基于可靠度理论的城市环线高速公路立交布设研究
|
摘要
我国的高速公路建设正处快速发展阶段,以城市为节点的高速路网要求关联城市具备足够的交通接纳和协调能力,另一方面,城市范围的不断扩张导致市内中长距离出行急剧增长,中心城区路网趋于饱和,城市对外交通需求持续扩大。为缓解内外双重需求带来的巨大压力,国内许多城市都将绕城高速公路的建设作为城市未来发展的重要内容。但是,到目前为止,我国相关绕城高速公路的研究很少,由于缺乏科学的规划导向,在日益增长的交通压力下,我国已建成的部分绕城高速公路陆续暴露出来许多问题。为此,本文以绕城高速公路的规划重点环节——绕城立交为研究对象,详细分析了绕城立交数量和间距设计与城市整体路网系统的相关关系,对于科学制订绕城高速公路建设与发展规划,有效指导绕城立交的增设和改扩建工作,促进以城市路网为轴心、绕城高速为纽带、城际高速为延伸的有机路网系统持续、快速、健康的发展,具有重要的理论参考价值和现实指导意义。
本论文以可靠度相关理论和方法为基础,通过对绕城高速公路交通特性的系统分析,论证了绕城立交布设与城市整体路网可靠性之间存在的内在必然联系。以典型虚拟路网为例进行不同立交布设方案的行程时间可靠度计算,先后得到了绕城立交数量与城市整体路网、各类路径可靠度的相关关系,以及绕城立交间距分别与局部、整体路网、各类路径的相关关系,提出了通过对比分析可靠度变化趋势线来确定绕城立交数量和间距的方法。本方法的实现仅基于城市出行分布OD矩阵和城市路网结构图及其属性,全程计算都是通过Excel和交通规划软件TransCAD完成,模式化的运算程序为本方法的推广奠定了良好的硬件基础。
Along with the rapid development of expressways in china, the expressway network jointed by cities demand those cities are capable of holding and coordinating the traffic flow came from some other place, on the other hand, the expansion of the urban made more and more middle and long distance trips, the road network in the town centre trend to saturate, and the traffic demand asked for contract with some other cites is keeping expanding. In order to relieve the double pressure, the ring expressway has become one of the most important projects for future by lots of cities at home. But so far, Little research has been conducted in it. With the rapid increase of the traffic, many problems kept cropping out in some ring expressways in China for lacking overall plan for the development science. So, this paper makes a thorough study of the interchange which is the most important link for the ring expressway plan, analyze the relevant relation between the whole urban road network system and the interchange plan including the number design and the distance design. The paper is of important theoretical reference value and practical guiding significance to make the strategy and planning of ring expressway development, and to guide the work of increasing, building or expanding the interchange effectively, and to promote the development of the road network system, combined with the urban road as a axis, the ring expressway as a tie, and the highway between cities as extending, continuously, rapidly and healthy.
This paper is based on the theories and methods relative to reliability, and has defined the inevitable inherent relationship between the interchanges planning and the reliability of urban road network, through system analysis of the traffic characteristics of the ring expressway. Take a typical virtual road network as an example, lots of calculation on travel time reliability of different interchange scheme has been taken, the relationships between the number of interchanges and the whole urban road network and all kinds of trip routes, and the relationships between the distance of interchanges and the whole and local urban road network, and routes were obtained successfully, and a method of defining the number and distance of interchange on ring expressway was proposed by contrast and analysis the trend line about reliability. This method is only based on the traffic distribution OD matrices and the road network structure map with a few physical parameters, while the whole calculative process was automatically achieved by Excel and TransCAD, so a syntax calculating program laid the groundwork for future extension of the method.
本论文以可靠度相关理论和方法为基础,通过对绕城高速公路交通特性的系统分析,论证了绕城立交布设与城市整体路网可靠性之间存在的内在必然联系。以典型虚拟路网为例进行不同立交布设方案的行程时间可靠度计算,先后得到了绕城立交数量与城市整体路网、各类路径可靠度的相关关系,以及绕城立交间距分别与局部、整体路网、各类路径的相关关系,提出了通过对比分析可靠度变化趋势线来确定绕城立交数量和间距的方法。本方法的实现仅基于城市出行分布OD矩阵和城市路网结构图及其属性,全程计算都是通过Excel和交通规划软件TransCAD完成,模式化的运算程序为本方法的推广奠定了良好的硬件基础。
Along with the rapid development of expressways in china, the expressway network jointed by cities demand those cities are capable of holding and coordinating the traffic flow came from some other place, on the other hand, the expansion of the urban made more and more middle and long distance trips, the road network in the town centre trend to saturate, and the traffic demand asked for contract with some other cites is keeping expanding. In order to relieve the double pressure, the ring expressway has become one of the most important projects for future by lots of cities at home. But so far, Little research has been conducted in it. With the rapid increase of the traffic, many problems kept cropping out in some ring expressways in China for lacking overall plan for the development science. So, this paper makes a thorough study of the interchange which is the most important link for the ring expressway plan, analyze the relevant relation between the whole urban road network system and the interchange plan including the number design and the distance design. The paper is of important theoretical reference value and practical guiding significance to make the strategy and planning of ring expressway development, and to guide the work of increasing, building or expanding the interchange effectively, and to promote the development of the road network system, combined with the urban road as a axis, the ring expressway as a tie, and the highway between cities as extending, continuously, rapidly and healthy.
This paper is based on the theories and methods relative to reliability, and has defined the inevitable inherent relationship between the interchanges planning and the reliability of urban road network, through system analysis of the traffic characteristics of the ring expressway. Take a typical virtual road network as an example, lots of calculation on travel time reliability of different interchange scheme has been taken, the relationships between the number of interchanges and the whole urban road network and all kinds of trip routes, and the relationships between the distance of interchanges and the whole and local urban road network, and routes were obtained successfully, and a method of defining the number and distance of interchange on ring expressway was proposed by contrast and analysis the trend line about reliability. This method is only based on the traffic distribution OD matrices and the road network structure map with a few physical parameters, while the whole calculative process was automatically achieved by Excel and TransCAD, so a syntax calculating program laid the groundwork for future extension of the method.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国交通部.国家高速公路网规划[R].北京：交通部规划研究院,2005
[2]王伯惠.道路立交工程[M].人民交通出版社,1999
[3]Committee on Access Management. Access Management Manual[R]. Washington, D. C.:Transportation Research Board,2003
[4]Gluck J H S Levinson, V Stover. NCHRP Report 420:Impacts of Access Management Techniques[R]. Washington, D. C.:Transportation Research Board, 1999
[5]Takashi Oguchi. Queued Traffic Flow Occurrence at Capacity Bottlenecks on Expressway Basic Sections[C]. Transportation Research Board 84th Annual Meeting, 2005
[6]Furuichi, KADOMA and IWASAKI. Eye Movement and Driving Behavior in Curved Section Passages of Urban Motorway[C]. Transportation Research Board 84th Annual Meeting,2005
[7]CL Mak, HSL Fan. Enhancement of Automatic Incident Detection Algorithms for Singapore's Central Expressway[C]. Transportation Research Board 84th Annual Meeting,2005
[8]Markos Papageogiou, Jena-Marc Blosseville. Modeling and Real-time Control of Traffic Flow on the Southern Part of Boulevard Peripherique in Paris:Part Ⅰ: Modeling [J]. Transportation Research Part A,1990,24:345-359
[9]Gang-Len Chang, Ji-Feng Wu and Stephen L. Cohen. Integrated Real-time Ramp Meeting Model for Nonrecurring Congestion:Framework and Preliminary Results[C]. Transportation Research Record No.1446, Washington, D. C.,1994
[10]Transportation Research Board. Highway Capacity Manual 2000 [M]. Transportation Research Board,2000
[11]American Association of State Highway and Transportation Of facials (AASHTO). A Policy on Geometric Design of Highway and Streets [M]. Washington, D.C.,1994
[12]日本道路公团.日本高速公路设计要领[M].交通部工程管理司译制组.西安：陕西旅游出版社,1991
[13]崔志伟,孙家驷.我国立交等级划分的初探[J].华东公路,2008,1：38-42
[14]宋家骅,李旭宏.高速公路网互通式立交需求分析方法研究[J].交通与计算机,2008,26(5)：19-22
[15]中华人民共和国建设部.CJJ37-90城市道路设计规范[S].北京：人民交通出版社,1991
[16]贺玉龙,刘小明,任福田等.城市快速路互通式立交的最小间距[J].北京工业大学学报,2001,27(1)：8-11
[17]龙科军,杨晓光,王跃辉,周志刚.城市快速路匝道最小间距模型[J].交通运输工程学报,2005,5(1)：106-110
[18]肖忠斌,王炜,李文权等.城市快速路互通立交最小间距模型[J].公路交通科技,2007,24(11)：105-109
[19]李爱增,李文权,王炜.城市快速路互通立交最小间距[J].公路交通科技,2008,25(6)：104-110
[20]聂蓉,王俊.高速公路网互通式立交布局规划影响因素分析[J].交通科技,2005,211：84-86
[21]石良清.预测交通量与互通立交布局和设计的相关关系研究[J].交通标准化,2007,8：59-61
[22]肖少超,刘文伟,蔡洛兵.城市快速环道总体设计和思考[J].湖南交通科技.2006,32(3)：19-22
[23]孙家驷.重庆绕城高速公路立交规划布局研究[J].重庆交通学院学报,2007,26(2)： 64-66
[24]Mine H, Kawai H. Mathematics for Reliability Analysis[M]. Tokyo: Asakura-shoten,1982
[25]Bell M. G. H., Iida Y. Transportation Network Analysis [M]. John Wiley & Sons,1997:179-192
[26]Iida Y., Wakabayashi H. An Approximation Method of Terminal Reliability of a Road Network Using Partial Minimal Path and cut set[C]. Proceedings of the 5th WCTR. Yokohama,1989:367-380
[27]Wakabayashi H., Iida Y. Upper and Lower Bounds of Terminal Reliability of Road Networks:an Efficient Method with Boolean Algebra [J]. Journal of Natural Disaster Science,1992,14 (1):29-44
[28]Wakabayashi H. Reliability Assessment and Importance Analysis of Highway Network:a Case Study of the 1995 Kobe Earthquake[C]. Proceedings of the First Conference of Hong Kong Society for Transportation Studies, Hong Kong,1996: 155-169
[29]Asakura Y., Kashiwadani M. Road Network Reliability Caused by Daily Fluctuation of Traffic Flow[C]. Proceedings of the 19th PTRC Summer Annual Meeting. Brighton,1991:73-84
[30]Asakura Y. Reliability Measures of an Origin and Destination Pair in a Deteriorated Road Network with Variable Flows [C]. Proceedings of the 4th Meeting of the EURO Working Group in Transportation. UK:University of Newcastle upon Tyne,1996
[31]Bell M. G. H., Cassir C., Iida Y. A Sensitivity Based Approach to Reliability Assessment[Z]. Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Transportation and Traffic Theory, Jerusalem Israel,1999:283-300
[32]Lam W. H. K., Xu G. A. Traffic Flow Simulator for Network Reliability Assessment [J]. Journal of Advanced Transportation,1999,33 (2):159-182
[33]Stephen C., David W. Modeling Network Travel Time Reliability Under Stochastic Demand [J]. Transportation Research Part B,2005,39 (3):119-140
[34]Anthony Chen, Yang Hai. A Capacity Related Reliability for Transportation Networks[J]. Journal of Advanced Transportation,1999,33 (2):183-200
[35]Anthony Chen, Zhao Wangji, Will Recker. Travel Time Reliability with Risk-sensitive Travelers[C]. The 81th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Board, 2002:1-23
[36]侯立文,蒋馥.城市道路网络可靠性的研究[J].系统工程,2000,18(5)：44-48
[37]朱顺应,王炜,邓卫,唐勇等.交通网络可靠度及其通路算法研究[J]．中国公 路学报,2000,13(1)：91-94
[38]陈艳艳,宋建民,关宏志,任福田.基于畅通可靠性分析的城市道路改扩建优化决策[J].北京工业大学学报,2000,26(4)：43-46
[39]陈艳艳,梁颖,杜华兵.可靠度在路网运营状态评价中的应用[J].土木工程学报,2003,36(1)：36-40
[40]陈艳艳,杜华兵,梁颖.城市路网畅通可靠度优化遗传算法[J]．北京工业大学学报,2003,29(3)：334-337
[41]梁颖,陈艳艳,任福田.不同交通供需分布下的路网畅通可靠度变化规律研究[J].公路交通科技,2007,24(8)：103-109
[42]陈建壮,周伟.公路网通行可靠度的评价[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2002,22(4)：52-54
[43]高爱霞,陈艳艳,任福田.基于蒙特卡罗模拟方法的快速路运行时间可靠度研究[J].公路交通科技,2006,23(11)：126-132
[44]唐小勇,王炜,程琳.交通网络旅行时间可靠度估计[J].土木工程学报,2007,40(6)：84-88
[45]刘勇,项莉,谢军,严宝杰.城市路网可靠性计算方法[J].交通运输工程学报,2007,7(3)：95-99
[46]张勇,白玉,杨晓光.城市道路网络的行程时间可靠度[J].系统工程理论与实践,2009,29(8)：171-176
[47]毛林繁.城市公交网络可靠性的双层规划模型[J].中国公路学报,2002,15(3)：88-91
[48]梁颖,陈艳艳,刘劲夫,荣建.畅通可靠度在公路网建设投资优化中的应用[J].公路交通科技,2004,21(12)：103-106
[49]陈艳艳,刘小明,梁颖.可靠度在交通系统规划与管理中的应用[M].人民交通出版社,2006
[50]杨晓光,彭春露.救援车辆通行畅通可靠度模糊综合评价方法研究[J].土木工程学报,2007,40(1)：79-84
[51]张静芬,何杰,高梦起,储庆中.交通影响分析中路网可靠性研究[J].交通科技,2008,227：95-97
[52]何延玲.大城市环状道路的成因与功能分析[J].公路交通技术,2003,(10)：1-3
[53]周干峙,徐巨洲,马林.发展我国大城市交通的研究[R].中国城市规划设计研究院,1996
[54]杨涛.公路网规划[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1998
[55]高爱霞,陈艳艳.路网可靠性指标体系研究[J].北京人民警察学院学报,2008,(6)： 22-25
[56]王炜,过秀成.交通工程学[M].南京：东南大学出版社,2003
[57]Al-Deek H M, Emam E B. Computing Travel Time Reliability in Transportation Networks with Multitudes and Dependent Link Failures[J]. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering,2006,20 (5):317-327
[58]黄瑞祥.可靠性工程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1990：5-13
[59]AVV Transport Research Centre, Dutch Ministry of Transport. Nota Mobility [EB/OL].2004 [2007-12-27] http://www.notamobiliteit.nl
[60]任福田,肖秋生,薛宗蕙.城市道路规划与设计(第三版)[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2006
[61]钟连德,荣建,周荣贵等.快速路交通流中车速特性研究[J].公路,2004,12：158-162
[2]王伯惠.道路立交工程[M].人民交通出版社,1999
[3]Committee on Access Management. Access Management Manual[R]. Washington, D. C.:Transportation Research Board,2003
[4]Gluck J H S Levinson, V Stover. NCHRP Report 420:Impacts of Access Management Techniques[R]. Washington, D. C.:Transportation Research Board, 1999
[5]Takashi Oguchi. Queued Traffic Flow Occurrence at Capacity Bottlenecks on Expressway Basic Sections[C]. Transportation Research Board 84th Annual Meeting, 2005
[6]Furuichi, KADOMA and IWASAKI. Eye Movement and Driving Behavior in Curved Section Passages of Urban Motorway[C]. Transportation Research Board 84th Annual Meeting,2005
[7]CL Mak, HSL Fan. Enhancement of Automatic Incident Detection Algorithms for Singapore's Central Expressway[C]. Transportation Research Board 84th Annual Meeting,2005
[8]Markos Papageogiou, Jena-Marc Blosseville. Modeling and Real-time Control of Traffic Flow on the Southern Part of Boulevard Peripherique in Paris:Part Ⅰ: Modeling [J]. Transportation Research Part A,1990,24:345-359
[9]Gang-Len Chang, Ji-Feng Wu and Stephen L. Cohen. Integrated Real-time Ramp Meeting Model for Nonrecurring Congestion:Framework and Preliminary Results[C]. Transportation Research Record No.1446, Washington, D. C.,1994
[10]Transportation Research Board. Highway Capacity Manual 2000 [M]. Transportation Research Board,2000
[11]American Association of State Highway and Transportation Of facials (AASHTO). A Policy on Geometric Design of Highway and Streets [M]. Washington, D.C.,1994
[12]日本道路公团.日本高速公路设计要领[M].交通部工程管理司译制组.西安：陕西旅游出版社,1991
[13]崔志伟,孙家驷.我国立交等级划分的初探[J].华东公路,2008,1：38-42
[14]宋家骅,李旭宏.高速公路网互通式立交需求分析方法研究[J].交通与计算机,2008,26(5)：19-22
[15]中华人民共和国建设部.CJJ37-90城市道路设计规范[S].北京：人民交通出版社,1991
[16]贺玉龙,刘小明,任福田等.城市快速路互通式立交的最小间距[J].北京工业大学学报,2001,27(1)：8-11
[17]龙科军,杨晓光,王跃辉,周志刚.城市快速路匝道最小间距模型[J].交通运输工程学报,2005,5(1)：106-110
[18]肖忠斌,王炜,李文权等.城市快速路互通立交最小间距模型[J].公路交通科技,2007,24(11)：105-109
[19]李爱增,李文权,王炜.城市快速路互通立交最小间距[J].公路交通科技,2008,25(6)：104-110
[20]聂蓉,王俊.高速公路网互通式立交布局规划影响因素分析[J].交通科技,2005,211：84-86
[21]石良清.预测交通量与互通立交布局和设计的相关关系研究[J].交通标准化,2007,8：59-61
[22]肖少超,刘文伟,蔡洛兵.城市快速环道总体设计和思考[J].湖南交通科技.2006,32(3)：19-22
[23]孙家驷.重庆绕城高速公路立交规划布局研究[J].重庆交通学院学报,2007,26(2)： 64-66
[24]Mine H, Kawai H. Mathematics for Reliability Analysis[M]. Tokyo: Asakura-shoten,1982
[25]Bell M. G. H., Iida Y. Transportation Network Analysis [M]. John Wiley & Sons,1997:179-192
[26]Iida Y., Wakabayashi H. An Approximation Method of Terminal Reliability of a Road Network Using Partial Minimal Path and cut set[C]. Proceedings of the 5th WCTR. Yokohama,1989:367-380
[27]Wakabayashi H., Iida Y. Upper and Lower Bounds of Terminal Reliability of Road Networks:an Efficient Method with Boolean Algebra [J]. Journal of Natural Disaster Science,1992,14 (1):29-44
[28]Wakabayashi H. Reliability Assessment and Importance Analysis of Highway Network:a Case Study of the 1995 Kobe Earthquake[C]. Proceedings of the First Conference of Hong Kong Society for Transportation Studies, Hong Kong,1996: 155-169
[29]Asakura Y., Kashiwadani M. Road Network Reliability Caused by Daily Fluctuation of Traffic Flow[C]. Proceedings of the 19th PTRC Summer Annual Meeting. Brighton,1991:73-84
[30]Asakura Y. Reliability Measures of an Origin and Destination Pair in a Deteriorated Road Network with Variable Flows [C]. Proceedings of the 4th Meeting of the EURO Working Group in Transportation. UK:University of Newcastle upon Tyne,1996
[31]Bell M. G. H., Cassir C., Iida Y. A Sensitivity Based Approach to Reliability Assessment[Z]. Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Transportation and Traffic Theory, Jerusalem Israel,1999:283-300
[32]Lam W. H. K., Xu G. A. Traffic Flow Simulator for Network Reliability Assessment [J]. Journal of Advanced Transportation,1999,33 (2):159-182
[33]Stephen C., David W. Modeling Network Travel Time Reliability Under Stochastic Demand [J]. Transportation Research Part B,2005,39 (3):119-140
[34]Anthony Chen, Yang Hai. A Capacity Related Reliability for Transportation Networks[J]. Journal of Advanced Transportation,1999,33 (2):183-200
[35]Anthony Chen, Zhao Wangji, Will Recker. Travel Time Reliability with Risk-sensitive Travelers[C]. The 81th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Board, 2002:1-23
[36]侯立文,蒋馥.城市道路网络可靠性的研究[J].系统工程,2000,18(5)：44-48
[37]朱顺应,王炜,邓卫,唐勇等.交通网络可靠度及其通路算法研究[J]．中国公 路学报,2000,13(1)：91-94
[38]陈艳艳,宋建民,关宏志,任福田.基于畅通可靠性分析的城市道路改扩建优化决策[J].北京工业大学学报,2000,26(4)：43-46
[39]陈艳艳,梁颖,杜华兵.可靠度在路网运营状态评价中的应用[J].土木工程学报,2003,36(1)：36-40
[40]陈艳艳,杜华兵,梁颖.城市路网畅通可靠度优化遗传算法[J]．北京工业大学学报,2003,29(3)：334-337
[41]梁颖,陈艳艳,任福田.不同交通供需分布下的路网畅通可靠度变化规律研究[J].公路交通科技,2007,24(8)：103-109
[42]陈建壮,周伟.公路网通行可靠度的评价[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2002,22(4)：52-54
[43]高爱霞,陈艳艳,任福田.基于蒙特卡罗模拟方法的快速路运行时间可靠度研究[J].公路交通科技,2006,23(11)：126-132
[44]唐小勇,王炜,程琳.交通网络旅行时间可靠度估计[J].土木工程学报,2007,40(6)：84-88
[45]刘勇,项莉,谢军,严宝杰.城市路网可靠性计算方法[J].交通运输工程学报,2007,7(3)：95-99
[46]张勇,白玉,杨晓光.城市道路网络的行程时间可靠度[J].系统工程理论与实践,2009,29(8)：171-176
[47]毛林繁.城市公交网络可靠性的双层规划模型[J].中国公路学报,2002,15(3)：88-91
[48]梁颖,陈艳艳,刘劲夫,荣建.畅通可靠度在公路网建设投资优化中的应用[J].公路交通科技,2004,21(12)：103-106
[49]陈艳艳,刘小明,梁颖.可靠度在交通系统规划与管理中的应用[M].人民交通出版社,2006
[50]杨晓光,彭春露.救援车辆通行畅通可靠度模糊综合评价方法研究[J].土木工程学报,2007,40(1)：79-84
[51]张静芬,何杰,高梦起,储庆中.交通影响分析中路网可靠性研究[J].交通科技,2008,227：95-97
[52]何延玲.大城市环状道路的成因与功能分析[J].公路交通技术,2003,(10)：1-3
[53]周干峙,徐巨洲,马林.发展我国大城市交通的研究[R].中国城市规划设计研究院,1996
[54]杨涛.公路网规划[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1998
[55]高爱霞,陈艳艳.路网可靠性指标体系研究[J].北京人民警察学院学报,2008,(6)： 22-25
[56]王炜,过秀成.交通工程学[M].南京：东南大学出版社,2003
[57]Al-Deek H M, Emam E B. Computing Travel Time Reliability in Transportation Networks with Multitudes and Dependent Link Failures[J]. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering,2006,20 (5):317-327
[58]黄瑞祥.可靠性工程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1990：5-13
[59]AVV Transport Research Centre, Dutch Ministry of Transport. Nota Mobility [EB/OL].2004 [2007-12-27] http://www.notamobiliteit.nl
[60]任福田,肖秋生,薛宗蕙.城市道路规划与设计(第三版)[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2006
[61]钟连德,荣建,周荣贵等.快速路交通流中车速特性研究[J].公路,2004,12：158-162