable coatings and powder coatings.Based on this tendency,the paper summarized the synthetic chemistry,synthetic method and its principle,and the researching situation of waterborne polyurethane-acrylate(WPUA) coatings. Then the paper put forward the guiding ideology of the research in this paper.Detailed and extensive studies on the syntheses and properties of WPUA coatings were conducted as follows:
1.The polyurethane-acrylate was synthesized through the copolymerization between prepolymer of polyurethane and acrylic monomer.First the prepolymer of polyurethane was synthesized,then the prepolymer reacted with HEMA.After that a macro-monomer could be gotten.The macro-monomer was polymerized with acrylate,and the polyurethane-acrylate(PUA) was obtained.
2.The synthetic methods of waterborne polyurethane and polyacrylate were investigated and several sorts of WPUA coatings were synthesized.The effects of many factors such as reaction temperature,sort of neutralizer,proportion of monomer,solid of emulsion on syntheses and properties of WPUA coatings were studied,and some useful results had been obtained simutaneously.
3.The techniques of the structure and properties of the emulsion and film of WPUA coatings were characterized and studied.The relations between the rate of water adding,the content of-COOH and its degree of neutralization,the molecule weight of polyetherdiol, NCO/OH molar ratio and properties of WPUA coatings were investigated extensively as well.
引文
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[11]王武生,潘才元.水乳型聚氨酯环氧硅氧烷常温交联,交联体系在皮革涂饰中的应用[J].中国皮革,2000,29(9):30-32.
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[20]崔锦峰,杨保平,张应鹏等.自交联型水性聚氨酯涂料的研制[J].兰州理工大学学报,2005,31(3):72-75.
[21]王洪宇,王得宁.脱羧腰果壳液改性聚氨酯/亚麻油复合涂料[J].林产化学与工业,2005,25(1):45-48.
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