河流水资源结构分解与洪水资源利用研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
近30年来,随着社会经济的发展,中国水资源供求矛盾日趋尖锐;特别是在北方地区,形势更为严峻;水资源短缺不仅影响到了经济发展,还造成许多严重的生态环境问题。为了缓解水资源危机,人们在对有限的水资源进行优化配置的同时,也在想方设法进行开源节流。在此形势下,洪水逐渐被人们纳入水资源开源的行列。尽管洪水自身具有淡水资源的属性,但与一般水资源不同,洪水可能给人们带来经济损失,因而洪水又不是传统意义上的水资源。洪水资源具有可利用性已经成为当前学术界的共识,相关研究也已经开展起来,并取得了一定成果。但已有洪水资源利用的研究多是以水库为对象,研究其汛限水位调整来实现。而对缺乏建立水利枢纽的平原地区,洪水资源利用的研究相对较少。本文以松嫩平原为背景,结合嫩江下游的径流特点,对平原地区的洪水资源利用的相关问题进行了分析研究,主要内容如下:
     (1)以河流水资源为研究对象,从维护河流生态平衡和量化洪水资源的角度出发,提出了河流水资源结构分解模型。将河流水资源划分为生态水量、安全水量、风险水量和灾害水量四部分。并根据各类水量的功能和特点,确定了其不同的计算方法,该理论为量化洪水资源,实现洪水资源利用提供理论依据。
     (2)在河流水资源结构分解的基础上,提出河段水资源结构分解模型,进而提出了河段洪水资源量计算方法。该模型能够对河段洪水资源量值进行评价,在资料充分的情况下可对整个流域干支流洪水资源状况进行评价。
     (3)综合考虑需求、可蓄水量以及蓄水时可承受的风险等因素,提出了平原地区洪水资源利用蓄水模型,将洪水利用状况划分为全蓄型和分蓄型。根据蓄水区蓄水前后防洪能力的变化,提出模型应用风险分析标准及其评估方法。
     (4)径流预报在安全利用洪水资源、降低利用风险方面具有重要作用。利用Mike 11软件对嫩江江桥至大赉站洪水模拟,通过对历史实测流量的模拟建立了洪水预报模型。所建立的模型较好地模拟了嫩江的实际情况,可以以此模型对大赉站进行洪水模拟,为嫩江下游洪水资源利用提供有益的信息和依据。
     (5)针对平原地区洪水资源利用的可能风险以及收益,建立洪水资源利用的风险效益评估模型。运用该模型对松嫩平原实现洪水资源利用分析,结果显示,洪水资源利用能够带来可观的效益。
Since 1980s, with the development of the social economy, the water crisis has been appearing in many regions in China. Especially at the North of China, the status is more serious. The water shortage not only affects the socioeconomic development, but brings many ecological environment problems. The austere water resources crisis compels people to find resolutions to alter this status. Thus rational arrangement the limited water resources become the first selection, and the broaden sources of income and reduce expenditure of the water is taken into account at the same time. Under this case, the flood water is bringing into the exploitable object. Despite the flood water possesses the property of the water resources, it has the special characteristics different with the common water resources, sometimes which can bring impossible economic losses for the society, as a result the flood water is not the traditional water resources. It has been realized by the academe that flood water can be utilized under certain conditions. And correlation researches have been carried out aiming at the reservoir; many research productions have been obtained for controlling the limited elevation of reservoir. These theory and method have significant importance on the reservoir utilization to realize the application of flood water. However, in some regions, such as the plain country, there is a lack of natural conditions to build reservoirs. The existing theory and method about the application of flood water are not appropriate for such areas. In order to address this issue, this paper presents the new means to realize the application of flood water in the Songnen Plain country. The major contents and research results are as follows:
     (1) At the point of the river ecosystem balance, river water utilization and flood protection, the theory of the River Water Structure(RWS) can be introduced. The method divides the whole volume of river water into four parts: namely environment water portion (EWP), safety water portion(SWP), risk water portion(RWP) and disaster water portion (DWP). The limit boundaries between the different water portions are the vital factors in the RWS, which can be determined by different methods according to the function and characteristic of different water portions. This theory can quantitatively classify river flood water, and which can provide theoretical source for utilization the flood water.
     (2) Basing on the theory of the RWS, the river reach RWS model is presented out. Then the calculation methods of flood runoff are put forward, which can evaluate the quantity of the fiver reach flood runoff. And the flood runoff of the whole fiver basin can be evaluated if the fundamental data is sufficient.
     (3) Basing on the river water resources structural division, the impounding model of utilization flood water for plain region is proposed. Considering the water requirement, potential impoundage and the degree of risk, two modes of the flood water utilization are developed, full impounding and partial impounding. The assessment method of the risk is put forward according to variation of the flood storage capacity before and after impounding water.
     (4) The runoff forecasting has the important action for utilization the flood water and reducing the flood risk at the same time. Making Use of the software(Mike 11) to simulate the flood hydrograph between the Jiangqiao and Dalai hydrological station, the flood forecasting model can be developed by simulating the course of the measured discharge. This model has a high accuracy standard, which can better simulate the flood course of the Nenjiang River. Many helpful information can be provided be by simulating the flood course of the Dalai hydrological station, which can be acted as the decision parameters during the course of utilization the flood water.
     (5) Aiming at the risk losses and possible profits during the course of utilization the flood water, the risk-return analysis model can be presented. Using this model to analyze the effect of utilization flood water in Songnen Plain, the results indicate that utilization flood water can bring considerable economic profits for this region.
引文
[1] 程晓陶.论有中国特色的洪水风险管理[J].水力发展研究,2001(4):1-6.
    [2] 程晓陶、吴玉成、王艳艳.洪水管理新理念与防洪安全保障体系的研究[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004.
    [3] 索丽生.高度重视水资源问题在农业、生态协调发展中的作用[J].水利电力科技2004,30(1):46-48.
    [4] 王浩,殷峻暹.洪水资源利用风险管理研究综述[J].水利发展研究,2004(5):4-8.
    [5] 武汉水利电力学院,水利水电科学研究院《中国水利史稿》编写组.中国水利史稿[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1985.
    [6] 席家治.黄河水资源[M]郑州:黄河水利出版社,1996.
    [7] 向立云,姜付仁.洪水资源化刍议[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2000.
    [8] A H Arthington, King J M. Development of a holistic approach for assessing environmental flow requirements o}" river ecosystems. Armindale: Water Allocation for the Environment, the Center for Policy Research, University of New England; 1992.
    [9] Davies B R. A synthesis of the ecological functioning, conservation and management of South African river systems[R]. Pretoria, South Africa: Water Research Commission Report 1993.
    [10] 向立云.洪水灾害特性变化分析[J].水利发展研究,2002(12):44-47.
    [11] 汪恕诚.中国防洪减灾的新策略.中国水利报 2003 6.5.
    [12] 钱正英,张光斗.中国可持续发展水资源战略研究综合报告及专题报告[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2001.
    [13] 甘弘.水资源合理配置理论与实践[D].北京:中国水利水电科学研究院,2000.
    [14] N. Buras. Scientific Allocation of Water Resources[M]. New York: American Elsevier Publication Co., 1972.
    [15] D. P. Loucks, Stedinger, J. R. and Haith D. A. Water resources systems planning and analysis [M]. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1981.
    [16] W. W-G. Yeh. Reservoir Management and Operations Models:A State-of-the-art Review [J]. WaterResources Research, 1985,21 (12): 1797-818.
    [17] R. Wardlaw, and M.Sharif. Evaluation of genetic algorithms for optimal reservoir system operation[J]. Water ResourceplanManageASCE, 1998,125(1):25-33.
    [18] James C.I. Dooge. The Emergence of Scientific Hydrology in the Twentieth Century[J]. Advances in Water Science, 1999(9).
    [19] H.J.Morel.Seytowx Tissa Illangse Kare. Groundwater Modelling(An introduction with Sample Programs in BASIC) (R). New York, U.S.A; 1986.
    [20] I.A.Shiklomanov. World Water Resources and Water Use: Modern Assessment and Outlook for Future[J]. Advances in water Science, 1999(9).
    [21] D. H. Noble J. Afzal. Optimization model for alternative use of different quality irrigation waters[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 1992,118:218-28.
    [22] C. Zhang M. Wang. Ground water management optimization using genetic algorithms and simulated annealing: Formulation and comparison[J]. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 1998,34(3):519-30.
    [23] L.L.Rogers V. M. Johnson. Accuracy of network approximators in simulation-optimization[J]. Water Resources Plan Manage, 2000,126(2):48-56.
    [24] Jahangir Morshed, Kaluarachchi.J.Iagath. Enhancements to genetic algorithm for optimal groundwater management[J]. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 2000,50(1):67-73.
    [25] R. H.Maier A. J. Vasquez. Achieving water quality system reliability using genetic algorithms [J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2000,126(10) :954-62.
    [26] 高波.洪水资源安全利用的理论和实践[D].南京:河海大学,2005.
    [27] B.A. Miller, A. Whitlock , R.C. Hughes. Flood management-The TVA Experience[J], water international, 1996,21(3):119-30.
    [28] Zelenhasic E Todorovic P. A stochastic model for flood analysis[J]. Water Resources Research, 1970,6(6): 1641-48.
    [29] Rousselle J Todorovic P. Some problems of flood analysis[J]. Water Resources Research, 1971,7(5):1144-50.
    [30] Wood E. F. Bayesian approach to analyzing uncertainty among flood frequency models[J]. Water Resources Research, 1975,11(6):839-43.
    [31] Archer D R. Seasonality of flooding and the assessment of flood risk[J]. Proc Inst Civ Eng, 1981,70:1023-35.
    [32] Kuczera G. On the relationship between the reliability of parameter estimates and hydrologic time series data used in calibration[J]. Water Resources Research, 1982,18(1):146-54.
    [33] Taylor M R Stedinger J R. Synthetic stream flow generation 1. Model verification and validation 2 Effect of parameter uncertainty[J]. Water Resources Research, 1982,18(4):919-24.
    [34] Stedinger J R. Design events with specified flood risk[J]. Water Resources Research, 1983,19(2):511-22.
    [35] Valdes J B Diaz-Granados M A, Bras R I. A Physically based flood frequency distribution[J]. Water Resources Research, 1984,20(7):995-1002.
    [36] Rosbjerg D. Rasmussen P F. Risk estimation in partial duration series[J]. Water Resources Research, 1989,25(11):2319-30.
    [37] Ang A H & Tang W H. Probability concepts in engineering planning and design[A]. Decision, Risk and Reliability[M]. New York; 1984.
    [38] Simonovic S.P. etal. Risk based parameter selection for shortterm reservoir operation[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 1992,131:269-91.
    [39] Nardiri A. On the integration of risk aversion and average performance optimization in reservoir control[J]. Water Resources Research, 1992,28(2):487-97.
    [40] Mengistu Woube. Flooding and sustainable land-water management in the lower Baro-Akobo river basin, Ethiopia[J]. Applied Geogaphy, 1999(19):235-51.
    [41] 涂向阳,高学平,韩延成,郭青平.天津市洪沥水资源化存储研究[J].自然资源学报,2006,21(3):333-40.
    [42] 大连工学院水利系水工教研室,大伙房水库工程管理局.水库控制运用[M].北京:水刺电力出版社,1978.
    [43] 大连理工大学,国家防汛抗旱总指挥部办公室.水库防洪预报调度方法及应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1996.
    [44] 李明宇,谷长叶,董霞等.观音阁-莅窝水库补偿防洪调度汛限水位研究[J].东北水利水电,2003(12):34-35.
    [45] 高波,王银堂,胡四一,水库汛限水位调整与运用[J].水科学进展,2005,16(3):326-33.
    [46] 殷峻暹,曹永强.基于供水风险分析的汛限水位控制范围研究[J].水科学进展,2005,16(3):401-05.
    [47] 冯平,韩松,李健.水库调整汛限水位的风险效益综合分析[J].水利学报,2006,37(4):451-56.
    [48] Liping Wang Ji Changrning, Shanyou Feng. A multiobjective reliability programming and decision making method in reservoir system management[J]. Modelling, Measurement &Control, France, 1994,44(3):1-11.
    [49] 冯平,陈根富.超汛限水位蓄水的风险效益分析[J].水利学报,1996(6):29-33.
    [50] 傅湘,纪昌明.水库汛期调度的最大洪灾风险率研究[J].水电能源科学,1998,16(2).
    [51] 田峰巍,黄强,解建仓.水库实施调度及风险决策[J].水利学报,1998(3):57-62.
    [52] 徐玉英,王本德.水库洪水预报子系统的风险分析[J].水文,2001,21(2):1-4.
    [53] 刘俊萍,田峰巍,黄强.水库洪水调度中的风险分析方法[J].水文,2001,21(3):1-3.
    [54] 陈守煜.堤防设计洪水风险分析[J].黑龙江水专学报,2001,28(4):1-3.
    [55] 黄振平,沈福新,朱元甡.基于雨洪预报信息的防洪决策风险分析方法研究.水科学进展,2001,12(4):499-503.
    [56] 肖义,郭生练,周芬.基于风险分析的大坝设计洪水标准研究[J].水力发电,2003,29(11):6-9.
    [57] 汪新宇,张翔,赖国伟.防洪体系超标洪水综合风险分析[J].水利学报,2004(2):83-87.
    [58] 王才君,郭生练,刘攀.三峡水库动态汛限水位洪水调度风险指标及综合评价模型研究[J].水科学进展.2004,15(3):376-81.
    [59] 邱瑞田,王本德,周惠成.水库汛期限制水位控制理论与观念的更新探讨[J].水科学进展,2004,15(1):68-72.
    [60] 高波,吴永祥,沈福新,胡四一.水库汛限水位动态控制的实现途径[J].水科学进展,2005,16(3):406-11.
    [61] 王本德,郑德凤,周惠成,马小兵.汛限水位动态控制方案优选方法及指标体系研究.大连理工大学学报,2007,47(1):113-18.
    [62] 向立云,彭静,张胜红.海河流域蓄滞洪区洪水资源化的示范研究[R].北京:中国水利水电科学研究院;2003.
    [63] 曲兴辉.基于平原水库的水资源调控模式研究[D].南京:河海大学,2005.
    [64] 高学平,郭磊,李兰秀.蓄滞洪区蓄水优化研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2006,20(5):46-50.
    [65] 彭静,骆辉煌,马巍,向立云.海河蓄滞洪区洪水资源利用的水污染风险分析[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2005,3(2):85-90.
    [66] 赵飞,王忠静,刘权.洪水资源化与湿地恢复研究[J].水利水电科技进展,2006,26(1):6-10.
    [67] 刘兴土.三江平原沼泽湿地的蓄水与调洪功能[J].湿地科学,2007,5(1):64-68.
    [68] 吴湘婷,江京会,苏青.洪水风险管理和洪水资源化浅议[J].人民黄河,2002,24(4):28-29.
    [69] 田友.海河流域水生态恢复与洪水资源化.中国水利,2002(7):29-30.
    [70] 李长安.长江洪水资源化思考[J].中国地质大学学报,2003,28(4):461-66.
    [71] 程殿龙,尚全民,万海斌,成福云.以科学精神和积极态度对待洪水资源化[J].中国水利,2004(15):25-27.
    [72] 张子向.潍坊市洪水资源利用研究[硕士论文].南京:河海大学,2005.
    [73] 张世博,杨名亮,夏立军.洪水资源化在吉林省白城市的实践及其启示.水利水电技术,2006,37(2):93-95.
    [74] 王劲峰.中国自然灾害影响评价方法研究[M].北京:中国科技出版社,1993.
    [75] 简明大不列颠百科全书[M].北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1985.
    [76] 中国大百科全书编委会.中国大百科全书·水文卷[M].北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1985.
    [77] 中国水利百科全书编委会.中国水利百科全书[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1991.
    [78] 张继群.洪灾神经网络模型与遥感分析系统研究.武汉:武汉水利电力大学,1995.
    [79] 地理词典[M].北京:万元图书公司,1979.
    [80] 现代科学技术词典[M].上海:上海科技出版社,1982.
    [81] 左大康.现代地理学词典[M].北京:商务印书馆,1990.
    [82] 魏一鸣,金菊良,杨建存等.洪水灾害风险管理理论[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
    [83] 蔡其华.国内外防洪工程经济评价[M].武汉:长江出版社,2006.
    [84] 许士国,党连文,牟志录.嫩江1998年特大洪水水环境影响分析[J].大连理工大学学报,2003,43(1):114-18.
    [85] 李长安,殷鸿福,俞立中.充分认识和利用洪水的淡水资源属性[J].科技导报,2001(7):3-5.
    [86] 水利部松辽水利委员会.东北地区水旱灾害[M].长春:吉林人民出版社,2003.
    [87] 许士国,李文义,周庆瑜.河流水资源结构分析研究[J].大连理工大学学报,2005,45(6):877-82.
    [88] 崔树彬.关于生态环境需水若干问题的探讨[J].中国水利,2001(8):71-74.
    [89] 张鑫,蔡焕杰.区域生态需水量与水资源调控模式研究综述[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2001,29(8):84-87.
    [90] 王西琴,刘昌明,杨志峰.河道最小环境需水量确定方法及其应用研究(Ⅰ)[J].环境科学学报,2001,21(5):544-47.
    [91] 倪晋仁,崔树彬,李天宏,金玲.论河流生态环境需水[J].水利学报,2002(9):14-19.
    [92] 张欧阳,许炯心,张洪武,金德生.洪水的灾害与资源效应及其转化模式[J].自然灾害学报,2003,12(1):25-30.
    [93] Pitlick J, Van Steeter M M. Geomorphology and endangered fish habitats of the upper Colorado River, 2. Linking sediment transport to habitat maintenance[J]. Water Resources Research, 1998,34(2):303-16.
    [94] 陆德福等编译.美国21世纪洪泛区管理[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2000.
    [95] 董四辉.水库防洪预报调度及灾情评价理论研究与应用[D].大连:大连理工大学,2005.
    [96] 徐志侠,陈敏建,董增川.湖泊最低生态水位计算方法[J].生态学报,2004,24(10):2324-28.
    [97] 孙涛,杨志峰.基于生态目标的河道生态环境需水量计算[J].环境科学学报,2005,26(5):43-48.
    [98] 刘健康.高级水生生物学[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.
    [99] 吉林省水产科学研究所.黑龙江水系渔业资源调查报告[R];1985.
    [100] 中国自然资源丛书编撰委员会.中国自然资源丛书—黑龙江卷[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1995.
    [101] 王武.鱼类增养殖学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
    [102] 高季章,胡春宏,陈绪坚.论黄河下游河道的改造与“二级悬河”的治理[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2004,2(1):8-18.
    [103] 水利部水文局,水利部松辽水利委员会水文局.1998年松花江暴雨洪水[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002.
    [104] 史红玲,胡春宏,王延贵,张燕菁.松花江干流河道演变与维持河道稳定的需水量研究[J].水利学报,2007,38(4):473-80.
    [105] 国家防汛总指挥部办公室组.防汛手册[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1992.
    [106] 高廷和.工程水文学[M].济南:山东工业大学出版社,1993.
    [107] 徐志侠,陈敏建,董增川.基于生态系统分析的河道最小生态需水计算方法研究[J].水利水电技术,2004,35(12):15-18.
    [108] Leonard PM Orth DJ. Comparison of discharge methods and habitat optimization for recommending instream flows to protect fish habitat[Y]. Regulated Rivers: Res Mgmt, 1990(5):129-38.
    [109] 孟宪民,崔保山,邓伟,吕宪国.松嫩流域特大洪灾的醒示:湿地功能的再认识[J].自然资源学报,1998,14(1):14-21.
    [110] 姜树海,范子武,吴时强.洪灾风险评估和防洪安全决策[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005.
    [111] 水利部东北勘测设计研究院.松花江流域防洪规划报告[R].长春;2003.
    [112] 水利部松辽水利委员会.1998年松花江大洪水[M].长春:吉林人民出版社,2002.
    [113] 水利部松辽水利委员会.中国江河防洪丛书—松花江卷[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1994.
    [114] 曹永强.汛限水位动态控制方法研究及其风险分析[D].大连:大连理工大学,2003.
    [115] 王本德,朱永英,张改红,周惠成.应用中央气象台24h降雨预报的可行性分析[J].水文,2005,25(3):30-34.
    [116] 张真奇,夏自强.洪水预报水文水力学模型研究[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2002,30(9).
    [117] 张振全.洞庭湖区洪水模拟模型应用研究(硕士学位论文).武汉:武汉大学,2005.
    [118] 侯召成.水库防洪预报调度模糊集与风险分析理论研究与应用[D].大连:大连理工大学,2004.
    [119] 黄诗峰.洪水灾害风险分析的理论与方法研究[D].北京:中国科学院地理研究所,1999.
    [120] 鄂竞平.论控制洪水向洪水管理转变[J].中国水利,2004(8):15-21.
    [121] 李玮.洪水资源化利用模式及风险分析.武汉:武汉大学(硕士论文),2004.
    [122] 刘国纬.论防洪减灾非工程措施的定义与分类.水科学进展,2003,14(1):98-103.
    [123] 黑龙江省水利厅.黑龙江省水旱灾害[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江省科学技术出版社,1998.
    [124] 彭世彰,朱成立.节水灌溉的作物需水量试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2003,22(2):21-25.
    [125] 陈明.晋西黄土高原补灌果园耗水及产量关系研究(硕士学位论文).北京:北京林业大学,2006.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700