电除尘器气流分布技术的研究——气流均布影响因素的试验分析
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摘要
气流分布状态是影响电除尘器除尘效率的几个重要因素之一，气流分布技术能经济、有效地提高原有电除尘器的除尘效率。当前环保标准日益严格，大批改造项目迫在眉睫，实际工程中经常用增大集尘面积、增加电场长度去改善除尘效果，这样往往使一次投资和长期运行费用增大，而且许多旧设备不允许增加电场和设备规格。相比之下，应用气流分布技术，进行气流分布调整，对进、出风口适当改造就可达到除尘效率的大幅提高，工作量小、经济易行，且适用于所有的电除尘器改造项目，确实是新形势下值得广大电除尘工作者深入研究的领域。但过去对气流分布的影响因素及规律缺乏系统试验和总结。本文总结了国内外气流分布技术的相关成果，以某铁厂198m~2电除尘器为原型，独立建立了一套气流分布技术研究性模型，可调性好，功能齐全，测试准确，数据分析处理便捷，测试周期短，一次性投资低，实用性强。
本文应用该模型首先对三种不同工况进行了验证性对比试验，验证了模型试验采用小风速时可获得采用大风速时等同效果、分布板对气流均匀性的改善效果要优于槽形板、分布板的层数适当为宜，并非越多越好等三个结论。本文最后引入正交实验法，对气流均布的主要影响因素通过27组实验进行了全面考察，通过极差分析和方差分析，得出其相对影响因子排序为：第三层分布板位置(9.1)＞第一层分布板位置(4.8)＞第二层分布板开孔率(4.5)＞第二层分布板位置(3.5)＞槽形板位置(3.1)＞第二、三层分布板位置配合(2.4)＞第一层分布板开孔率(2.4)＞第一、二层分布板位置配合(2.3)＞第三层分布板开孔率(2.2)＞两层槽形板的间距(1.0)，除两层槽形板的间距为显著性因素外，其余均为特别显著性因素。至此，为气流分布模型试验和现场调试提供了一大致调试廓线。
Airflow distribution is one of the important factors affecting the performance of electrostatic precipitator (EP) and airflow distribution technology (ADT) can improve the efficiency effectively and economically. Nowadays, with environment protection standards stricter and stricter, a great deal of items of alteration of old EP stare us in the face. Increasing the area of gathering dust and lengthen the electric field are usually used in real engineering to meliorate the effect, which always go with enlarging the investment of Phase I and the charge of operation for long ,but that is not permitted for much old equipments. While using ADT to make proper alteration on inlet or outlet can get much increase of efficiency of EP as much with less work. For economic and simple to practice, it can be applied into almost all items of EP and really be worth of studying by all EP researchers. But formerly the law of factors affecting airflow distribution is short of systematic experiment and summarization. Firstly, this paper summarizes all related achievements of ADT at home and abroad, then taking a certain 198m2 EP of steel factory as antitype, independently builds a set of ADT research model, which has much advantages such as easy to alter, complete function, convenient and rapid data disposal, precise test, short test period, few investment and good applicability.
Moreover, by using of that model, this paper makes some validating parallel
experiments on three working conditions and proves that in model test using little wind speed can get as similar results as using large wind speed, distribution board has better performance on mending uniformity than trough board, and the number of distribution board need setting properly and more boards, not always better effect. At last, by importing orthogonal test method, this paper has a completely review of main factors affecting airflow distribution through 27 groups of experiments and gets the sequence of influence degree according to the analysis of range and variance: position of the third distribution board (9.1)> position of the first distribution board (4.8)> opening ratio of the second distribution board (4.5)> position of the second distribution board (3.5)> position of the trough board (3.1)> distance between the second and the third distribution board (2.4)> opening ratio of the first distribution board (2.4)> distance between the first and the second distribution board (2.3)> opening ratio of the third distribution board (2.2)> distance between two trough board (1.0). As an exception of the distance between two trough boards is a notable factor, the others are all especially notable factors. Thus an approximately outline has been found for model test and locale alteration of airflow distribution in EP.
本文应用该模型首先对三种不同工况进行了验证性对比试验，验证了模型试验采用小风速时可获得采用大风速时等同效果、分布板对气流均匀性的改善效果要优于槽形板、分布板的层数适当为宜，并非越多越好等三个结论。本文最后引入正交实验法，对气流均布的主要影响因素通过27组实验进行了全面考察，通过极差分析和方差分析，得出其相对影响因子排序为：第三层分布板位置(9.1)＞第一层分布板位置(4.8)＞第二层分布板开孔率(4.5)＞第二层分布板位置(3.5)＞槽形板位置(3.1)＞第二、三层分布板位置配合(2.4)＞第一层分布板开孔率(2.4)＞第一、二层分布板位置配合(2.3)＞第三层分布板开孔率(2.2)＞两层槽形板的间距(1.0)，除两层槽形板的间距为显著性因素外，其余均为特别显著性因素。至此，为气流分布模型试验和现场调试提供了一大致调试廓线。
Airflow distribution is one of the important factors affecting the performance of electrostatic precipitator (EP) and airflow distribution technology (ADT) can improve the efficiency effectively and economically. Nowadays, with environment protection standards stricter and stricter, a great deal of items of alteration of old EP stare us in the face. Increasing the area of gathering dust and lengthen the electric field are usually used in real engineering to meliorate the effect, which always go with enlarging the investment of Phase I and the charge of operation for long ,but that is not permitted for much old equipments. While using ADT to make proper alteration on inlet or outlet can get much increase of efficiency of EP as much with less work. For economic and simple to practice, it can be applied into almost all items of EP and really be worth of studying by all EP researchers. But formerly the law of factors affecting airflow distribution is short of systematic experiment and summarization. Firstly, this paper summarizes all related achievements of ADT at home and abroad, then taking a certain 198m2 EP of steel factory as antitype, independently builds a set of ADT research model, which has much advantages such as easy to alter, complete function, convenient and rapid data disposal, precise test, short test period, few investment and good applicability.
Moreover, by using of that model, this paper makes some validating parallel
experiments on three working conditions and proves that in model test using little wind speed can get as similar results as using large wind speed, distribution board has better performance on mending uniformity than trough board, and the number of distribution board need setting properly and more boards, not always better effect. At last, by importing orthogonal test method, this paper has a completely review of main factors affecting airflow distribution through 27 groups of experiments and gets the sequence of influence degree according to the analysis of range and variance: position of the third distribution board (9.1)> position of the first distribution board (4.8)> opening ratio of the second distribution board (4.5)> position of the second distribution board (3.5)> position of the trough board (3.1)> distance between the second and the third distribution board (2.4)> opening ratio of the first distribution board (2.4)> distance between the first and the second distribution board (2.3)> opening ratio of the third distribution board (2.2)> distance between two trough board (1.0). As an exception of the distance between two trough boards is a notable factor, the others are all especially notable factors. Thus an approximately outline has been found for model test and locale alteration of airflow distribution in EP.
引文
[1] 西重所电除尘器鉴定会材料．西安重型机械研究所环保设各研究室．Q93-1
[2] 郝吉明，马广大著．大气污染控制工程．高等教育出版社，2002
[3] 黎在时．静电除尘器．冶金工业出版社，1993
[4] 涂建华，袁伟锋，朱培君．电除尘器气流分布的简易模拟计算．第十届全国电除尘／第二届脱硫学术会议论文集，2003．11：120-125
[5] H．J．怀特著．工业电收尘．冶金工业出版社，1984
[6] Niels F. Nielsen, Leif Lind, Elisabeth Akoh. Numerical Modeling of Gas Distribution in Electrostatic Precipitators. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Electrostatic Procipitation. 2001.9:7-15
[7] 杜震宇．电除尘器出入口气流分布对效率影响的初探．太原理工大学学报．33(4)，2002：426-429
[8] Christian Andersson, Leif Lind. A Critical Review on the Concept of Gas Distribution. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Electrostatic Procipitation. 2001.9: 71-82
[9] 杨文生，赵心夏．改进气流分布板是提高电收尘器收尘效率的有效途径 西南民族大学学报2003：
[10] 吴忠标著．大气污染控制技术．化学工业出版社．2002
[11] 赵俊起，刘同欣，张津．电除尘器气流均布装置最佳开孔率和孔形的实验研究．电力情报1，2001
[12] 付祖震．电除尘器现场气流分布测试位置的探讨．2，1992：46-49
[13] 梁振山，隋秀兰，朱有产．论电除尘器气流分布试验的测点选择．环境工程．12(2)：30-33
[14] 梁振山．电除尘器气流流动及分布试验的测点选择．河北电力技术．3，1994
[15] 嵇敬文编．除尘器．中国建筑工业出版社．1981
[16] 潘民兴．电除尘器气流模型的设置．建筑热能通风空凋．3，1994
[17] 周航，赵飚．气流分布测试软件的开发．鞍钢技术，2，2002：57-59
[18] 侯争胜，高海宁。计算软件CFX-TASC Flow在电除尘器气流分布均匀性中的
应用电力环境保护6，2001
[19] 魏名山，马朝臣。用PIV进行静电旋风除尘器流场的测定 北京理工大学学报4(20)，2000：496-499
[20] 刘佩福．微机用于电除尘器气流分布测试的研究．河北电力技术2，1993：49-53
[21] 蔡丽娟．静电除尘器气流分布模拟试验数据采集系统设计．水泥科技．4，2000：15-19
[22] 朱丽鹃，沈丽萍．70m~2电除尘器气流分布模拟实验研究．鞍钢技术．11，2000：46-49
[23] S小奧格尔斯比，GB尼科尔斯著[美]．谭天佑译．电除尘器．水力电力出版社．1983
[24] 傅祖震．漫谈电除尘器气流模型试验．电力环境保护．2，1992：49-53
[25] 赵俊起，王保生．多功能除尘模拟系统介绍．华北电力技术．8，2002：24-25
[26] Maria Jedrusik, Arkaduusz Swierczok, Edward Nowaczewski, Marian Sarana. Some Modification of A Gas Flow in An ESP for Efficiency Improvement. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Electrostatic Procipitation. 2001.9: 83-90
[27] Arthur G．Hein．粉尘二次飞扬、气流分布与电除尘器性能．电力情报．1991，1：91-99
[28] 杨衡，党小庆，赵昕慰．提高电收尘器效率的气流流型优化．第十届全国电除尘／第二届脱硫学术会议论文集，2003．11：126-129
[29] 高瑞生。烟尘浓度分布对二次扬尘影响的探讨。电力环境保护，17(3)，2001：26-28
[30] A.G. Hein. Dust Reentrainment, Gas Distribution and Electrostatic Precipitation Performance. JAPCA. 39(5),1989
[31] 张洪明．电除尘器效率公式——多依奇(Deutsch)公式的应用与分析．山东电力技术．6，2001：63-65
[32] Tsai, Ruey-yih. A Study of the Effect of Turbulence on Electrostatic Precipitator Performance. DAI-B 52/01, p. 486, Jul 1991
[33] Ron Ojanpera, Arthur G. Hein. Skewed Gas Flow Technology-A Method to Improve Precipitator Performance. Babcock&Wilcox. BR-1671
[34] Hein, A.G. Mechanical Aspects of Electrostatic Precipitator. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Electrostatic Precipitation, 1990
[35] 余常昭．环境流体力学导论．清华大学出版社．1992
[36] 清华大学水力学教研组编．水力学(上)．人民教育出版社．1981
[37] 张远君著．流体力学大全．北京航空航天大学出版社．1991
[38] 建筑工程常用数据系列手册编写组．暖通空调常用数据手册(第二版)．中国建筑工业出版社．2002
[39] 鞍山黑色冶金矿山设计研究院编．除尘设计参考资料．辽宁人民出版社．1978
[40] 北京大学数学力学系数学专业概率统计组编．正交设计．人民教育出版社．1976
[41] 《正交试验法》编写组．正交试验法．国防工业出版社．1976
[42] 李燕城主编．水处理实验技术．中国建筑工业出版社．1997
[43] 西安重型机械研究所．220m~2电除尘器模型试验．电除尘器．西安重型机械研究所印版．1982：1-30
[44] 诸暨电除尘器研究所．102m~2电除尘器气流分布模型试验．电除尘器．西安重型机械研究所印版．1982：31-97
[45] 刘喻石．屋顶电除尘器入口气流分布的数值模拟和试验研究．硕士学位论文
[46] 饶有发，万方舟．56m~2电除尘器气流分布及气密性测定分析．铜业工程．1，2001：54-55
[47] 水电部热工研究院．邵武电厂2~#炉电除尘器气流分布模拟试验．9，1978：37-175
[48] 芩文敏．鞍钢12号平炉电除尘器气流均布试验．电除尘器．西安重型机械研究所印版．1982：176-187
[49] 冶金部黑色样机二组．气流分布设计的修正与调整．电除尘器．西安重型机械研究所印版．1982：188-211
[50] 孙东福译．苏联电气除尘器中烟气分配设施探讨．电除尘器．西安重型机械研究所印版．1982：167-168
[2] 郝吉明，马广大著．大气污染控制工程．高等教育出版社，2002
[3] 黎在时．静电除尘器．冶金工业出版社，1993
[4] 涂建华，袁伟锋，朱培君．电除尘器气流分布的简易模拟计算．第十届全国电除尘／第二届脱硫学术会议论文集，2003．11：120-125
[5] H．J．怀特著．工业电收尘．冶金工业出版社，1984
[6] Niels F. Nielsen, Leif Lind, Elisabeth Akoh. Numerical Modeling of Gas Distribution in Electrostatic Precipitators. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Electrostatic Procipitation. 2001.9:7-15
[7] 杜震宇．电除尘器出入口气流分布对效率影响的初探．太原理工大学学报．33(4)，2002：426-429
[8] Christian Andersson, Leif Lind. A Critical Review on the Concept of Gas Distribution. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Electrostatic Procipitation. 2001.9: 71-82
[9] 杨文生，赵心夏．改进气流分布板是提高电收尘器收尘效率的有效途径 西南民族大学学报2003：
[10] 吴忠标著．大气污染控制技术．化学工业出版社．2002
[11] 赵俊起，刘同欣，张津．电除尘器气流均布装置最佳开孔率和孔形的实验研究．电力情报1，2001
[12] 付祖震．电除尘器现场气流分布测试位置的探讨．2，1992：46-49
[13] 梁振山，隋秀兰，朱有产．论电除尘器气流分布试验的测点选择．环境工程．12(2)：30-33
[14] 梁振山．电除尘器气流流动及分布试验的测点选择．河北电力技术．3，1994
[15] 嵇敬文编．除尘器．中国建筑工业出版社．1981
[16] 潘民兴．电除尘器气流模型的设置．建筑热能通风空凋．3，1994
[17] 周航，赵飚．气流分布测试软件的开发．鞍钢技术，2，2002：57-59
[18] 侯争胜，高海宁。计算软件CFX-TASC Flow在电除尘器气流分布均匀性中的
应用电力环境保护6，2001
[19] 魏名山，马朝臣。用PIV进行静电旋风除尘器流场的测定 北京理工大学学报4(20)，2000：496-499
[20] 刘佩福．微机用于电除尘器气流分布测试的研究．河北电力技术2，1993：49-53
[21] 蔡丽娟．静电除尘器气流分布模拟试验数据采集系统设计．水泥科技．4，2000：15-19
[22] 朱丽鹃，沈丽萍．70m~2电除尘器气流分布模拟实验研究．鞍钢技术．11，2000：46-49
[23] S小奧格尔斯比，GB尼科尔斯著[美]．谭天佑译．电除尘器．水力电力出版社．1983
[24] 傅祖震．漫谈电除尘器气流模型试验．电力环境保护．2，1992：49-53
[25] 赵俊起，王保生．多功能除尘模拟系统介绍．华北电力技术．8，2002：24-25
[26] Maria Jedrusik, Arkaduusz Swierczok, Edward Nowaczewski, Marian Sarana. Some Modification of A Gas Flow in An ESP for Efficiency Improvement. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Electrostatic Procipitation. 2001.9: 83-90
[27] Arthur G．Hein．粉尘二次飞扬、气流分布与电除尘器性能．电力情报．1991，1：91-99
[28] 杨衡，党小庆，赵昕慰．提高电收尘器效率的气流流型优化．第十届全国电除尘／第二届脱硫学术会议论文集，2003．11：126-129
[29] 高瑞生。烟尘浓度分布对二次扬尘影响的探讨。电力环境保护，17(3)，2001：26-28
[30] A.G. Hein. Dust Reentrainment, Gas Distribution and Electrostatic Precipitation Performance. JAPCA. 39(5),1989
[31] 张洪明．电除尘器效率公式——多依奇(Deutsch)公式的应用与分析．山东电力技术．6，2001：63-65
[32] Tsai, Ruey-yih. A Study of the Effect of Turbulence on Electrostatic Precipitator Performance. DAI-B 52/01, p. 486, Jul 1991
[33] Ron Ojanpera, Arthur G. Hein. Skewed Gas Flow Technology-A Method to Improve Precipitator Performance. Babcock&Wilcox. BR-1671
[34] Hein, A.G. Mechanical Aspects of Electrostatic Precipitator. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Electrostatic Precipitation, 1990
[35] 余常昭．环境流体力学导论．清华大学出版社．1992
[36] 清华大学水力学教研组编．水力学(上)．人民教育出版社．1981
[37] 张远君著．流体力学大全．北京航空航天大学出版社．1991
[38] 建筑工程常用数据系列手册编写组．暖通空调常用数据手册(第二版)．中国建筑工业出版社．2002
[39] 鞍山黑色冶金矿山设计研究院编．除尘设计参考资料．辽宁人民出版社．1978
[40] 北京大学数学力学系数学专业概率统计组编．正交设计．人民教育出版社．1976
[41] 《正交试验法》编写组．正交试验法．国防工业出版社．1976
[42] 李燕城主编．水处理实验技术．中国建筑工业出版社．1997
[43] 西安重型机械研究所．220m~2电除尘器模型试验．电除尘器．西安重型机械研究所印版．1982：1-30
[44] 诸暨电除尘器研究所．102m~2电除尘器气流分布模型试验．电除尘器．西安重型机械研究所印版．1982：31-97
[45] 刘喻石．屋顶电除尘器入口气流分布的数值模拟和试验研究．硕士学位论文
[46] 饶有发，万方舟．56m~2电除尘器气流分布及气密性测定分析．铜业工程．1，2001：54-55
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