某低品位复杂氧化铜尾矿浮选回收铜工艺及机理研究
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摘要
氧化铜矿占我国铜矿总储量的很大部分。氧化铜的采选产生大量废石和尾矿,大量氧化铜尾矿由于氧化率高、含泥量大而未得到合理的开发和利用,尾矿堆存不仅破坏了生态环境,而且造成金属的大量流失。另外,氧化铜尾矿往往因为高氧化率和高结合率,造成选矿回收难度大、指标低,因此,研究氧化铜尾矿的开发和利用方法,具有较为重要的理论价值和实际意义。
根据某氧化铜尾矿的工艺特点,本试验承担了某氧化铜尾矿的可选性研究。经测定,该尾矿中所含的有价金属有铜、铁,平均品位分别达到0。7%和17%,脉石主要为石英和铝硅酸盐,含硅高,SiO_2含量达到50%以上,尾矿中铜氧化率高达80%,结合氧化铜占总铜的50%以上,含泥量也达到19%,属于低品位复杂难选矿石。
研究中发现,该氧化铜尾矿不宜采用直接浸出和氧化铜矿捕收剂直接浮选工艺。而采用硫化-浮选能得到比较理想的回收效果。
经过大量的实验室条件试验和流程试验,最终得出浮选该氧化铜尾矿的工艺,即采用一段磨矿,磨矿细度为-0.074mm占97%,在Na_2S用量3000g/t、水玻璃200g/t、水杨羟肟酸200g/t、Y-89黄药250g/t、松醇油70g/t,矿浆浓度30%的条件下,采用两次粗选,一次扫选,两次精选的闭路流程,在原矿品位0.81%的基础上,可以得到品位16.73%,回收率49.26%的铜精矿,精矿产率2.46%。在硫化的基础上,采用高效氧化矿和硫化矿捕收剂的混合用药取得了对这种高氧化率与高结合率低品位难选尾矿的有效回收。
紫外光谱法和红外光谱法对矿物-捕收剂溶液介面反应物性质的间接和直接测定得出,水杨羟肟酸和Y-89在孔雀石表面的吸附主要为化学吸附,在氧化铜尾矿表面的吸附主要为物理吸附。
氧化铜尾矿浮选回收铜工业生产调试改造后流程为一粗二精加一精选扫选,与实验室探索流程有所不同,现场调试可得到铜精矿品位14%,回收率46.7%的工业指标。
The majority of the copper ores in our country are copper oxides. A great number of mullock and tailings were produced by oxidized copper exploit and processing activities. Most of oxidized copper tailings have not been exploited and used efficiently because of their highly-oxidized rate and slime. Piling tailings was harmly to eco-environment and made great losses of metal resource. However, oxidized copper tailing was hard to process and the recover index was low due to their highly-oxidized rate and highly coalescent rate.Therefore, to study and utilize this kind of copper oxides with suitable methods has great importance theoretically and practically.
According to the technics characteristic of some oxidized copper tailing, some researches on following aspects have been conducted. The research of process mineralogy and chemical analyses show that this kind of ore has a highly-oxidized rate of 80%, and 50% of oxidized copper in this tailings present in coalescent copper oxides. The grade of this copper tailing is about 0.7%, and the content of slime in run of mine ore is up to 19%. It belongs to low grade and complex oxidized copper tailing and is hard to process.
The results of the tests show that this copper oxide ore can not be treated by acid leaching and direct flotation with copper oxide collectors. But it can be treated by sulphidization flotation.
Through many conditional tests and circuit tests in lab, technology for this copper ore is obtained. Satisfactory results have been obtained by first stage grinding with the mesh of grinding about 97%-0.074mm, sodium sulfide dosage 3000g/t, sodium silicate 200g/t,Salicylhydroxamic acid 200g/t, Y-89 xanthate 250g/t, Pine Camphor Oil 80g/t, pulp density was around 30%.Tow-time roughing, one-time scavenging and two-time cleaning operation in the closed circuit was used. When the run of mine ore contains copper of 0.81%, the obtained copper concentrate has a copper grade of 16.73% and a copper recovery of 49.26%, the yield rate was 2.46%.As it can be seem, based on sulphidization, this high oxidized, high coalescent rate and low grade copper tailing could be recovery effective by using oxidized and sulphidized mix collector.
Ultraviolet and infrared were used to test the character of reactant on mine and collector surface. The test results indicated that Salicylhydroxamic acid and Y-89 xanthate take place chemical adsorption on malachite surface, and physics adsorption on oxidized copper tailings mainly.
After rebuilding,the industry production flow for this copper tailing flotation was one time roughing,tow time cleaning and one time scavenging for first time cleaning,it was different from the flowsheet ascertained in lab. Industry production debugging of oxidized copper tailings flotation results indicated that a copper grade of 14% and a copper recovery of 46.7% can be obtained.
根据某氧化铜尾矿的工艺特点,本试验承担了某氧化铜尾矿的可选性研究。经测定,该尾矿中所含的有价金属有铜、铁,平均品位分别达到0。7%和17%,脉石主要为石英和铝硅酸盐,含硅高,SiO_2含量达到50%以上,尾矿中铜氧化率高达80%,结合氧化铜占总铜的50%以上,含泥量也达到19%,属于低品位复杂难选矿石。
研究中发现,该氧化铜尾矿不宜采用直接浸出和氧化铜矿捕收剂直接浮选工艺。而采用硫化-浮选能得到比较理想的回收效果。
经过大量的实验室条件试验和流程试验,最终得出浮选该氧化铜尾矿的工艺,即采用一段磨矿,磨矿细度为-0.074mm占97%,在Na_2S用量3000g/t、水玻璃200g/t、水杨羟肟酸200g/t、Y-89黄药250g/t、松醇油70g/t,矿浆浓度30%的条件下,采用两次粗选,一次扫选,两次精选的闭路流程,在原矿品位0.81%的基础上,可以得到品位16.73%,回收率49.26%的铜精矿,精矿产率2.46%。在硫化的基础上,采用高效氧化矿和硫化矿捕收剂的混合用药取得了对这种高氧化率与高结合率低品位难选尾矿的有效回收。
紫外光谱法和红外光谱法对矿物-捕收剂溶液介面反应物性质的间接和直接测定得出,水杨羟肟酸和Y-89在孔雀石表面的吸附主要为化学吸附,在氧化铜尾矿表面的吸附主要为物理吸附。
氧化铜尾矿浮选回收铜工业生产调试改造后流程为一粗二精加一精选扫选,与实验室探索流程有所不同,现场调试可得到铜精矿品位14%,回收率46.7%的工业指标。
The majority of the copper ores in our country are copper oxides. A great number of mullock and tailings were produced by oxidized copper exploit and processing activities. Most of oxidized copper tailings have not been exploited and used efficiently because of their highly-oxidized rate and slime. Piling tailings was harmly to eco-environment and made great losses of metal resource. However, oxidized copper tailing was hard to process and the recover index was low due to their highly-oxidized rate and highly coalescent rate.Therefore, to study and utilize this kind of copper oxides with suitable methods has great importance theoretically and practically.
According to the technics characteristic of some oxidized copper tailing, some researches on following aspects have been conducted. The research of process mineralogy and chemical analyses show that this kind of ore has a highly-oxidized rate of 80%, and 50% of oxidized copper in this tailings present in coalescent copper oxides. The grade of this copper tailing is about 0.7%, and the content of slime in run of mine ore is up to 19%. It belongs to low grade and complex oxidized copper tailing and is hard to process.
The results of the tests show that this copper oxide ore can not be treated by acid leaching and direct flotation with copper oxide collectors. But it can be treated by sulphidization flotation.
Through many conditional tests and circuit tests in lab, technology for this copper ore is obtained. Satisfactory results have been obtained by first stage grinding with the mesh of grinding about 97%-0.074mm, sodium sulfide dosage 3000g/t, sodium silicate 200g/t,Salicylhydroxamic acid 200g/t, Y-89 xanthate 250g/t, Pine Camphor Oil 80g/t, pulp density was around 30%.Tow-time roughing, one-time scavenging and two-time cleaning operation in the closed circuit was used. When the run of mine ore contains copper of 0.81%, the obtained copper concentrate has a copper grade of 16.73% and a copper recovery of 49.26%, the yield rate was 2.46%.As it can be seem, based on sulphidization, this high oxidized, high coalescent rate and low grade copper tailing could be recovery effective by using oxidized and sulphidized mix collector.
Ultraviolet and infrared were used to test the character of reactant on mine and collector surface. The test results indicated that Salicylhydroxamic acid and Y-89 xanthate take place chemical adsorption on malachite surface, and physics adsorption on oxidized copper tailings mainly.
After rebuilding,the industry production flow for this copper tailing flotation was one time roughing,tow time cleaning and one time scavenging for first time cleaning,it was different from the flowsheet ascertained in lab. Industry production debugging of oxidized copper tailings flotation results indicated that a copper grade of 14% and a copper recovery of 46.7% can be obtained.
引文
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[6]何哲祥,田守祥,隋利军等.矿山尾矿排放现状与处置的有效途径[J].采矿技术,2008,8(3):78-80
[7]汪贻水.美国矿山企业的尾矿管理[J].世界有色金属.2008(2):55-58
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[9]许乃政,陶于祥,高南华.金属矿山环境污染及治理对策[J].火山地质与矿产,2001,22(1):63-70
[10]卢龙,王汝成,薛经越等.硫化物的表面反应及其在矿山环境研究中的应用[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2001,20(4):387-394
[11]丁彩霄.尾矿利用是矿业环境治理和经济增长的新途径[J].内蒙古环境保护,2001(4):29-31
[12]常前发.矿山固体废物的处理与处置[J].矿产保护与利用,2003,(5):38-42
[13]丁慧哲,王海亮,马敏.小型尾矿库存在的问题及溃坝事故分析[J].安全与环境科学报,2006,6(增刊):149-152
[14]袁先乐.我国金属矿山固废政治任重道远[J].环境经济志,2005(16),36-38
[15]鲍负,常前发.尾矿利用是实现矿业可持续发展的重要途径[J].矿业快报,2000(7):3-5
[16]雷力,周兴龙,李家毓等.我国矿山尾矿资源综合利用现状与思考[J].矿业快报,2008(9):5-8
[17]张淑会,薛向欣,刘然等.尾矿综合利用现状及其展望[J].矿冶,2005,25(3):44-47
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