嵌入式车载计算机通信设备的设计与开发
摘要
为实时、可靠地对TCN运行情况进行监控,目前实际列车通信设备中往往设置车载计算机作为其核心。嵌入式系统是控制、监视或者辅助控制设备运行的系统,它是软件和硬件的结合体,适用于像车载计算机应用系统这样对功能、可靠性、体积和功耗要求都比较严格的专用计算机系统。国外对列车通信设备的开发技术相对成熟,已经实现了嵌入式车载计算机与TCN技术的结合,且正形成垄断态势。而国内对该项技术的研究起步较晚,开发应用较少,尚需搭建实验平台,开发出具有自主知识产权的设备产品,以增强国际竞争力并推动我国列车通信网络的建设。
VME总线是嵌入式系统常用的板级通信总线。本文以实现VME的板级通信为切入点,搭建了嵌入式计算机与TCN网络MVB层的互联系统,使得该通信设备具有MVB网络接口功能。因为实验室的MVB技术成熟,所以研究工作主要围绕嵌入式系统主控单元和VME总线接口展开。
嵌入式系统主控单元是基于Power PC处理器MPC8245,在VxWorks操作系统中对开发板自下向上进行了二次开发,以满足硬软件实际的接口和功能需求。硬件上设计并制作了与开发板匹配的接口板,软件上在Tornado2.2环境中开发了Vx Works操作系统下适用于硬件的底层BSP,并开发顶层应用程序,通过测试对串口、以太网、VME总线访问、实时时钟和看门狗等各个单元模块进行了验证。
全自主研发具有MVB接口的3U通信板卡,完成硬件设计和部分软件设计：VME逻辑接口功能采用Verilog HDL硬件语言在FPGA上开发,实现A16/D16模式数据交换；MVB网络设备功能采用FPGA+NiosII软核处理器的方式,移植了实验室自主研发的MVBC内核,并在顶层设计了配合上位机对MVB网络数据进行读写的应用程序。
在上述研究成果的基础上,结合实验室现有的MVB设备进行了符合现场应用的电气中距离的组网实验。根据通信设备实际需求,在VC++6.0环境下开发了基于以太网通信的上位机软件。在实验中,使用上位机经由主控单元对MVB网络设备进行配置,并通过VME总线读写网络数据,验证了方案可行性。
最后,总结了论文中所涉及工作的重点成果,指出了本系统中有待继续完善的技术点,并对列车网络通信设备技术的发展趋势进行了展望。
In order to monitor real-time, reliable operation of TCN, communication equipments on actual trains often set up a microcomputer as the core at present. The embedded system is the system to control, monitor, or assist control operation of equipments, which is a combination of software and hardware. It applys to the special computer system with demanding function, reliability, volume and power consumption, such as the on-board microcomputer application system. Foreign train communication equipment technology is relatively mature and it has been realized to combine the embedded on-board computer with TCN, which formed a kind of monopoly advantage. On contrary, the domestic technology started later and application development is less. It's necessary to build experimental platform to develop the equipment products with independent intellectual property rights, so as to enhance the international competitiveness and promote the construction of native train communication network.
VME bus is the commonly used board level communication bus in embedded system. This paper taking realizing the board level VME communication as the breakthrough point, built the interconnected system between embedded computer and MVB layer of TCN network, allowing the communication equipment to own MVB network interface function. Because of the laboratory mature MVB technology, the work focused on the embedded system master control unit and VME bus interface.
To meet the actual interface and functional requirements on both hardware and software, it accomplished bottom-up secondary development of development board in VxWorks operating systems based on Power PC processor MPC8245. In the respect of hardware, it designed and produced the interface board matching for the MPC8245development board. In the respect of software, it developed the bottom BSP fit for the hardware used in Vx Works operating system, in Tornado2.2environment. Besides, the top applications have been designed and each unit module on the main control board has been tested including UART, Ethernet, VME bus access, real time clock and watchdog, etc.
Then the paper researched and developed a3U communication unit with MVB interface independently, which covered hardware and a part of software:VME logical interface function using Verilog HDL hardware language to realize data exchange in A16/D16mode on FPGA; MVB network equipment function based on the method of FPGA+NiosII soft processors, transplanted independent laboratory MVBC kernel, and designed the top applications to read or write MVB network data matching for PC
On the basis of above achievements, it finished the network experiment using laboratory existing MVB equipment, according to to field application of EMD. In additional, according to the equipment's actual demand, it used VC++6.0to develop PC software based on Ethernet. In the experiment, PC software can get through MVB configuration and reading or writing network data on VME bus through CPU board, which proved the feasibility of the program.
Finally, the paper summarized the key achievements about the work, and pointed out the technical points that the system needs to be continued to improve. What's more, the development tendency of train network communication equipment technology was analyzed on the forecast.
VME总线是嵌入式系统常用的板级通信总线。本文以实现VME的板级通信为切入点,搭建了嵌入式计算机与TCN网络MVB层的互联系统,使得该通信设备具有MVB网络接口功能。因为实验室的MVB技术成熟,所以研究工作主要围绕嵌入式系统主控单元和VME总线接口展开。
嵌入式系统主控单元是基于Power PC处理器MPC8245,在VxWorks操作系统中对开发板自下向上进行了二次开发,以满足硬软件实际的接口和功能需求。硬件上设计并制作了与开发板匹配的接口板,软件上在Tornado2.2环境中开发了Vx Works操作系统下适用于硬件的底层BSP,并开发顶层应用程序,通过测试对串口、以太网、VME总线访问、实时时钟和看门狗等各个单元模块进行了验证。
全自主研发具有MVB接口的3U通信板卡,完成硬件设计和部分软件设计：VME逻辑接口功能采用Verilog HDL硬件语言在FPGA上开发,实现A16/D16模式数据交换；MVB网络设备功能采用FPGA+NiosII软核处理器的方式,移植了实验室自主研发的MVBC内核,并在顶层设计了配合上位机对MVB网络数据进行读写的应用程序。
在上述研究成果的基础上,结合实验室现有的MVB设备进行了符合现场应用的电气中距离的组网实验。根据通信设备实际需求,在VC++6.0环境下开发了基于以太网通信的上位机软件。在实验中,使用上位机经由主控单元对MVB网络设备进行配置,并通过VME总线读写网络数据,验证了方案可行性。
最后,总结了论文中所涉及工作的重点成果,指出了本系统中有待继续完善的技术点,并对列车网络通信设备技术的发展趋势进行了展望。
In order to monitor real-time, reliable operation of TCN, communication equipments on actual trains often set up a microcomputer as the core at present. The embedded system is the system to control, monitor, or assist control operation of equipments, which is a combination of software and hardware. It applys to the special computer system with demanding function, reliability, volume and power consumption, such as the on-board microcomputer application system. Foreign train communication equipment technology is relatively mature and it has been realized to combine the embedded on-board computer with TCN, which formed a kind of monopoly advantage. On contrary, the domestic technology started later and application development is less. It's necessary to build experimental platform to develop the equipment products with independent intellectual property rights, so as to enhance the international competitiveness and promote the construction of native train communication network.
VME bus is the commonly used board level communication bus in embedded system. This paper taking realizing the board level VME communication as the breakthrough point, built the interconnected system between embedded computer and MVB layer of TCN network, allowing the communication equipment to own MVB network interface function. Because of the laboratory mature MVB technology, the work focused on the embedded system master control unit and VME bus interface.
To meet the actual interface and functional requirements on both hardware and software, it accomplished bottom-up secondary development of development board in VxWorks operating systems based on Power PC processor MPC8245. In the respect of hardware, it designed and produced the interface board matching for the MPC8245development board. In the respect of software, it developed the bottom BSP fit for the hardware used in Vx Works operating system, in Tornado2.2environment. Besides, the top applications have been designed and each unit module on the main control board has been tested including UART, Ethernet, VME bus access, real time clock and watchdog, etc.
Then the paper researched and developed a3U communication unit with MVB interface independently, which covered hardware and a part of software:VME logical interface function using Verilog HDL hardware language to realize data exchange in A16/D16mode on FPGA; MVB network equipment function based on the method of FPGA+NiosII soft processors, transplanted independent laboratory MVBC kernel, and designed the top applications to read or write MVB network data matching for PC
On the basis of above achievements, it finished the network experiment using laboratory existing MVB equipment, according to to field application of EMD. In additional, according to the equipment's actual demand, it used VC++6.0to develop PC software based on Ethernet. In the experiment, PC software can get through MVB configuration and reading or writing network data on VME bus through CPU board, which proved the feasibility of the program.
Finally, the paper summarized the key achievements about the work, and pointed out the technical points that the system needs to be continued to improve. What's more, the development tendency of train network communication equipment technology was analyzed on the forecast.
引文
[1]朱琴跃.列车通信网络实时性理论与方法研究同济大学[博士学位论文].2008.
[2]IEC61375—1(1999). Part h Train Communication Network[s].
[3]陈楚.TCN数据传输实时性与可靠性的研究与实现.中南大学[硕士学位论文].2005.
[4]徐惠民.基于VxWorks的嵌入式系统及实验.北京：北京邮电大学出版社.2006.
[5]罗可.基于VxWorks的数据采集系统的开发研究.南京理工大学[硕士学位论文],2007.
[6]朱珍民,隋雪青等.嵌入式实时操作系统及其应用开发.北京：北京邮电大学出版社.2006.
[7]孔祥营,柏桂枝.嵌入式实时操作系统VxWorks及其开发环境Tornado北京：中国电力出版社.2002.
[8]Zhen Zhang. "Design and implementation of control system software based on VxWorks multi-tasks". Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering (ICACTE), 2010 3rd International Conference.
[9]雷航,王茜.现代微处理器及总线技术.北京：国防工业出版社.2006.
[10]赵明富.嵌入式系统的总线技术及应用[J].微计算机信息.2005,21(06Z).
[11]陈彦.基于VME总线的MVB通信板的设计与开发.北京交通大学[硕士学位论文].2011.
[12]Roland Chochoiek. VME总线概述[J].电子展望与决策.1995.1：48-52.
[13]苏弘.一个VME总线接口电路[J].核电子与探测技术.2001,21(5)：338-340.
[14]谢长生,徐睿.VME总线接口逻辑分析和电路设计[J].电子与封装.2004,4(2)：34-40.
[15]李正军.现场总线及其应用技术.北京：机械工业出版社.2005.
[16]顾斐嵌.入式计算机现状和发展.第十一届全国抗恶劣环境计算机学术年会.2001
[17]彭友铭,肖子枫CPCI总线与VME总线桥接底板的研制[J].计算机工程.2006,32(24)：247-250.
[18]肖家博.嵌入式列车网络控制系统软件平台的设计与实现.湖南大学[工程硕士学位论文].2011.
[19]邝艳菊.列车通信网中MVB总线管理器的研究与实现.湖南科技大学[硕士学位论文].2010.
[20]ANSI/VITA 1-1994, American National Standard for VME64[S].
[21]ANSI/VITA 1.1-1997, American National Standard for VME64 Extensions[S].
[22]王敏等.VME总线桥控制器主模块和从模块的设计[J].系统工程与电子技术.2004,26(7)：954-957.
[23]宋涛.VME总线控制器数据传输机制的实现.电子科技大学[硕士学位论文].2006.
[24]陈大港.嵌入式控制器模块中VME总线接口电路的设计[J].测控技术.2000,19(4)：31-33.
[25]刘建伟.轨道交通车辆MVB通信网络的研究与设计实现.北京交通大学[硕士学位论文].2006.
[26]杨宁.TCN网关相关技术的研究应用.北京交通大学[硕士学位论文].2007.
[27]刘建伟,谭南林等.多功能车辆总线系统性能分析[J].铁道学报.2006,28(6)：83-87.
[28]曾争,蔡蕾.MVB网络重复器的设计[J].电力机车与城轨车辆.2009,32(2)：31-33.
[29]Iturbe, X.; Zuloaga, A.; Jimenez, J.; Lazaro, J.; Martin, J.L. "A novel SoC architecture for a MVB slave node," in IEEE International Conference on Industrial Electronics, 2008.
[30]刘文清.基于TCN的列车通信网络系统研究.北京交通大学[硕士学位论文].2007.
[31]贾智平,张瑞华.嵌入式系统原理与接口技术.北京：清华大学出版社.2009.
[32]朱珍民,隋雪青,段斌.嵌入式实时操作系统及其应用开发.北京：北京邮电大学出版社.2006.
[33]张茹,孙松林,于晓刚.嵌入式系统技术基础.北京：北京邮电大学出版社.2005.
[34]陈智育VxWorks程序开发实践.北京：人民邮电出版社.2004.
[35]于兴晗.基于嵌入式操作系统VxWorks和MPC860T的内容过滤防火墙设计及实现—硬件设计及实现.北方工业大学[硕士学位论文].2008.
[36]叶露.基于MPC860的VxWorks嵌入式系统在TCN网关中的应用.华中科技大学[硕十学位论文].2006.
[37]VxWorks Programmer's Guide(Version 5.5). WindRiver.2002.
[38]张杨,于银涛VxWorks内核、设备驱动与BSP开发详解.北京：人民邮电出版社.2011.
[39]刘小念.基于MPC860和VxWorks的通信交换平台设计与实现.华中科技大学[硕士学位论文].2007.
[40]滕晓燕.基于VxWorks的机车监控系统数据通信技术的研究与实现.哈尔滨工程大学[硕士学位论文].2007.
[41]李忠民.ARM嵌入式VxWorks实践教程.北京：航空航天大学出版社.2006.
[42]杨东.基于MPC8260和VxWorks的网络通信平台的实现.天津大学[硕士学位论文].2005.
[43]魏刚.基于嵌入式VxWorks的通信接口的设计与实现.华东师范大学[硕士学位论文].2007.
[44]褚哲,朱擎VxWorks下BSP分析及VxWorks裁减[J].计算机技术与发展.2006,16：129-131.
[45]陈瑞,张巍,王在方,刘琼.基于MPC824X芯片的处理器卡的设计与实现[J].计算机工程与应用.2004,13：102-105.
[2]IEC61375—1(1999). Part h Train Communication Network[s].
[3]陈楚.TCN数据传输实时性与可靠性的研究与实现.中南大学[硕士学位论文].2005.
[4]徐惠民.基于VxWorks的嵌入式系统及实验.北京：北京邮电大学出版社.2006.
[5]罗可.基于VxWorks的数据采集系统的开发研究.南京理工大学[硕士学位论文],2007.
[6]朱珍民,隋雪青等.嵌入式实时操作系统及其应用开发.北京：北京邮电大学出版社.2006.
[7]孔祥营,柏桂枝.嵌入式实时操作系统VxWorks及其开发环境Tornado北京：中国电力出版社.2002.
[8]Zhen Zhang. "Design and implementation of control system software based on VxWorks multi-tasks". Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering (ICACTE), 2010 3rd International Conference.
[9]雷航,王茜.现代微处理器及总线技术.北京：国防工业出版社.2006.
[10]赵明富.嵌入式系统的总线技术及应用[J].微计算机信息.2005,21(06Z).
[11]陈彦.基于VME总线的MVB通信板的设计与开发.北京交通大学[硕士学位论文].2011.
[12]Roland Chochoiek. VME总线概述[J].电子展望与决策.1995.1：48-52.
[13]苏弘.一个VME总线接口电路[J].核电子与探测技术.2001,21(5)：338-340.
[14]谢长生,徐睿.VME总线接口逻辑分析和电路设计[J].电子与封装.2004,4(2)：34-40.
[15]李正军.现场总线及其应用技术.北京：机械工业出版社.2005.
[16]顾斐嵌.入式计算机现状和发展.第十一届全国抗恶劣环境计算机学术年会.2001
[17]彭友铭,肖子枫CPCI总线与VME总线桥接底板的研制[J].计算机工程.2006,32(24)：247-250.
[18]肖家博.嵌入式列车网络控制系统软件平台的设计与实现.湖南大学[工程硕士学位论文].2011.
[19]邝艳菊.列车通信网中MVB总线管理器的研究与实现.湖南科技大学[硕士学位论文].2010.
[20]ANSI/VITA 1-1994, American National Standard for VME64[S].
[21]ANSI/VITA 1.1-1997, American National Standard for VME64 Extensions[S].
[22]王敏等.VME总线桥控制器主模块和从模块的设计[J].系统工程与电子技术.2004,26(7)：954-957.
[23]宋涛.VME总线控制器数据传输机制的实现.电子科技大学[硕士学位论文].2006.
[24]陈大港.嵌入式控制器模块中VME总线接口电路的设计[J].测控技术.2000,19(4)：31-33.
[25]刘建伟.轨道交通车辆MVB通信网络的研究与设计实现.北京交通大学[硕士学位论文].2006.
[26]杨宁.TCN网关相关技术的研究应用.北京交通大学[硕士学位论文].2007.
[27]刘建伟,谭南林等.多功能车辆总线系统性能分析[J].铁道学报.2006,28(6)：83-87.
[28]曾争,蔡蕾.MVB网络重复器的设计[J].电力机车与城轨车辆.2009,32(2)：31-33.
[29]Iturbe, X.; Zuloaga, A.; Jimenez, J.; Lazaro, J.; Martin, J.L. "A novel SoC architecture for a MVB slave node," in IEEE International Conference on Industrial Electronics, 2008.
[30]刘文清.基于TCN的列车通信网络系统研究.北京交通大学[硕士学位论文].2007.
[31]贾智平,张瑞华.嵌入式系统原理与接口技术.北京：清华大学出版社.2009.
[32]朱珍民,隋雪青,段斌.嵌入式实时操作系统及其应用开发.北京：北京邮电大学出版社.2006.
[33]张茹,孙松林,于晓刚.嵌入式系统技术基础.北京：北京邮电大学出版社.2005.
[34]陈智育VxWorks程序开发实践.北京：人民邮电出版社.2004.
[35]于兴晗.基于嵌入式操作系统VxWorks和MPC860T的内容过滤防火墙设计及实现—硬件设计及实现.北方工业大学[硕士学位论文].2008.
[36]叶露.基于MPC860的VxWorks嵌入式系统在TCN网关中的应用.华中科技大学[硕十学位论文].2006.
[37]VxWorks Programmer's Guide(Version 5.5). WindRiver.2002.
[38]张杨,于银涛VxWorks内核、设备驱动与BSP开发详解.北京：人民邮电出版社.2011.
[39]刘小念.基于MPC860和VxWorks的通信交换平台设计与实现.华中科技大学[硕士学位论文].2007.
[40]滕晓燕.基于VxWorks的机车监控系统数据通信技术的研究与实现.哈尔滨工程大学[硕士学位论文].2007.
[41]李忠民.ARM嵌入式VxWorks实践教程.北京：航空航天大学出版社.2006.
[42]杨东.基于MPC8260和VxWorks的网络通信平台的实现.天津大学[硕士学位论文].2005.
[43]魏刚.基于嵌入式VxWorks的通信接口的设计与实现.华东师范大学[硕士学位论文].2007.
[44]褚哲,朱擎VxWorks下BSP分析及VxWorks裁减[J].计算机技术与发展.2006,16：129-131.
[45]陈瑞,张巍,王在方,刘琼.基于MPC824X芯片的处理器卡的设计与实现[J].计算机工程与应用.2004,13：102-105.