变压器油中溶解气体在线监测关键技术研究
摘要
电力变压器是电力系统最重要的设备,其安全运行关乎整个电力系统的安全,事关国家团结和社会稳定,意义重大。变压器油中溶解气体的种类、含量和变化趋势是反映变压器运行状况好坏的重要依据。通过检测变压器油中溶解气体的各项指标,监测变压器运行状况已经成为电力部门监测变压器的主要手段。本文在充分调查了变压器在线监测历史、发展和现状以及国内外变压器油中溶解气体在线检测技术发展水平的基础上,从油气分离,混合气分离,微量可燃气体检测和数据处理等几个方面对变压器油中溶解气体在线监测关键技术进行了深入的探讨。研究了变压器产气机理和特征气体与变压器运行状况之间的关系;研究了高分子半透膜的透气机理,通过大量比对实验,综合分析了普通聚四氟乙烯半透膜、F46半透膜、GP100毛细管束膜、特氟隆PTFE等多种高分子膜的透气性能和机械性能,得到特氟隆PTFE半透膜是理想的油气分离膜的结论;研究了混合气体分离的机理,剖析了气相色谱分析法的原理和技术难点;总结了国内外流行的气体检测装置和传感器,综合分析各种气体检测装置的优缺点;重点研究了固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)的原理,创造性地运用逆向思维,将普遍用于发电装置的燃料电池技术成功改造成为微量可燃气体定量传感器,建立了管式固体氧化物燃料电池传感器的物理模型。通过大量实验,从稳定性,线形度和灵敏度等方面考查SOFC传感器的性能,得到结论:SOFC微量气体传感器能够满足国家标准中规定的变压器油中溶解气体在线监测的各项指标。在对各个关键功能模块深入研究的基础上,完成了变压器油中溶解气体在线监测装置的系统组成。分析了工程实现和现场安装中需要注意的技术细节,提出了工程应用所必需解决的几个关键技术处理方法。对整体机箱的结构设计和合理化布局做了一定的研究,成功解决了装置的电磁兼容的问题。根据设备在现场运行的状况,提出了需要改进的问题,点明了变压器油中溶解气体在线监测技术日后的发展方向。
Power transformers are the most important equipments in electric power system. They are related with the whole safety of electric power system, country solidification and social stability. They own very important significance. Transformer oil dissolving gases' kinds, contents and change trends are important sign to reflect transformer's status. can reflect transformer's status. Dissolved gas analyzing (DGA) in transformer oil is main method to detect transformers in electric power department. Paper fully investigates transformer on-line DGA history, status and development level at home and abroad. Paper fully researches dissolved gases in transformer oil online detecting key technology in such fields as separating gas from oil, mixture gases separating, tiny combustible gases detecting and dates processing. Paper deeply researches principle of product gases from transformer and expound the relationship between character gases and the kind of transformer fault. Paper fully researches principle of macromolecule semi-permeable membrane. According to mounts of experiments among common PTFE, F46, GP100 and Telfon with PTFE membranes, we get conclusion: Telfon with PTFE membrane is the best macromolecule semi-permeable membrane in the use of DGA. Research principle of separating mixture gases system: chromatogram column and analyze the principle of gas chromatogram and technology difficult. Paper generally summarizes gas detectors at home and abroad and analyzes the advantage and disadvantage of all kinds of gas detectors and sensors. Paper researches Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) principle. Using creative ideas, SOFC which is used as generating power equipment is transformed into tiny combustible gases sensor. Establish tube SOFC physics model. Amounts of experiences finished, we test SOFC's performance of line, stability and sensitivity. We found SOFC can meet the need of GB in transformer oil DGA. On the base of optimization of each key model, paper makes up the whole transformer oil on-line detecting system composition. Analyzing some detail in engineering realization and field installation, paper gives some methods to solve key questions. Paper researched box structure design and layout, and we successfully make sure EMC. According to status of on the function in field, give some suggestions which need solved in future and the development trend.
Power transformers are the most important equipments in electric power system. They are related with the whole safety of electric power system, country solidification and social stability. They own very important significance. Transformer oil dissolving gases' kinds, contents and change trends are important sign to reflect transformer's status. can reflect transformer's status. Dissolved gas analyzing (DGA) in transformer oil is main method to detect transformers in electric power department. Paper fully investigates transformer on-line DGA history, status and development level at home and abroad. Paper fully researches dissolved gases in transformer oil online detecting key technology in such fields as separating gas from oil, mixture gases separating, tiny combustible gases detecting and dates processing. Paper deeply researches principle of product gases from transformer and expound the relationship between character gases and the kind of transformer fault. Paper fully researches principle of macromolecule semi-permeable membrane. According to mounts of experiments among common PTFE, F46, GP100 and Telfon with PTFE membranes, we get conclusion: Telfon with PTFE membrane is the best macromolecule semi-permeable membrane in the use of DGA. Research principle of separating mixture gases system: chromatogram column and analyze the principle of gas chromatogram and technology difficult. Paper generally summarizes gas detectors at home and abroad and analyzes the advantage and disadvantage of all kinds of gas detectors and sensors. Paper researches Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) principle. Using creative ideas, SOFC which is used as generating power equipment is transformed into tiny combustible gases sensor. Establish tube SOFC physics model. Amounts of experiences finished, we test SOFC's performance of line, stability and sensitivity. We found SOFC can meet the need of GB in transformer oil DGA. On the base of optimization of each key model, paper makes up the whole transformer oil on-line detecting system composition. Analyzing some detail in engineering realization and field installation, paper gives some methods to solve key questions. Paper researched box structure design and layout, and we successfully make sure EMC. According to status of on the function in field, give some suggestions which need solved in future and the development trend.
引文
[1]黄德祥,曹建.数据融合技术在电力设备在线监测系统数字滤波中的应用.电网技术,2004、28(21):31-32
[2]陈维荣.电力系统设备状态监测的概念及现状.电网技术,2000,24(11):12-17
[3]Duval M.A review of faults detectable by gas-in-oil analysis in transformers.IEEE Elec Insul Magaz,2002,18(3):8-10
[4]Borsi H.油绝缘设备检测原理及检测仪.电气设备的监测和诊断,CIGRE论文选,北京:1993:45-46
[5]张雨,徐小林,张建华.设备状态监测与故障诊断的理论和实践.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,2000.45-50
[6]Zhang Y,Ding X,Liu Y.An artificial neural network approach to transformer fault:diagnosis.IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery,1996,11(4):1836-1842.
[7]李岩.变压器在线监测系统的研究:[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学,2005
[8]王璐,王鹏.电气设备在线监测与状态检修技术.现代电力,2002,19(5):40-45
[9]唐淘.国内外变电站无人值班综合自动化技术发展综述.电力系统自动化,1995,19(10):10-17
[10]谭炜.关于无人值守变电站设计的几点看法.广西电力技术,2000,3(3):44-46
[11]孙才新.电气设备油中气体在线监测与故障诊断技术.北京:科学出版社,2003.120-122
[12]陈家斌.电气设备故障检测诊断方法及实例.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003.198-199
[13]陈德树.计算机继电保护原理与技术.武汉:水利电力出版社,1995.67-68
[14]宋斌,于萍,罗运柏.变压器油状态监测的专家系统及应用研究.变压器,1998,35(12):27-30
[15]张雪梅,李邦云,丁晓群.变压器油中溶解气体在线监测系统的应用.变压器,2004,41(4):36-39
[16]钱旭耀.变压器油及相关故障诊断处理技术,北京:中国电力出版社,2006. 58-59
[17]中国电力科学研究院.DL/T 722-2000.变压器油中溶解气体分析和判断导则.北京:中国标准出版社,2000-01-01
[18]周绍珠,王国刚,王茁.电力变压器带电状态下油流带电测量研究.变压器,2001,38(8):30-31
[19]涂愈明,王赞基,江辑光等.超高压变压器油流静电带电问题的研究现状.变压器,1997,34(6):1-8
[20]林永平.变压器油色谱分析技术的发展及最新动态.变压器2002,39(9):46-47
[21]杨敏,王祖武,汤金花等.聚四氟乙烯微孔膜脱硫试验研究.环境科学与技术,2005,28(5):14-17
[22]贾瑞君.高分子薄膜在变压器油中溶解气体在线监测中的应用.变压器,2001,38(10):37-40
[23]郑领英,王学松.膜技术,北京:化学工业出版社,2000.23-24
[24]#12
[25]朱宝库,陈伟,王建黎等.膜接触分离混合气体中二氧化碳的研究.环境科学,2003,24(5):35-39
[26]贾瑞君.关于变压器油中溶解气体在线监测的综述.变压器,2002,39(9):39-41
[27]Marcel Mulder,膜技术基本原理,北京:清华大学出版社,1999.18-24
[28]Ferrito S J.A comparative study of dissolved gas analysis techniques:the vacuum extraction method verse the direct injection method.IEEE Trans.Power Deli.,1990,5(1):220-225
[29]Tsukioka H,Sugawara K,Mori E.Application of polymer membrane as means of separation gases from oil.Inst Elect Engrs,Japan,1982,10(2):295-299
[30]井上靖雄,神庭腾.油入电气机器の内部异常预知.OHM,1988,5(5):89-92
[31]Keizer,K.,Uhlhorn,R.J.R and Burggraaf,A,J.Gas Separation using inorganic Membranes,Elsevier,Amsterdam,1995:57-58
[32]Geus,E,R.,Mulder,A.,Vischjager,D.J.,Schoonman,J.,and van Bekkum,H.,Key Engineering Materials,1991:57-58
[33]付利民.氟树脂薄膜的特性及应用.有机氟工业,1991,3(3):31-36
[34]Keizer,K.,Zaspalis,V.T.,de Lange,R.S.A.,Membrane reactors for partical oxidation and dehydrogenation reactions.Dordrecht,1994,3(3):95-96
[35]贾瑞君.变压器油中溶解氢气在线监测仪的研制.电网技术,1998,22(1):4-7
[36]DUVAL M.New techniques for dissolved gas in oil analysis.IEEE Electrical Insulator,2003,19(2):6-15
[37]程鹏,佟来生,吴广宁等.大型变压器油中溶解气体在线监测技术进展.电力自动化设备,2004,24(11):90-93
[38]Kalids S P,Kapantaidakis G C,Solution of multicomponent gas separation in a hollow fiber membrane by orthogonal collocation-hydrogen recover from refinery gases.Journal of Membrance Science,2000,17(3):61-69
[39]刘先勇,钟秋海,周方洁.从变压器中分离故障特征气体的研究.电力系统自动化,2005、29(2):56-60
[40]陈珊妹,李敖琪.双向拉伸PTFE微孔膜的制备及其性能.膜科学与技术,2003,12(2):23-26.
[41]陈伟根.大容量高电压变压器油中气体色谱在线监测原理及方法的研究:[硕士学位论文].重庆大学,2003
[42]封越鹏,邱赫男.气相色谱分析中样品介质不同对分析结果的影响.环境监测管理与技术,2004,16(2):17-19
[43]Niessen W.M.A State of the art in Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.J.of Chromatography A.1999,856(2):179-180
[44]Somsen G W,Gooijer C,Liquid Chromatography-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry,J of Chromatography A.1999,856(2):213-214
[45]李苍义.用色谱法诊断变压器过热故障及其部位.变压器,1995,32(7):32-33
[46]彭宁云,文习山,陈超强.气相色谱分析变压器潜伏性故障.高电压技术,2002,8(8):22-24
[47]刘新良,丁纲生.主变压器油气相色谱分析方法中自备填充柱的研制.机车电传动,2001,4(4):52-54
[48]Pretorius V,Hopkins B J,Scheck J D.J.Chromatogram.1974,99(5):23-30
[49]陈体清.气相色谱及其分析应用.成都:成都科技大学出版社,1987:66-68
[50]Zeeuw J de,Duvekot C,Mohnke M,The Pittsburgh Conference Abstracts.New Orleans,LA,USA:2000:106-107
[51]Archer J O,Lautamo R M.The Pittsburgh Conference Abstracts.New Orleans,LA,USA:2000:109-110
[52]吴烈钧.气相色谱检测方法.北京:化学工业出版社,2000:40-41
[53]黄德祥,曹建,王会海等.基于MEMS技术的热导池检测器在变压器油中气体在线检测系统中的应用研究.化工自动化及仪表,2004,31(6):48-50
[54]佟继春,陈伟根,陈荣柱.一种在线分析变压器故障特征气体的智能传感器.高压电器,2004,40(6):43-434
[55]李红雷,周方洁,谈克雄等.用于变压器在线监测的傅里叶红外定量分析.电力系统自动化,2005,29(18):62-63
[56]顾蕙祥,阎宝石.气相色谱实用手册.北京:化学工业出版社,1990.6-8
[57]张川,王辅.光声光谱技术在变压器油气分析中的应用.高电压技术,2005,31(2):84-85
[58]周良模.气相色谱新技术.北京:科学出版社,1994.8-9
[59]杨莉,尚勇,严璋.电力变压器状态检测的国外动态.变压器,2002,39(S1):58-60
[60]Brel E.A new concept for on-line transformer gas monitoring.CIGRE 2000International Conference on Large Electric Systems.Paris,French,2000:12-15
[61]骆仲秧,张小丹.高温燃料电池技术分析及前景展望.经济技术综述,2003,12(1):23-24
[62]宋海华,邬慧雄.燃料电池技术在电催化反应领域的应用.化学进展,2004,16(3):400-402
[63]李晨,史翔翔.管式固体氧化物燃料电池的数值模拟.动力工程,2006,26(10):742-745
[64]Todd B,Young J B.Thermodynamic and transportproperties of gases for use in solid oxide fuel cell modeling.Journal of Power Sources,2002,110(11):186-200
[65]Paola Costamagna,Paolo Costa,Vincenzo anatomic micro-modeling of solid oxide fuel cell electrodes.Electrochimica Acta,1998,43(3-4):375-376
[66]雷雄.卡套式管接头与双卡套式管接头的密封性能对比.液压气动与密封,2002,92(2):44-45
[67]王秀红.微泵进展研究.排灌机械,2000,21(1):5-6
[68]曾智祥,肖莉.某导弹控制系统单机机箱电磁屏蔽设计分析.国防技术基础,2007,12(12):37-38
[2]陈维荣.电力系统设备状态监测的概念及现状.电网技术,2000,24(11):12-17
[3]Duval M.A review of faults detectable by gas-in-oil analysis in transformers.IEEE Elec Insul Magaz,2002,18(3):8-10
[4]Borsi H.油绝缘设备检测原理及检测仪.电气设备的监测和诊断,CIGRE论文选,北京:1993:45-46
[5]张雨,徐小林,张建华.设备状态监测与故障诊断的理论和实践.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,2000.45-50
[6]Zhang Y,Ding X,Liu Y.An artificial neural network approach to transformer fault:diagnosis.IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery,1996,11(4):1836-1842.
[7]李岩.变压器在线监测系统的研究:[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学,2005
[8]王璐,王鹏.电气设备在线监测与状态检修技术.现代电力,2002,19(5):40-45
[9]唐淘.国内外变电站无人值班综合自动化技术发展综述.电力系统自动化,1995,19(10):10-17
[10]谭炜.关于无人值守变电站设计的几点看法.广西电力技术,2000,3(3):44-46
[11]孙才新.电气设备油中气体在线监测与故障诊断技术.北京:科学出版社,2003.120-122
[12]陈家斌.电气设备故障检测诊断方法及实例.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003.198-199
[13]陈德树.计算机继电保护原理与技术.武汉:水利电力出版社,1995.67-68
[14]宋斌,于萍,罗运柏.变压器油状态监测的专家系统及应用研究.变压器,1998,35(12):27-30
[15]张雪梅,李邦云,丁晓群.变压器油中溶解气体在线监测系统的应用.变压器,2004,41(4):36-39
[16]钱旭耀.变压器油及相关故障诊断处理技术,北京:中国电力出版社,2006. 58-59
[17]中国电力科学研究院.DL/T 722-2000.变压器油中溶解气体分析和判断导则.北京:中国标准出版社,2000-01-01
[18]周绍珠,王国刚,王茁.电力变压器带电状态下油流带电测量研究.变压器,2001,38(8):30-31
[19]涂愈明,王赞基,江辑光等.超高压变压器油流静电带电问题的研究现状.变压器,1997,34(6):1-8
[20]林永平.变压器油色谱分析技术的发展及最新动态.变压器2002,39(9):46-47
[21]杨敏,王祖武,汤金花等.聚四氟乙烯微孔膜脱硫试验研究.环境科学与技术,2005,28(5):14-17
[22]贾瑞君.高分子薄膜在变压器油中溶解气体在线监测中的应用.变压器,2001,38(10):37-40
[23]郑领英,王学松.膜技术,北京:化学工业出版社,2000.23-24
[24]#12
[25]朱宝库,陈伟,王建黎等.膜接触分离混合气体中二氧化碳的研究.环境科学,2003,24(5):35-39
[26]贾瑞君.关于变压器油中溶解气体在线监测的综述.变压器,2002,39(9):39-41
[27]Marcel Mulder,膜技术基本原理,北京:清华大学出版社,1999.18-24
[28]Ferrito S J.A comparative study of dissolved gas analysis techniques:the vacuum extraction method verse the direct injection method.IEEE Trans.Power Deli.,1990,5(1):220-225
[29]Tsukioka H,Sugawara K,Mori E.Application of polymer membrane as means of separation gases from oil.Inst Elect Engrs,Japan,1982,10(2):295-299
[30]井上靖雄,神庭腾.油入电气机器の内部异常预知.OHM,1988,5(5):89-92
[31]Keizer,K.,Uhlhorn,R.J.R and Burggraaf,A,J.Gas Separation using inorganic Membranes,Elsevier,Amsterdam,1995:57-58
[32]Geus,E,R.,Mulder,A.,Vischjager,D.J.,Schoonman,J.,and van Bekkum,H.,Key Engineering Materials,1991:57-58
[33]付利民.氟树脂薄膜的特性及应用.有机氟工业,1991,3(3):31-36
[34]Keizer,K.,Zaspalis,V.T.,de Lange,R.S.A.,Membrane reactors for partical oxidation and dehydrogenation reactions.Dordrecht,1994,3(3):95-96
[35]贾瑞君.变压器油中溶解氢气在线监测仪的研制.电网技术,1998,22(1):4-7
[36]DUVAL M.New techniques for dissolved gas in oil analysis.IEEE Electrical Insulator,2003,19(2):6-15
[37]程鹏,佟来生,吴广宁等.大型变压器油中溶解气体在线监测技术进展.电力自动化设备,2004,24(11):90-93
[38]Kalids S P,Kapantaidakis G C,Solution of multicomponent gas separation in a hollow fiber membrane by orthogonal collocation-hydrogen recover from refinery gases.Journal of Membrance Science,2000,17(3):61-69
[39]刘先勇,钟秋海,周方洁.从变压器中分离故障特征气体的研究.电力系统自动化,2005、29(2):56-60
[40]陈珊妹,李敖琪.双向拉伸PTFE微孔膜的制备及其性能.膜科学与技术,2003,12(2):23-26.
[41]陈伟根.大容量高电压变压器油中气体色谱在线监测原理及方法的研究:[硕士学位论文].重庆大学,2003
[42]封越鹏,邱赫男.气相色谱分析中样品介质不同对分析结果的影响.环境监测管理与技术,2004,16(2):17-19
[43]Niessen W.M.A State of the art in Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.J.of Chromatography A.1999,856(2):179-180
[44]Somsen G W,Gooijer C,Liquid Chromatography-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry,J of Chromatography A.1999,856(2):213-214
[45]李苍义.用色谱法诊断变压器过热故障及其部位.变压器,1995,32(7):32-33
[46]彭宁云,文习山,陈超强.气相色谱分析变压器潜伏性故障.高电压技术,2002,8(8):22-24
[47]刘新良,丁纲生.主变压器油气相色谱分析方法中自备填充柱的研制.机车电传动,2001,4(4):52-54
[48]Pretorius V,Hopkins B J,Scheck J D.J.Chromatogram.1974,99(5):23-30
[49]陈体清.气相色谱及其分析应用.成都:成都科技大学出版社,1987:66-68
[50]Zeeuw J de,Duvekot C,Mohnke M,The Pittsburgh Conference Abstracts.New Orleans,LA,USA:2000:106-107
[51]Archer J O,Lautamo R M.The Pittsburgh Conference Abstracts.New Orleans,LA,USA:2000:109-110
[52]吴烈钧.气相色谱检测方法.北京:化学工业出版社,2000:40-41
[53]黄德祥,曹建,王会海等.基于MEMS技术的热导池检测器在变压器油中气体在线检测系统中的应用研究.化工自动化及仪表,2004,31(6):48-50
[54]佟继春,陈伟根,陈荣柱.一种在线分析变压器故障特征气体的智能传感器.高压电器,2004,40(6):43-434
[55]李红雷,周方洁,谈克雄等.用于变压器在线监测的傅里叶红外定量分析.电力系统自动化,2005,29(18):62-63
[56]顾蕙祥,阎宝石.气相色谱实用手册.北京:化学工业出版社,1990.6-8
[57]张川,王辅.光声光谱技术在变压器油气分析中的应用.高电压技术,2005,31(2):84-85
[58]周良模.气相色谱新技术.北京:科学出版社,1994.8-9
[59]杨莉,尚勇,严璋.电力变压器状态检测的国外动态.变压器,2002,39(S1):58-60
[60]Brel E.A new concept for on-line transformer gas monitoring.CIGRE 2000International Conference on Large Electric Systems.Paris,French,2000:12-15
[61]骆仲秧,张小丹.高温燃料电池技术分析及前景展望.经济技术综述,2003,12(1):23-24
[62]宋海华,邬慧雄.燃料电池技术在电催化反应领域的应用.化学进展,2004,16(3):400-402
[63]李晨,史翔翔.管式固体氧化物燃料电池的数值模拟.动力工程,2006,26(10):742-745
[64]Todd B,Young J B.Thermodynamic and transportproperties of gases for use in solid oxide fuel cell modeling.Journal of Power Sources,2002,110(11):186-200
[65]Paola Costamagna,Paolo Costa,Vincenzo anatomic micro-modeling of solid oxide fuel cell electrodes.Electrochimica Acta,1998,43(3-4):375-376
[66]雷雄.卡套式管接头与双卡套式管接头的密封性能对比.液压气动与密封,2002,92(2):44-45
[67]王秀红.微泵进展研究.排灌机械,2000,21(1):5-6
[68]曾智祥,肖莉.某导弹控制系统单机机箱电磁屏蔽设计分析.国防技术基础,2007,12(12):37-38