城市公路隧道智能监控方法和系统研究
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摘要
目前我国城市的市政建设发展迅速,城市交通拥挤现象日趋严重,为解决交通不便等问题,城市公路隧道也日益增多。当前隧道监控的设备及监控方案虽然已基本成熟,但针对城市公路隧道监控尚无专业标准和规范,只能参考公路隧道和城市建筑的相关规范,而且系统的性价比不高,控制并未实现全自动,系统的集成性和可扩展性有待改进。
城市公路隧道不仅是一个城市的交通咽喉,同时也是城市的景观。因此,监控系统的组成不仅要遵守相关规范的要求,还需考虑城市隧道的特点。隧道一旦开通后,如不是万不得已就不太可能再封闭维修,因为会对整个城市交通网造成很大影响。因此要充分考虑系统的可靠性、稳定性、可维护性、操作的方便性。
从技术上考虑应选用数字化与智能化在线检测仪器仪表,控制系统应采用柔性区域现场控制,系统功能要有智能的联动机制,如火灾报警系统与消防系统的联动、通风控制系统不仅要考虑隧道的环境参数,还要考虑交通流量及通道占有率等。
本文首先分析了相关规范和城市公路隧道的特点,提出了城市公路隧道智能监控系统的框架；提出了适用于城市公路隧道监控系统中的多传感器融合方法和基于D-S证据理论的多传感器数据融合算法；提出了针对城市长隧道的分布式柔性控制技术,扩展了城市隧道的柔性控制系统,将其分为城市公路隧道分布式柔性集散控制系统和局部集中式柔性控制系统；依据空气动力学原理研究城市公路隧道通风控制基本方法,引入模糊控制技术,设计建立了基于模糊控制技术的通风控制模型,提出了基于BP模糊神经网络的通风控制算法；依据国家标准和规定,研究建立了基于模糊推理神经网络的公路隧道排水控制模型,提出了基于FCM聚类的模糊神经网络排水控制算法。
城市公路隧道智能监控系统可作为城市智能交通的一部分,智能交通监控系统作为解决城市交通复杂系统问题的方法,具有很强的可行性和实际应用价值,将向产业化方向迅猛发展,其设计和研究都具有重要的实用意义。
With the rapid development of urban construction, the phenomenon of urban traffic jam tends to be serious. Urban road tunnel is increasing to solve such problems as transport facilities and urban traffic congestion as soon as possible. Tunnel current monitoring equipment and monitoring program have been basically mature, but the cost performance is not high enough to achieve automatic control. Software integration and extend ability need improving
Urban highway tunnel is not only a city's traffic throat, but also the city's landscape. Therefore, the composition of the monitoring system not only complies with regulatory requirements, but needs to consider the characteristics of urban tunnels as well. The tunnel, once opened, if not a last resort, is unlikely to be closed for repairs because the city transportation network will be greatly affected. Hence, system reliability, stability, maintainability and ease of operation should be taken into full account.
From technical point of view, digital and intelligent on-line detection instrumentation should be employed. The control system should adopt flexible regional on-site control. The function of the system must be intelligent linkage mechanism, such as the fire alarm system and fire fighting system linkage. Ventilation control system should consider not only the tunnel environmental parameters, but also traffic flow and channel share and so on.
This paper firstly analyzes the relevant specifications and characteristics of urban highway tunnel, puts forward a framework of the city's highway tunnel intelligent monitoring system; studies the multi-sensor fusion methods and flexible control technology and multi-sensor data fusion algorithm based on D-S evidence theory in the urban highway tunnel monitoring system. For the long tunnel of the city, it proposes distributed flexible control technology, which expands flexible control system of the city tunnel, divides urban highway tunnel into distributed flexible distributed control system and local centralized flexible control system. Then, the paper focuses on the intelligent method in the ventilation system and drainage system applications. According to the aerodynamics, it studies the basic control method of ventilation in the urban highway tunnel and introduces fuzzy control technology. It also designs a control model of ventilation based on fuzzy control technology. The paper supplies a ventilation control algorithm based on BP fuzzy neural network. Based on fuzzy inference neural network, a control model for urban highway tunnel drainage is established through the analysis of the tunnel according to corresponding standards. Then, based on FCM clustering, a fuzzy neural network control algorithm for drainage is proposed.
Urban highway tunnel intelligent monitoring system can be used as a part of the Urban Intelligent Transportation. Intelligent traffic monitoring system as a method of solution to the problems of the complex urban transport system, has a strong feasibility and a great value of practical application. It will be the direction of the rapid development of industrialization. Its design and study show the vital practical significance.
城市公路隧道不仅是一个城市的交通咽喉,同时也是城市的景观。因此,监控系统的组成不仅要遵守相关规范的要求,还需考虑城市隧道的特点。隧道一旦开通后,如不是万不得已就不太可能再封闭维修,因为会对整个城市交通网造成很大影响。因此要充分考虑系统的可靠性、稳定性、可维护性、操作的方便性。
从技术上考虑应选用数字化与智能化在线检测仪器仪表,控制系统应采用柔性区域现场控制,系统功能要有智能的联动机制,如火灾报警系统与消防系统的联动、通风控制系统不仅要考虑隧道的环境参数,还要考虑交通流量及通道占有率等。
本文首先分析了相关规范和城市公路隧道的特点,提出了城市公路隧道智能监控系统的框架；提出了适用于城市公路隧道监控系统中的多传感器融合方法和基于D-S证据理论的多传感器数据融合算法；提出了针对城市长隧道的分布式柔性控制技术,扩展了城市隧道的柔性控制系统,将其分为城市公路隧道分布式柔性集散控制系统和局部集中式柔性控制系统；依据空气动力学原理研究城市公路隧道通风控制基本方法,引入模糊控制技术,设计建立了基于模糊控制技术的通风控制模型,提出了基于BP模糊神经网络的通风控制算法；依据国家标准和规定,研究建立了基于模糊推理神经网络的公路隧道排水控制模型,提出了基于FCM聚类的模糊神经网络排水控制算法。
城市公路隧道智能监控系统可作为城市智能交通的一部分,智能交通监控系统作为解决城市交通复杂系统问题的方法,具有很强的可行性和实际应用价值,将向产业化方向迅猛发展,其设计和研究都具有重要的实用意义。
With the rapid development of urban construction, the phenomenon of urban traffic jam tends to be serious. Urban road tunnel is increasing to solve such problems as transport facilities and urban traffic congestion as soon as possible. Tunnel current monitoring equipment and monitoring program have been basically mature, but the cost performance is not high enough to achieve automatic control. Software integration and extend ability need improving
Urban highway tunnel is not only a city's traffic throat, but also the city's landscape. Therefore, the composition of the monitoring system not only complies with regulatory requirements, but needs to consider the characteristics of urban tunnels as well. The tunnel, once opened, if not a last resort, is unlikely to be closed for repairs because the city transportation network will be greatly affected. Hence, system reliability, stability, maintainability and ease of operation should be taken into full account.
From technical point of view, digital and intelligent on-line detection instrumentation should be employed. The control system should adopt flexible regional on-site control. The function of the system must be intelligent linkage mechanism, such as the fire alarm system and fire fighting system linkage. Ventilation control system should consider not only the tunnel environmental parameters, but also traffic flow and channel share and so on.
This paper firstly analyzes the relevant specifications and characteristics of urban highway tunnel, puts forward a framework of the city's highway tunnel intelligent monitoring system; studies the multi-sensor fusion methods and flexible control technology and multi-sensor data fusion algorithm based on D-S evidence theory in the urban highway tunnel monitoring system. For the long tunnel of the city, it proposes distributed flexible control technology, which expands flexible control system of the city tunnel, divides urban highway tunnel into distributed flexible distributed control system and local centralized flexible control system. Then, the paper focuses on the intelligent method in the ventilation system and drainage system applications. According to the aerodynamics, it studies the basic control method of ventilation in the urban highway tunnel and introduces fuzzy control technology. It also designs a control model of ventilation based on fuzzy control technology. The paper supplies a ventilation control algorithm based on BP fuzzy neural network. Based on fuzzy inference neural network, a control model for urban highway tunnel drainage is established through the analysis of the tunnel according to corresponding standards. Then, based on FCM clustering, a fuzzy neural network control algorithm for drainage is proposed.
Urban highway tunnel intelligent monitoring system can be used as a part of the Urban Intelligent Transportation. Intelligent traffic monitoring system as a method of solution to the problems of the complex urban transport system, has a strong feasibility and a great value of practical application. It will be the direction of the rapid development of industrialization. Its design and study show the vital practical significance.
引文
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