新型安全系统工程方法
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摘要
安全系统工程方法是安全科学领域最核心的内容,也是危险性分析及安全评价最重要的手段。目前国内外现有安全系统工程分析方法具有共同的缺点,其分析结果在很大程度上依赖于分析者本人的因素,如研究者的知识结构、经验和阅历,因而呈现出较大的主观性。本论文提出并研究了一种新型的安全系统工程方法——三维分析法。
论文在对现有安全系统工程方法主观特性深入研究的基础上,阐述三维分析法的思想：即将任何系统的危险性都可以看成是系统固有的危险性和人机交互作用所引发危险性的集合；固有危险性是指系统作为一种自然存在所固有的危险性,这些危险性存在于客观的时间与空间之中,从时问与空间的视角思考、分析、查找系统的危险有害因素可以得到最客观的结果,该结果不会因分析者的不同而不同；人机交互作用引发危险的本质原因可归结为管理。时间、空间与管理既是三维分析法分析的三个维度。
论文从维度涵义的定义、单维度坐标及其内容的解析、二维坐标复合方法的研究、三维坐标复合方法的研究等方面系统地研究了三维分析法的思路与方法；在对三维分析法计算机辅助分析可行性研究的基础上,通过计算机编程技术初步将三维分析法开发成计算机软件。该软件可通过人机对话方式,输出系统危险有害因素分析清单(工作表)。
本文所研究的三维分析法可获得客观、系统、全面的危险有害因素分析结果。该方法尚未见诸国内外文献报道。
Safety system engineering method is the core content in safety system science and also is the most important tool for risk analysis and safety assessment. Current domestic and overseas safety system engineering analysis methods have common defect. Their analysis results depend heavily on analysts's themselves, such as researchers' knowledge structure, experience and opinion, thus showing a large part of subjectivity. This paper proposes a new type of safety system engineering method:the three-dimensional analysis.
Through study on the basis of the subjectivity of existing safety system engineering methods, the paper gives its own thought:any system risk can be seen as a set of system inherent risk together with human-machine interaction effects. Inherent risk refers to the system as a naturally occurring state which has its own risk. This kind of hazard exists in objective time and physical space. From these perspectives, thinking, analyzing and searching for the hazardous and harmful factors in the system, the results will be objective and won't be different because of different analysts. The human-machine interaction that triggers hazard can be essentially attributed to management. In summary, time, space and management can be defined as the three-dimension of the method.
From the definition of the dimension, single dimensional coordinates and its contents analysis, two-dimensional coordinates analysis to three-dimensional coordinates analysis, this paper gives an systematical study of the method. Based on the feasibility study of computer aided analysis and preliminary computer programming, the method has been developed into a computer software. This software can output a system hazardous and harmful analysis list(work sheet) through man-machine dialogue.
The newly proposed method can obtain an objective, systematic and comprehensive hazardous and harmful factors analysis result. The method has not been reported in the literatures both at home and abroad.
论文在对现有安全系统工程方法主观特性深入研究的基础上,阐述三维分析法的思想：即将任何系统的危险性都可以看成是系统固有的危险性和人机交互作用所引发危险性的集合；固有危险性是指系统作为一种自然存在所固有的危险性,这些危险性存在于客观的时间与空间之中,从时问与空间的视角思考、分析、查找系统的危险有害因素可以得到最客观的结果,该结果不会因分析者的不同而不同；人机交互作用引发危险的本质原因可归结为管理。时间、空间与管理既是三维分析法分析的三个维度。
论文从维度涵义的定义、单维度坐标及其内容的解析、二维坐标复合方法的研究、三维坐标复合方法的研究等方面系统地研究了三维分析法的思路与方法；在对三维分析法计算机辅助分析可行性研究的基础上,通过计算机编程技术初步将三维分析法开发成计算机软件。该软件可通过人机对话方式,输出系统危险有害因素分析清单(工作表)。
本文所研究的三维分析法可获得客观、系统、全面的危险有害因素分析结果。该方法尚未见诸国内外文献报道。
Safety system engineering method is the core content in safety system science and also is the most important tool for risk analysis and safety assessment. Current domestic and overseas safety system engineering analysis methods have common defect. Their analysis results depend heavily on analysts's themselves, such as researchers' knowledge structure, experience and opinion, thus showing a large part of subjectivity. This paper proposes a new type of safety system engineering method:the three-dimensional analysis.
Through study on the basis of the subjectivity of existing safety system engineering methods, the paper gives its own thought:any system risk can be seen as a set of system inherent risk together with human-machine interaction effects. Inherent risk refers to the system as a naturally occurring state which has its own risk. This kind of hazard exists in objective time and physical space. From these perspectives, thinking, analyzing and searching for the hazardous and harmful factors in the system, the results will be objective and won't be different because of different analysts. The human-machine interaction that triggers hazard can be essentially attributed to management. In summary, time, space and management can be defined as the three-dimension of the method.
From the definition of the dimension, single dimensional coordinates and its contents analysis, two-dimensional coordinates analysis to three-dimensional coordinates analysis, this paper gives an systematical study of the method. Based on the feasibility study of computer aided analysis and preliminary computer programming, the method has been developed into a computer software. This software can output a system hazardous and harmful analysis list(work sheet) through man-machine dialogue.
The newly proposed method can obtain an objective, systematic and comprehensive hazardous and harmful factors analysis result. The method has not been reported in the literatures both at home and abroad.
引文
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[22]于畅,田贯三.住宅管道燃气系统安全性事故树分析[J].山东建筑大学学报,2009(005)：392-395.
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[27]陈全.事故致因因素和危险源理论分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2009(010)：67-71.
[28]Heinrich H, Petersen D, Roos N. Industrial Accident Prevention[M]. McGraw-Hill New York,1950.
[29]赵立祥,刘婷婷.事故因果连锁理论评析[J].经济论坛,2009(008)：96-97.
[30]Reason J. Human Error:Models and Management[J]. Bmj,2000,320(7237):768.
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[32]Lederer J. How Far Have We Come? A Look Back at the Leading Edge of System Safety Eighteen Years Ago [J]. Hazard Prevention,1986:8-10.
[33]Ericson C. Hazard Analysis Techniques for System Safety[M]. John Wiley and Sons, 2005.
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[35]翁翼飞,王家臣.系统安全管理的复杂性研究[J].矿业安全与环保,2008,35(002)：78-80.
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