嵌入式软件仿真开发平台的设计与实现
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摘要
随着嵌入式系统的深入发展,对开发工具提出了更高的要求。在传统软硬件协同开发模式中,软件和硬件开发相互牵制,硬件干扰引起的异常行为严重影响软件的调试和测试,延误开发进度,致使软件质量难以保证。仿真开发是摆脱困境的一条有效途径。利用仿真技术模拟嵌入式硬件系统的真实运行,使软件开发和系统集成在虚拟平台上进行,在硬件原型制造前就完成系统模型验证和运行行为分析,避免软硬件开发相互等待,从而提高开发效率,降低风险和成本。
在嵌入式软件仿真开发平台的实现中,主要涉及以下几项关键技术:基于构件技术的软件系统具有很高的重用性,可以在构造硬件平台的仿真系统时引入;Eclipse的插件机制是组装仿真系统的有效工具;软件仿真技术也是实现仿真平台的关键,包括基于事件驱动和基于电路两种仿真方式。
在参考现有嵌入式开发平台和技术成果的基础上,本文提出嵌入式软件仿真开发平台的设计思路和实现技术。仿真开发平台采用构件化设计思想,构建于Eclipse的插件机制上,由一组维护运行的管理工具和仿真构件组成,它们以对象的形式进行交互,通过事件驱动模拟硬件环境的运行行为。
针对硬件部件的物理特性和仿真环境下的特殊要求,平台给出简洁的仿真构件模型,由构件的外部属性接口、功能属性接口和仿真控制属性接口组成,按照构件模型实现的仿真构件接口标准、功能明确、易于扩展。平台提供一组管理工具支持用户对仿真构件的操作。其中,构件库管理器是浏览查询构件的窗口,运行环境配置器是搭建仿真目标板的平台,运行环境管理器则是维护仿真环境正常运行的管理者,虚拟逻辑分析仪可供用户查看仿真构件运行时的引脚信号,而基于GDB的调试器则实现了嵌入式系统的“交叉调试”功能。
在上述研究基础上,本课题已实现了一个嵌入式软件仿真开发平台。该平台支持从构件库中选取需要的仿真构件,以可视化图形编辑的方式构造仿真目标硬件环境;加载目标码的仿真运行环境启动后,各仿真构件能在应用软件逻辑的控制下协调运行,从而支持嵌入式系统软件的调试和测试验证。系统具有较高的仿真度,良好的扩展性,提供图形化的配置管理,并且仿真运行达到周期精确。
Along with the in-depth development of embedded system, a higher requirement to the development tools has been raised. In the traditional software and hardware cooperative development mode, the software development and hardware development contains each other. The unconventional activities caused by the hardware interfere have seriously effected the commission and test of software, which make the quality of software being hard to be guaranteed with the delay in development process. Simulation development is an effective method to break away from the mess. Simulation technology shall be utilized to simulate the real running of embedded hardware system to enable the software development and system integration implemented on a virtual stage, so as to complete the system model verification and running activity analysis before the manufacture of hardware prototype, avoiding the mutual wait between the software development and hardware development, in order to improve the development efficiency and lower the risks and costs.
There are several key technologies in implementing the simulation platform for embedded software development. Firstly, since the component technology can provide software with great reusablity, it shall be introduced into the construction of simulation system for hardware platform. Secondly, the good expansibility of the simulation system is supported by the plug-in mechanism of Eclipse platform. Thirdly, the system simulation technology is also a key to implement the simulation platform, which includes two modes: the event-driven simulation and the circuit simulation.
Refering the existing embedded development platform and technological achievements, this dissertation submits the design and realization of the simulation platform for embedded software development. This platform is designed based on component technology and built on the plug-in mechanism of Eclipse. It is constituted with simulation components and a set of management tools. The modules of this platform interact in the form of object and simulate the real running of hardware environment through event-driven.
Subject to the physical characteristic of hardware, a simplified simulation component model is given. Its structure is constituted with the exterior characteristic interface, physical performance interface and simulate control interface. The simulation component conforms to this component model standard has standard interface, clear function and good expansibility. The platform provides a set of management tools to operate simulation components. Among which, the component library manager is the window to browse and inquiry components; the environment allocator is the platform to build the simulative target board; the environment manager is the tool to maintain the running of simulation environment; the virtual logical analyzer and the debugger are the tools to test and verify the embedded software.
Based on the above study, a simulation platform for embedded software development has realized. After the start-up of simulation running environment with loaded object code, each simulation component shall harmonious run under the logic control of application software. The system has highly simulation degree as well as excellent expansibility, and it provides graphical interfaces for configuring. Especially, it’s a cycle-accurate simulation platform.
在嵌入式软件仿真开发平台的实现中,主要涉及以下几项关键技术:基于构件技术的软件系统具有很高的重用性,可以在构造硬件平台的仿真系统时引入;Eclipse的插件机制是组装仿真系统的有效工具;软件仿真技术也是实现仿真平台的关键,包括基于事件驱动和基于电路两种仿真方式。
在参考现有嵌入式开发平台和技术成果的基础上,本文提出嵌入式软件仿真开发平台的设计思路和实现技术。仿真开发平台采用构件化设计思想,构建于Eclipse的插件机制上,由一组维护运行的管理工具和仿真构件组成,它们以对象的形式进行交互,通过事件驱动模拟硬件环境的运行行为。
针对硬件部件的物理特性和仿真环境下的特殊要求,平台给出简洁的仿真构件模型,由构件的外部属性接口、功能属性接口和仿真控制属性接口组成,按照构件模型实现的仿真构件接口标准、功能明确、易于扩展。平台提供一组管理工具支持用户对仿真构件的操作。其中,构件库管理器是浏览查询构件的窗口,运行环境配置器是搭建仿真目标板的平台,运行环境管理器则是维护仿真环境正常运行的管理者,虚拟逻辑分析仪可供用户查看仿真构件运行时的引脚信号,而基于GDB的调试器则实现了嵌入式系统的“交叉调试”功能。
在上述研究基础上,本课题已实现了一个嵌入式软件仿真开发平台。该平台支持从构件库中选取需要的仿真构件,以可视化图形编辑的方式构造仿真目标硬件环境;加载目标码的仿真运行环境启动后,各仿真构件能在应用软件逻辑的控制下协调运行,从而支持嵌入式系统软件的调试和测试验证。系统具有较高的仿真度,良好的扩展性,提供图形化的配置管理,并且仿真运行达到周期精确。
Along with the in-depth development of embedded system, a higher requirement to the development tools has been raised. In the traditional software and hardware cooperative development mode, the software development and hardware development contains each other. The unconventional activities caused by the hardware interfere have seriously effected the commission and test of software, which make the quality of software being hard to be guaranteed with the delay in development process. Simulation development is an effective method to break away from the mess. Simulation technology shall be utilized to simulate the real running of embedded hardware system to enable the software development and system integration implemented on a virtual stage, so as to complete the system model verification and running activity analysis before the manufacture of hardware prototype, avoiding the mutual wait between the software development and hardware development, in order to improve the development efficiency and lower the risks and costs.
There are several key technologies in implementing the simulation platform for embedded software development. Firstly, since the component technology can provide software with great reusablity, it shall be introduced into the construction of simulation system for hardware platform. Secondly, the good expansibility of the simulation system is supported by the plug-in mechanism of Eclipse platform. Thirdly, the system simulation technology is also a key to implement the simulation platform, which includes two modes: the event-driven simulation and the circuit simulation.
Refering the existing embedded development platform and technological achievements, this dissertation submits the design and realization of the simulation platform for embedded software development. This platform is designed based on component technology and built on the plug-in mechanism of Eclipse. It is constituted with simulation components and a set of management tools. The modules of this platform interact in the form of object and simulate the real running of hardware environment through event-driven.
Subject to the physical characteristic of hardware, a simplified simulation component model is given. Its structure is constituted with the exterior characteristic interface, physical performance interface and simulate control interface. The simulation component conforms to this component model standard has standard interface, clear function and good expansibility. The platform provides a set of management tools to operate simulation components. Among which, the component library manager is the window to browse and inquiry components; the environment allocator is the platform to build the simulative target board; the environment manager is the tool to maintain the running of simulation environment; the virtual logical analyzer and the debugger are the tools to test and verify the embedded software.
Based on the above study, a simulation platform for embedded software development has realized. After the start-up of simulation running environment with loaded object code, each simulation component shall harmonious run under the logic control of application software. The system has highly simulation degree as well as excellent expansibility, and it provides graphical interfaces for configuring. Especially, it’s a cycle-accurate simulation platform.
引文
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[2] Schwerte. General-purpose in-circuit emulator. Elektronik. 1982 (19):65-68
[3] Ing-Jer Huang, Hsin-Ming Chen, Chuang-Fu Kao. Reusable embedded in-circuit emulator. Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference 2001. 2001:33-34
[4] Rgincan, Saatci. Stand-Alone-Circuitemulator.Microprocessing and Microprogramming. 1986 (3):159-167
[5] 马坚. 用软件仿真系统代替硬件仿真器开发单片机. 软件世界, 1994.9
[6] Wind River. Tornado User’s Guide (Windows Version) 1.0. Wind River System.Inc, 1996
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[9] E.Keet. A personal recollection of software's early days(1960-1979):part 1. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. Volume 17, Issue 4, 1995:24-45.
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[18] 李霞, 亓雪冬. Linux 平台 RTOS 通用仿真环境的设计与实现. 微计算机信息, 2006.5: 75-77.
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[22] 肖亚军,张育平. 基于 corba 构件的软件体系结构模型. 计算机工程,2002
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[24] 杨芙清, 梅宏, 李克勤等. 支持构件复用的青鸟Ⅲ型系统概述. 计算机科学 , 1999 (05)
[25] John Gilmore, Cygnus Solutions. GDB Internals-A guide to the internals of the GNU debugger. Cygnus Solutions, 2004.2
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[28] 周秋珍, 张浩. 基于面向对象技术的构件化模型的仿真和分析评价. 组合机床和自动化加工技术, 1999, 12:20-23
[29] Carl J. Mauer, Mark D. Hill, David A. Wood.Full-system timing-first simulation. ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review, 2002, (30):108 –116
[30] 李明. 两种嵌入式软件仿真环境的比较与分析. IC 与元器件, 2003.7:47-49
[31] 陈定君 , 郭晓 东 , 张 应辉等 . 嵌 入式 软 件仿真 开 发 系统 的 研究 . 电子 学报 , 2000,28(3):137-139
[32] 覃征. 软件工程与管理. 北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[33] Ivar Jacobson, Martin Griss, Patrik Jonsson. Software Reuse Architecture,Process and Organization for Business Success. 机械工业出版社. 2003.1
[34] 朱超平. 设备构件化仿真技术在信息家电开发中的应用与研究:[硕士学位论文]. 成都:电子科技大学, 2004.
[35] SOHIG. Instruction issue logic for high-performance interruptible multiple functional unit pipelined computers. IEEE Transactions on Computer, 1990, 39(3):349-359
[36] Szyperski. Component Software :Beyond Object-Oriented Programming. Addison-Wesley, 2002
[37] 晏荣杰. 基于构件/构架软件的复用技术研究及应用:[硕士学位论文]. 保定:华北电力大学,2003
[38] 陈艳红. 基于构件的软件复用技术的研究与应用:[硕士学位论文]. 北京:首都经济贸易大学,2001
[39] Mark Michaelis. COM+ Programming from the Ground Up. ISBN:0-07-212045-2
[40] Corry 等著, 刘云, 孔雷等译. COM/DCOM 编程指南. 清华大学出版社. 2000 年
[41] Ivica Crnkovic. Component-based software engineering for embedded systems. Software Engineering, 2005
[42] S. Harrusi, A. Averbuch, A. Yehudai. XML Syntax Conscious Compression. IEEE, 2006
[43] 谢晓芹, 李涓子, 王沛等. 基于 xml 的构件自动组装系统的设计与实现. 计算机工程与应用,2005.4
[44] 甘小斌. XML 标准体系介绍. 信息技术与标准化,2004.9
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[48] S3C2410X User’s Manual. SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS
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[54] 邓春梅. 嵌入式系统软件仿真技术的研究与实现:[硕士学位论文]. 成都:电子科技大学. 2004
[55] Ian Granham. Object-Oriented Methods Principles & Practice. Beijing:China Machine Press,2003.3
[2] Schwerte. General-purpose in-circuit emulator. Elektronik. 1982 (19):65-68
[3] Ing-Jer Huang, Hsin-Ming Chen, Chuang-Fu Kao. Reusable embedded in-circuit emulator. Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference 2001. 2001:33-34
[4] Rgincan, Saatci. Stand-Alone-Circuitemulator.Microprocessing and Microprogramming. 1986 (3):159-167
[5] 马坚. 用软件仿真系统代替硬件仿真器开发单片机. 软件世界, 1994.9
[6] Wind River. Tornado User’s Guide (Windows Version) 1.0. Wind River System.Inc, 1996
[7] 刘韬. 基于DeltaCORBA的嵌入式应用系统设计仿真环境:[硕士学位论文]. 成都:电子科技大学. 2004
[8] 闫守孟. 面向嵌入式LINUX系统的仿真开发环境:[硕士学位论文]. 西安: 西北工业大学. 2002
[9] E.Keet. A personal recollection of software's early days(1960-1979):part 1. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. Volume 17, Issue 4, 1995:24-45.
[10] R.Voith. The PowerPC 603 C++ Verilog Interface Model. Digest of papers-Spring CompCon 94.IEEE Computer Society Press. 1994.3:337-340
[11] G.Maturana, J.L.Ball, J.Gee,et al. Incas:A Cycle Accurate Model of UltraSPARC. IEEE VLSI in computers&Processor (ICCD '95). 1995: 130-135.
[12] T.Austin, E.Larson, D.Ernst. SimpleScalar: an infrastructure for computer system modeling. Computer. Volume 35, Issue 2, 2002.2: 59-67.
[13] ARM7TDMI DesignStart Kit User Guide. http://www.arm.com
[14] Mendel Rosenblum, Stephen A.herrod, Emmett Witchel, et al. Complete Computer System Simulation: The SimOS Approach. Stanford University IEEE Parallel&Distributed Technology. 1995
[15] M.Moudgill. Techniques for implementing fast processor simulators. IEEE Simulation Symposium,1998.Proceedings.31st Annual.5-9 April 1998: 83 - 90
[16] Eddy Quicksall, Ken Gibson. Simulation and Device-Driver Development. Dr Dobb’s Journal, 1997
[17] 萧鹏, 季红彬. M*CORE 和 SoC 设计平台及其应用. 2002 年集成电路行业协会年会,中国,成都,2002.10
[18] 李霞, 亓雪冬. Linux 平台 RTOS 通用仿真环境的设计与实现. 微计算机信息, 2006.5: 75-77.
[19] 金方其. 可重配置的时钟精确嵌入式处理器仿真平台:[硕士学位论文] .杭州:浙江大学. 2006
[20] Whittle B, Ratcliffe M. Software component interface description for reuse. Software Engineering Journal, 1993, 8(6):307~318
[21] 潘爱民. COM 原理与应用. 北京:清华大学出版社,2000.10-12
[22] 肖亚军,张育平. 基于 corba 构件的软件体系结构模型. 计算机工程,2002
[23] John A.Miller, Yongfu Ge, Junxiu Tao. Component-Based Simulation Enviromnets: Jsim as a Case Study Using Java Beans. Computer Science Department 415 GSRC University of Georgia.
[24] 杨芙清, 梅宏, 李克勤等. 支持构件复用的青鸟Ⅲ型系统概述. 计算机科学 , 1999 (05)
[25] John Gilmore, Cygnus Solutions. GDB Internals-A guide to the internals of the GNU debugger. Cygnus Solutions, 2004.2
[26] 探矽工作室. 嵌入式系统开发圣经(第二版). 中国铁道工作室.
[27] MacDougall M.H.Computer System Simulation. ACM Press, 1970, 2(3):191-209.
[28] 周秋珍, 张浩. 基于面向对象技术的构件化模型的仿真和分析评价. 组合机床和自动化加工技术, 1999, 12:20-23
[29] Carl J. Mauer, Mark D. Hill, David A. Wood.Full-system timing-first simulation. ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review, 2002, (30):108 –116
[30] 李明. 两种嵌入式软件仿真环境的比较与分析. IC 与元器件, 2003.7:47-49
[31] 陈定君 , 郭晓 东 , 张 应辉等 . 嵌 入式 软 件仿真 开 发 系统 的 研究 . 电子 学报 , 2000,28(3):137-139
[32] 覃征. 软件工程与管理. 北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[33] Ivar Jacobson, Martin Griss, Patrik Jonsson. Software Reuse Architecture,Process and Organization for Business Success. 机械工业出版社. 2003.1
[34] 朱超平. 设备构件化仿真技术在信息家电开发中的应用与研究:[硕士学位论文]. 成都:电子科技大学, 2004.
[35] SOHIG. Instruction issue logic for high-performance interruptible multiple functional unit pipelined computers. IEEE Transactions on Computer, 1990, 39(3):349-359
[36] Szyperski. Component Software :Beyond Object-Oriented Programming. Addison-Wesley, 2002
[37] 晏荣杰. 基于构件/构架软件的复用技术研究及应用:[硕士学位论文]. 保定:华北电力大学,2003
[38] 陈艳红. 基于构件的软件复用技术的研究与应用:[硕士学位论文]. 北京:首都经济贸易大学,2001
[39] Mark Michaelis. COM+ Programming from the Ground Up. ISBN:0-07-212045-2
[40] Corry 等著, 刘云, 孔雷等译. COM/DCOM 编程指南. 清华大学出版社. 2000 年
[41] Ivica Crnkovic. Component-based software engineering for embedded systems. Software Engineering, 2005
[42] S. Harrusi, A. Averbuch, A. Yehudai. XML Syntax Conscious Compression. IEEE, 2006
[43] 谢晓芹, 李涓子, 王沛等. 基于 xml 的构件自动组装系统的设计与实现. 计算机工程与应用,2005.4
[44] 甘小斌. XML 标准体系介绍. 信息技术与标准化,2004.9
[45] 赵泽松. 总线-插件式体系结构方法研究:[硕士学位论文]. 重庆:重庆大学, 2001.
[46] Eclipse.org home. http://www.eclipse.org/
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