冷连轧机轧制温度模型及其影响因素的研究
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摘要
现代科技的发展使得用户对冷轧板带材的质量提出了越来越高的要求。实践表明,为了提高冷连轧产品的质量,在生产过程中如何通过对轧制温度进行合理控制以获取良好的表面质量和板形已经成为现场关注的焦点问题之一。
本论文在系统地研究了冷连轧轧制过程中引起轧件和轧辊温度变化的主要影响因素的基础上,对冷连轧过程中的温度变化及相应解析方法进行了简单介绍。同时,不但考虑到轧辊的弹性变形,而且考虑到轧件的弹性变形,将变形区分为入口弹性区、塑性变形区和出口弹性区三个部分准确计算了变形区长度和平均轧制力,并以此为基础对引起温度变化的两大主要因素—变形热和摩擦热进行了计算。
根据实际参数,分析并做出了入口热轧带钢初始温度、传热系数、最后机架与卷取机之间的空冷传热系数等因素对温度的影响规律图。
本文在研究轧制温度模型的过程中,以W.L.Roberts模型为基础,通过将冷连轧特性与变形热和摩擦热的计算相结合并将乳化液传热系数作为变量处理建立了一套新的带材从机架入口到出口的温度预报模型,并取代表钢卷的温度实测值与预报模型的计算值进行对比,验证了该温度预报模型的预报精度。
在上述模型的基础上,分别用Fortran语言和Visual Basic编制了温度预报软件和软件界面,该软件操作简单方便且已实际应用到1220五机架冷连轧机上,实现了对温度的有意识控制,取得了良好的使用效果,大大改善了带钢的表面质量和板形精度,得到了现场的充分认可。
With the development of modern technology, the quality of the cold rolled strip should be kept improving to satisfy the user’s demands. It is indicated that in order to improve the quality of the cold rolled products, how to get good surface quality and strip shape by controlling the rolling temperature properly during the rolling process has become one of the most important problems in the field.
On the basis of the systematical analysis on the main factors that cause the temperature change of the rolled piece and rollers during the process of cold tandem rolling, this paper made a brief introduction of the temperature change in the rolling process and its analytic methods. Meanwhile, it took the elastic deformation of both the rollers and the rolled piece into account. And the length and the average rolling force of every area were precisely calculated by dividing the deformed area into entry elastic area, plastic area and outlet elastic area, on the basis of which the two main factors deformation heat and friction heat that caused the temperature change in the cold tandem rolling process were calculated.
According to the practical parameters, the influences of the initial temperature of the hot rolled strip, heat-transfer coefficient, the air cooling heat-transfer coefficient between the last stand and the coiling machine were analyzed and the figures of influencing rules were made.
In the process of the temperature analyzing, on the basis of W.L.Roberts model, a new mathematical model of predicting the temperature of the strip from the entry to the outlet were established by combining the features of tandem rolling and the calculation of the deformation heat and the friction heat and taking the emulsion heat-transfer coefficient as a variable. Temperatures of representative coils were measured and compared with the predicted values ofthe temperature calculating model and its forecasting precision was verified.On the basis of the temperature model above, the software of temperature prognostic and the interface of the software were individually established by Fortran and Visual Basic. This software is very simple and convenient to work with and it has been used practically on 1220mm five-stand cold tandem mills. Conscious pre-control of the temperature and good effectiveness which reduced the influence of the temperature on the surface quality and shape of the strip to a great extent were accomplished. It has been well accepted by the field.
本论文在系统地研究了冷连轧轧制过程中引起轧件和轧辊温度变化的主要影响因素的基础上,对冷连轧过程中的温度变化及相应解析方法进行了简单介绍。同时,不但考虑到轧辊的弹性变形,而且考虑到轧件的弹性变形,将变形区分为入口弹性区、塑性变形区和出口弹性区三个部分准确计算了变形区长度和平均轧制力,并以此为基础对引起温度变化的两大主要因素—变形热和摩擦热进行了计算。
根据实际参数,分析并做出了入口热轧带钢初始温度、传热系数、最后机架与卷取机之间的空冷传热系数等因素对温度的影响规律图。
本文在研究轧制温度模型的过程中,以W.L.Roberts模型为基础,通过将冷连轧特性与变形热和摩擦热的计算相结合并将乳化液传热系数作为变量处理建立了一套新的带材从机架入口到出口的温度预报模型,并取代表钢卷的温度实测值与预报模型的计算值进行对比,验证了该温度预报模型的预报精度。
在上述模型的基础上,分别用Fortran语言和Visual Basic编制了温度预报软件和软件界面,该软件操作简单方便且已实际应用到1220五机架冷连轧机上,实现了对温度的有意识控制,取得了良好的使用效果,大大改善了带钢的表面质量和板形精度,得到了现场的充分认可。
With the development of modern technology, the quality of the cold rolled strip should be kept improving to satisfy the user’s demands. It is indicated that in order to improve the quality of the cold rolled products, how to get good surface quality and strip shape by controlling the rolling temperature properly during the rolling process has become one of the most important problems in the field.
On the basis of the systematical analysis on the main factors that cause the temperature change of the rolled piece and rollers during the process of cold tandem rolling, this paper made a brief introduction of the temperature change in the rolling process and its analytic methods. Meanwhile, it took the elastic deformation of both the rollers and the rolled piece into account. And the length and the average rolling force of every area were precisely calculated by dividing the deformed area into entry elastic area, plastic area and outlet elastic area, on the basis of which the two main factors deformation heat and friction heat that caused the temperature change in the cold tandem rolling process were calculated.
According to the practical parameters, the influences of the initial temperature of the hot rolled strip, heat-transfer coefficient, the air cooling heat-transfer coefficient between the last stand and the coiling machine were analyzed and the figures of influencing rules were made.
In the process of the temperature analyzing, on the basis of W.L.Roberts model, a new mathematical model of predicting the temperature of the strip from the entry to the outlet were established by combining the features of tandem rolling and the calculation of the deformation heat and the friction heat and taking the emulsion heat-transfer coefficient as a variable. Temperatures of representative coils were measured and compared with the predicted values ofthe temperature calculating model and its forecasting precision was verified.On the basis of the temperature model above, the software of temperature prognostic and the interface of the software were individually established by Fortran and Visual Basic. This software is very simple and convenient to work with and it has been used practically on 1220mm five-stand cold tandem mills. Conscious pre-control of the temperature and good effectiveness which reduced the influence of the temperature on the surface quality and shape of the strip to a great extent were accomplished. It has been well accepted by the field.
引文
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2 文庆明.轧钢机械.北京:化学工业出版社,2004:85
3 W.L 罗伯茨.冷轧带钢生产(上).北京:冶金工业出版社,1985:13-14,38,317-356
4 傅作宝.冷轧薄板生产.北京.冶金工业出版社,1996:1-9,153-170
5 贺毓辛.冷轧板带生产.北京:冶金工业出版社,1992:1-30
6 唐谋凤.现代带钢冷连轧机的自动化.北京:冶金工业出版社,1995.8:1-6
7 邬月兔.国内外冷轧机发展综述.江苏冶金,1989,(1):27-31
8 杨美顺.现代冷轧机发展现状及展望.中国冶金,2004,(10):13-17
9 中国金属学会轧钢学会冷轧板带学术委员会.中国冷轧板带大全.北京:冶金工业出版社,2005:1-363
10 王泰昌, 宋加.我国宽窄带钢的发展和经济分析.冶金管理,2004,(1):31-34
11 肖白.我国冷轧板带生产技术进步 20 年及展望.轧钢,2004,21(6):16-19
12 陈守群.宝钢 3 套冷连轧机板形控制技术简介.轧钢,1999.6:39-42
13 伍仲华.浅析我国冷轧(宽)板带的发展空间.重型机械科技,2004,(3):52-54
14 吴隆华.日本冷带钢生产.北京:冶金工业出版社,1992,(3):4-28
15 詹宗勉.工程热力学和传热学.大连:大连海事大学出版社,1995:209-215
16 A.A.Tseng,S.X.Tong,M.Raudensky.Thermal Expansion and Crown Evaluations in Rolling Process. Steel Research, 1996, 67(5):188-199
17 Li Jia,Ying Mao,Lixin Yang.Temperature Distribution and Heat Saturating Time of Regenerative Heat Transfer. J. of Thermal Science,Vol.15, No.2:175-180
18 杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学.北京:高等教育出版社,1998:20-27
19 王国栋译.板带轧制理论与实践.北京:中国铁道出版社,1990:181-208
20 曹鸿德.塑性变形力学基础与轧制原理. 北京:机械工业出版社,1998:151-152,231
21 白振华.冷带钢轧机板形控制技术的开发研究.[燕山大学工学博士学位论文].2001:17-27
22 连家创,白振华.宝钢 2030 冷连轧机工艺润滑制度的研究.[鉴定材料].秦皇岛燕山大学:2003:30-34
23 白振华,杜雄,李兴东,等.宝钢 1220 五机架冷连轧机轧制温度模型的研究.[结题报告].秦皇岛燕山大学:2006:94-138
24 连家创.冷轧薄板轧制压力和极小厚度计算.重型机械,1979,(2):20-37
25 连家创.冷轧薄板轧制压力和极小厚度计算.重型机械,1979,(3):21-34
26 戚向东.宝钢新建板带轧机轧制规程及机型选择的研究.[燕山大学工学博士学位论文].2002: 4-5,13-18
27 白振华, 连家创, 王骏飞.冷连轧机以预防打滑为目标的压下规程优化研究.钢铁,2003,38(10):35-38
28 周庆田, 于丙强.冷连轧机轧制过程中温度模型的研究.重型机械,2003,(2):19-40
29 周庆田.冷连轧过程中机架间带材温度分布及其影响因素的研究.上海金属,2004: 26(4):30-33
30 Xianlei Hu, Zhong Zhao, Jun Wang. Optimization of Holding Temperature and Holding Thickness for Controlled Rolling on Plate Mill. Journal of Iron and Steel Research, International. 2006,13(3):21-25
31 杨节.轧制过程数学模型.北京:冶金工业出版社,1993.10:1-4
32 王国栋.板形控制和板形理论.北京:冶金工业出版社,1986:380-438
33 郭太雄.乳化液使用性能对轧后带钢表面清洁度的影响.轧钢,2005,2:56
34 张振友.板带钢轧机压下规程能量优化设计.有色金属,1998.2:51-54
35 张利, 张理刚, 王国栋,等.轧制温度计算的一种新方法.冶金丛刊,1998(1):31-33
36 魏立群, 柳谋渊.冷轧宽带钢轧制规程优化.上海金属,1997,(11):49-53
37 大久保宣夫.塑性と加工.1980:229
38 李俊洪.板带轧机板形计算理论及其在宽带轧制中应用研究[燕山大学工学博士学位论文].2003:15-18
39 郭振宇.板带轧制过程工作辊温度场与热辊型研究[燕山大学工学硕士学位论文].2004:12-30
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