意志品质的质性分析、模型建构与测评
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摘要
本研究旨在建构意志品质的结构模型,编制分别适合运动员和普通人群的意志品质测评工具,了解运动员和普通大学生的意志品质状况。研究基于文献分析,采用现象学访谈、BEI技术、心理测量学等方法,质性研究与量化研究相结合,对意志品质模型及测评问题进行了一系列的实证研究,获得的主要结论如下:
(一)建构意志品质模型。建构的意志品质模型中,共有两级维度,包括4个一级维度和9个二级子维度。4个一级维度是:自觉性、独立性、果断性和坚韧性。9个二级子维度包含自我实现欲、目标清晰度、自制力、信念确认度、顽强性、智源集中度、决策及时性、倦怠耐久度和困难承受度。其中,自我实现欲、目标清晰度、自制力归属于自觉性;信念确认度、顽强性归属于独立性:智源集中度、决策及时性归属于果断性;倦怠耐久度和困难承受度归属于坚韧性。经验证,模型结构良好,恰当地概括了意志品质。
(二)编制【BTL-L-YZ2.0运动员意志品质量表】和【BTL-L-YZ1.0普通人群意志品质量表】。编制的测验各包括36个条目,9个分量表。量表条目按照难度分为高、中、一般三个等级,并设置了2道测谎题。对量表的测量学属性检验结果表明,【BTL-L-YZ2.0运动员意志品质量表】各分量表的平均α系数为.73,【BTL-L-YZ1.0普通人群意志品质量表】各分量表的平均α系数为.74。结构公式模型检验达到可以接受到标准,可以推广应用。
(三)运动员和普通大学生意志品质水平及特点。应用【BTL-L-YZ2.0运动员意志品质量表】和【BTL-L-YZ1.0普通人群意志品质量表】对运动员和普通大学生进行了测试。结果表明,运动员意志品质较好,接近该量表评定的五级水平。其中体能组运动员的自觉性要显著优于技能组,而技能组的果断性显著优于体能组。女子运动员的困难承受度要显著优于男子运动员。普通大学生中,理科组的目标清晰度显著优于文科组,而文科组的信念确认度显著优于理科组。女生倦怠耐久度和坚韧性要显著优于男生。在其他维度上未见有显著差异。
本研究结论,能够帮助分析评价人们的意志品质。对运动员的选拔和培养提供了实证研究的依据,具有重要的实践应用价值。
The study was to construct a theoretical model of volition and develop two tools adapted to measure athletes' volition and the general' s volition individually.Based on literature review,phenomenological interview,BEI technique and mental measurement were adopted in this research.Also qualitative study and qualitative study were combined to explore volition model and volition measurement.The main conclusions were as follows:
1.Constructing volition model.There are two classes dimensions, which included four dimensions in the first class and nine dimensions in the second class.The dimensions in the first class were:consciousness, independence,resoluteness and toughness and the dimensions in the second class were:goal clarity,continence,belief confirmation,persistence, wisdom focus,decision in time,fatigue endurance and difficulty bearing. Self-fufillment,goal clarity,continence belonged to consciousness, belief confirmation,persistence belonged to independence,wisdom focus and decision in time belonged to resolution and fatigue endurance and difficulty bearing belonged to toughness.Being tested,the model was well-constructed and reflected the volition quality well.
2.Develop BTL-L-YZ2.0 Scale for Athletes' Volition and BTL-L-YZ1.0 Scale for the general.There scale included 9 sub-scale and 36 items. According to the difficulty,the scale was divided into 3 categories: high level,intermediate evel and low level.2 lie items were added in the scale.The averageαis.73 in sub-scale of BTL-L-YZ2.0 and the averageαis.74 in sub-scale of BTL-L-YZ1.0 by all attributes test for scale measurement.And SEM test reached the acceptable level,which means the scale was in good quality,and could be applied and popularized.
3.Athletes' and undergraduate' s Volition level and its character. BTL-L-YZ2.0 and BTL-L-YZ1.0 were adopted to study athletes' and undergraduate' s volition.The results showed athletes had good volitive quality,which closed to the fifth level.Athletes' consciousness in strength and conditioning group was better than those in technique group, but athletes' difficulty bearing in technique group was better than those in strength and conditioning group.For undergraduates majoring in science subjects,their goal clarity was better than those majoring in arts subjects,but undergraduates' belief confirmation in science subjects was better than those in arts subjects.Female' s fatigue endurance was better than male' s.There was no significant difference in other dimensions.
The conclusions could help to evaluate volitive quality.In addition, it could provide foundation of positive study to elite athlete' s selection and cultivation and be of important applicable value.
(一)建构意志品质模型。建构的意志品质模型中,共有两级维度,包括4个一级维度和9个二级子维度。4个一级维度是:自觉性、独立性、果断性和坚韧性。9个二级子维度包含自我实现欲、目标清晰度、自制力、信念确认度、顽强性、智源集中度、决策及时性、倦怠耐久度和困难承受度。其中,自我实现欲、目标清晰度、自制力归属于自觉性;信念确认度、顽强性归属于独立性:智源集中度、决策及时性归属于果断性;倦怠耐久度和困难承受度归属于坚韧性。经验证,模型结构良好,恰当地概括了意志品质。
(二)编制【BTL-L-YZ2.0运动员意志品质量表】和【BTL-L-YZ1.0普通人群意志品质量表】。编制的测验各包括36个条目,9个分量表。量表条目按照难度分为高、中、一般三个等级,并设置了2道测谎题。对量表的测量学属性检验结果表明,【BTL-L-YZ2.0运动员意志品质量表】各分量表的平均α系数为.73,【BTL-L-YZ1.0普通人群意志品质量表】各分量表的平均α系数为.74。结构公式模型检验达到可以接受到标准,可以推广应用。
(三)运动员和普通大学生意志品质水平及特点。应用【BTL-L-YZ2.0运动员意志品质量表】和【BTL-L-YZ1.0普通人群意志品质量表】对运动员和普通大学生进行了测试。结果表明,运动员意志品质较好,接近该量表评定的五级水平。其中体能组运动员的自觉性要显著优于技能组,而技能组的果断性显著优于体能组。女子运动员的困难承受度要显著优于男子运动员。普通大学生中,理科组的目标清晰度显著优于文科组,而文科组的信念确认度显著优于理科组。女生倦怠耐久度和坚韧性要显著优于男生。在其他维度上未见有显著差异。
本研究结论,能够帮助分析评价人们的意志品质。对运动员的选拔和培养提供了实证研究的依据,具有重要的实践应用价值。
The study was to construct a theoretical model of volition and develop two tools adapted to measure athletes' volition and the general' s volition individually.Based on literature review,phenomenological interview,BEI technique and mental measurement were adopted in this research.Also qualitative study and qualitative study were combined to explore volition model and volition measurement.The main conclusions were as follows:
1.Constructing volition model.There are two classes dimensions, which included four dimensions in the first class and nine dimensions in the second class.The dimensions in the first class were:consciousness, independence,resoluteness and toughness and the dimensions in the second class were:goal clarity,continence,belief confirmation,persistence, wisdom focus,decision in time,fatigue endurance and difficulty bearing. Self-fufillment,goal clarity,continence belonged to consciousness, belief confirmation,persistence belonged to independence,wisdom focus and decision in time belonged to resolution and fatigue endurance and difficulty bearing belonged to toughness.Being tested,the model was well-constructed and reflected the volition quality well.
2.Develop BTL-L-YZ2.0 Scale for Athletes' Volition and BTL-L-YZ1.0 Scale for the general.There scale included 9 sub-scale and 36 items. According to the difficulty,the scale was divided into 3 categories: high level,intermediate evel and low level.2 lie items were added in the scale.The averageαis.73 in sub-scale of BTL-L-YZ2.0 and the averageαis.74 in sub-scale of BTL-L-YZ1.0 by all attributes test for scale measurement.And SEM test reached the acceptable level,which means the scale was in good quality,and could be applied and popularized.
3.Athletes' and undergraduate' s Volition level and its character. BTL-L-YZ2.0 and BTL-L-YZ1.0 were adopted to study athletes' and undergraduate' s volition.The results showed athletes had good volitive quality,which closed to the fifth level.Athletes' consciousness in strength and conditioning group was better than those in technique group, but athletes' difficulty bearing in technique group was better than those in strength and conditioning group.For undergraduates majoring in science subjects,their goal clarity was better than those majoring in arts subjects,but undergraduates' belief confirmation in science subjects was better than those in arts subjects.Female' s fatigue endurance was better than male' s.There was no significant difference in other dimensions.
The conclusions could help to evaluate volitive quality.In addition, it could provide foundation of positive study to elite athlete' s selection and cultivation and be of important applicable value.
引文
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