传统民居生态建筑经验及其模式语言研究
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摘要
相对于现代居住建筑而言,我国传统民居是适应当地气候及其它自然条件的有机产物,它的生成和发展,是人们长期适应自然环境的结果。研究传统民居建筑的意义在于对地域文化的保护和对传统建筑技术的发扬,而不是以简单的形式模仿来保护和培育地域建筑文化特色。随着生态学的东渐,使得再次以西山之石攻中国传统民居的再生与地域建筑的创造之玉成为必然。用生态和技术的眼光重新审视传统民居建筑在处理人与环境、人与资源的关系方面的巧妙之处,特别是保存在其中朴素的生态建筑思想和技术经验成为一个新的研究领域。
本文首先立足于对传统民居中丰富建筑形态深层理念的追溯,通过民居建筑形态自然影响因素以及基本构成关系的分析,提出了民居建筑产生和传承具有“经验”的特征的观点。进而得出,传统民居的生态建筑经验是和建筑形态结合在一起的,是以经验的方式体现在具体的建筑形态中的;总结和提炼这些生态建筑经验,并结合现代科学技术将其转化和重构以适应人居环境发展的需求,才能真正做到对传统民居的继承和借鉴。
我国的传统民居建筑种类繁多,形态万千,为了从这些丰富的建筑形态中系统总结其中蕴涵的生态建筑经验,就要对其进行建筑形式的类型研究。本文在类型学方法启示下,对传统民居建筑形态的发展演变进行了原型分析;由传统民居的两个雏型出发,提炼出传统民居的气候调节技术原型,并以此为依据,将我国传统民居宏观地分为围隔型和庇敞型两种类型;在综合探讨自然环境与文化变迁对民居类型转换的影响后,分别归纳出了两种类型的六种主要建筑模式。
Compared with the modern residential buildings, Chinese traditional residential building is an organic product of adaptation to the local climate and other natural conditions. Its generation and development is resulted from the long-term adaptation to the natural environment. The philosophy of dependence on the natural circle to solve the natural problems in the Chinese traditional residential buildings has made considerable progress of human health.Different from the protection and cultivation the features of regional architectural culture by the simple copy, the significance of research on the Chinese traditional residential buildings lies in the protection for the regional culture and development of traditional building technology. With the spread of ecology from west to east, it is inevitable to study the regeneration of Chinese traditional residential buildings and creation of regional buildings by the western ecological theory. Research on the features of Chinese traditional residential building in the field of how to deal with the relationship between human beings and environment, resources, especially of how to protect its plain senses of ecological architecture and technological experiences, has become a new research area.Based on the review of philosophy of various building patterns in Chinese traditional residential buildings, this thesis has analyzed the natural influence factors of various
building patterns and the relationship of basic constitution. The viewpoint of "experiences" characteristics of the generation, propagation and inheritance of Chinese traditional residential buildings has been proposed. Based on this viewpoint, the author has creatively obtained that the ecological experiences of Chinese traditional residential buildings had mixed with their varied building patterns and reflected in the particular building pattern by the way of "experiences"; and that to carry forward and draw lesson from the Chinese traditional residential buildings in essence lies in to summarize and refine these ecological architectural experiences and to transform and reconstruct these experiences by combination with modern science and technology to meet the needs of modern civilization.Because of the variety of Chinese traditional residential buildings, it's necessary to undertake the topography study on the building patterns to summarize systemically the ecological architectural experiences in the Chinese traditional residential buildings. Inspired by the topography study, this thesis has undertaken the prototype analysis on the development and evolution of Chinese traditional residential buildings. Proceed from two miniatures of Chinese traditional residential buildings; this paper has creatively constituted the climate conditioning technology prototype of Chinese traditional residential buildings. Based on these studies, Chinese traditional residential buildings have been divided two types, i.e. envelope-insulation type and shading-ventilation type. After comprehensively probed the influence of natural environment and culture changes on topography of traditional residential buildings, this thesis has proposed six main building patterns from two types of Chinese traditional residential buildings, i.e. the He-Yuan module, Yao-Ju pattern, Qiong-Long pattern, Gao-Tai pattern, Ting-Jing pattern and Gan-Lan pattern.The ecological architectural experiences in the Chinese traditional residential buildings are not only the experiences of buildings structure and construction, but also those of space and patterns. In accordance with the relationship between the cold resistant priority envelope-insulation type, hot resistant priority the shading-ventilation type and climate, region, with their features of climate conditioning technology, this paper has analyzed firstly and systemically the He-Yuan pattern, Yao-Ju pattern, Qiong-Long pattern, Gao-Tai pattern, Ting-Jing pattern and Gan-Lan pattern, respectively, in the light of history
background, society culture and natural condition. The distribution area, topography, constr
本文首先立足于对传统民居中丰富建筑形态深层理念的追溯,通过民居建筑形态自然影响因素以及基本构成关系的分析,提出了民居建筑产生和传承具有“经验”的特征的观点。进而得出,传统民居的生态建筑经验是和建筑形态结合在一起的,是以经验的方式体现在具体的建筑形态中的;总结和提炼这些生态建筑经验,并结合现代科学技术将其转化和重构以适应人居环境发展的需求,才能真正做到对传统民居的继承和借鉴。
我国的传统民居建筑种类繁多,形态万千,为了从这些丰富的建筑形态中系统总结其中蕴涵的生态建筑经验,就要对其进行建筑形式的类型研究。本文在类型学方法启示下,对传统民居建筑形态的发展演变进行了原型分析;由传统民居的两个雏型出发,提炼出传统民居的气候调节技术原型,并以此为依据,将我国传统民居宏观地分为围隔型和庇敞型两种类型;在综合探讨自然环境与文化变迁对民居类型转换的影响后,分别归纳出了两种类型的六种主要建筑模式。
Compared with the modern residential buildings, Chinese traditional residential building is an organic product of adaptation to the local climate and other natural conditions. Its generation and development is resulted from the long-term adaptation to the natural environment. The philosophy of dependence on the natural circle to solve the natural problems in the Chinese traditional residential buildings has made considerable progress of human health.Different from the protection and cultivation the features of regional architectural culture by the simple copy, the significance of research on the Chinese traditional residential buildings lies in the protection for the regional culture and development of traditional building technology. With the spread of ecology from west to east, it is inevitable to study the regeneration of Chinese traditional residential buildings and creation of regional buildings by the western ecological theory. Research on the features of Chinese traditional residential building in the field of how to deal with the relationship between human beings and environment, resources, especially of how to protect its plain senses of ecological architecture and technological experiences, has become a new research area.Based on the review of philosophy of various building patterns in Chinese traditional residential buildings, this thesis has analyzed the natural influence factors of various
building patterns and the relationship of basic constitution. The viewpoint of "experiences" characteristics of the generation, propagation and inheritance of Chinese traditional residential buildings has been proposed. Based on this viewpoint, the author has creatively obtained that the ecological experiences of Chinese traditional residential buildings had mixed with their varied building patterns and reflected in the particular building pattern by the way of "experiences"; and that to carry forward and draw lesson from the Chinese traditional residential buildings in essence lies in to summarize and refine these ecological architectural experiences and to transform and reconstruct these experiences by combination with modern science and technology to meet the needs of modern civilization.Because of the variety of Chinese traditional residential buildings, it's necessary to undertake the topography study on the building patterns to summarize systemically the ecological architectural experiences in the Chinese traditional residential buildings. Inspired by the topography study, this thesis has undertaken the prototype analysis on the development and evolution of Chinese traditional residential buildings. Proceed from two miniatures of Chinese traditional residential buildings; this paper has creatively constituted the climate conditioning technology prototype of Chinese traditional residential buildings. Based on these studies, Chinese traditional residential buildings have been divided two types, i.e. envelope-insulation type and shading-ventilation type. After comprehensively probed the influence of natural environment and culture changes on topography of traditional residential buildings, this thesis has proposed six main building patterns from two types of Chinese traditional residential buildings, i.e. the He-Yuan module, Yao-Ju pattern, Qiong-Long pattern, Gao-Tai pattern, Ting-Jing pattern and Gan-Lan pattern.The ecological architectural experiences in the Chinese traditional residential buildings are not only the experiences of buildings structure and construction, but also those of space and patterns. In accordance with the relationship between the cold resistant priority envelope-insulation type, hot resistant priority the shading-ventilation type and climate, region, with their features of climate conditioning technology, this paper has analyzed firstly and systemically the He-Yuan pattern, Yao-Ju pattern, Qiong-Long pattern, Gao-Tai pattern, Ting-Jing pattern and Gan-Lan pattern, respectively, in the light of history
background, society culture and natural condition. The distribution area, topography, constr
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