无线传感器网络定位技术的研究
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摘要
近年来,随着微机电系统(Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems)、无线通信技术、传感器技术与集成电路技术的迅速发展,无线传感器网络已经成为当今前沿性的热点研究方向之一。将无线传感器网络定位技术应用于井下监测系统,通过传感器节点协作的感知、采集和处理,实现对网络覆盖区域内事件的探测、识别、定位和跟踪,不但能够提高井下监测系统的性能,而且检测系统能在事故发生后继续运行,为搜救工作提供信息。
通过对无线传感器网络定位技术的研究,结合井下定位环境的特点,论文选择无线传感器网络中无需测距的定位技术作为研究方向,研究无线传感器网络中节点的自定位方法。(1)对于静态节点定位方面,论文研究了基于多跳的定位机制,重点研究了DV-Hop节点定位算法,该算法通过少数锚节点的动态刷新使多数待定位节点实施定位。通过分析DV-Hop算法中距离估计误差大、定位精度差等不足,结合井下监测网络拓扑的非规则性特点,论文对算法定位过程中节点间距离估计和定位输出这两个阶段进行优化,给出了基于DV-Hop节点定位算法的新方案:DV-HopZ;(2)对于动态节点的定位方面,针对锚节点动态刷新方法表现出实时性差,精度不高且能耗较高的问题,论文研究了蒙特卡罗移动定位算法。为了提高算法的实际效用性,论文对定位过程中预测、过滤等核心环节进行改进和优化,并且引入预测分析中的插值理论,给出了一种基于动态节点局部采样、实时输出的新方案:MCLZ;(3)在对静态节点和动态节点自定位方法研究的基础上,使用MATLAB仿真工具,设计并实现了基于DV-HopZ和MCLZ两种方案的节点定位原型系统。原型系统能够仿真显示两种方案的定位性能,网络中节点的部署情况,网络节点的连通性情况。
仿真实验表明,论文中对于静态节点和动态节点定位的新方案,能够满足井下监测系统的定位需要,具有良好的定位精度,较少的定位能量消耗和较强的网络适用性。
Recent years, with the rapid development of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems, the wireless communication technology, the sensor technology and the integrated circuit technology, the wireless sensor network has already become one of leading edge hot spot research directions. Apply the wireless sensor network positioning technology in underground monitoring system. Through the sensor node collaborative sensation, collection and processing, realizing to the network coverage of the region event's detection, the identification, the localization and the track, which can enhance improve the performance of the underground monitoring system, moreover, the detection system can run to continue after the accident, provide information for search and rescue work.
Based on wireless sensor network positioning technology research, combining the characteristics of underground positioning environment this paper take wireless sensor networks without ranging positioning technology as a research direction to research wireless sensor network the node from the localization method. (1) For the static node localization aspect, the paper has studied based on the localization mechanism, which focuses on studying the DV-Hop node localization algorithm, the proposed algorithm through a few anchor nodes that most dynamic refresh backlog a node implementation positioning. Through the analysis of the DV-Hop algorithm mid-range estimation errors, poor location accuracy insufficient, combining the underground monitoring network topology non-regularity characteristics, The paper on the rules of node during localization algorithm is estimated and the distance between the two stages positioning output the optimization, putting forward the new plan named by DV-HopZ of node localization algorithm based on DV-Hop .(2) For dynamic node localization aspects, in view of the anchor node dynamic refresh method , showing bad real-time, precision and high energy consumption, the paper studies the Monte Carol’s mobile location algorithm. In order to enhance the actual utility of the algorithm, the paper making the improvement and the optimization in the process to forecast and filtrate the core links, and in the introduction of predictive interpolation theory, proposing one kind based on the dynamic node partial sampling, the real-time output new plan: MCLZ; (3) for the static node and the dynamic node from the localization method study's foundation, using the MATLAB simulation tool, designed and realized two kind of plan node localization prototype systems based on DV-HopZ and the MCLZ. The prototype system can demonstrate the localization performance of two kinds of plans, in the network the node location state and the node connective situation.
Simulation experiments show that the paper for static nodes and dynamic node positioning of the new plan, which can satisfy the need of underground monitoring system, with good location positioning accuracy, few positioning energy consumption and strong network applicability.
通过对无线传感器网络定位技术的研究,结合井下定位环境的特点,论文选择无线传感器网络中无需测距的定位技术作为研究方向,研究无线传感器网络中节点的自定位方法。(1)对于静态节点定位方面,论文研究了基于多跳的定位机制,重点研究了DV-Hop节点定位算法,该算法通过少数锚节点的动态刷新使多数待定位节点实施定位。通过分析DV-Hop算法中距离估计误差大、定位精度差等不足,结合井下监测网络拓扑的非规则性特点,论文对算法定位过程中节点间距离估计和定位输出这两个阶段进行优化,给出了基于DV-Hop节点定位算法的新方案:DV-HopZ;(2)对于动态节点的定位方面,针对锚节点动态刷新方法表现出实时性差,精度不高且能耗较高的问题,论文研究了蒙特卡罗移动定位算法。为了提高算法的实际效用性,论文对定位过程中预测、过滤等核心环节进行改进和优化,并且引入预测分析中的插值理论,给出了一种基于动态节点局部采样、实时输出的新方案:MCLZ;(3)在对静态节点和动态节点自定位方法研究的基础上,使用MATLAB仿真工具,设计并实现了基于DV-HopZ和MCLZ两种方案的节点定位原型系统。原型系统能够仿真显示两种方案的定位性能,网络中节点的部署情况,网络节点的连通性情况。
仿真实验表明,论文中对于静态节点和动态节点定位的新方案,能够满足井下监测系统的定位需要,具有良好的定位精度,较少的定位能量消耗和较强的网络适用性。
Recent years, with the rapid development of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems, the wireless communication technology, the sensor technology and the integrated circuit technology, the wireless sensor network has already become one of leading edge hot spot research directions. Apply the wireless sensor network positioning technology in underground monitoring system. Through the sensor node collaborative sensation, collection and processing, realizing to the network coverage of the region event's detection, the identification, the localization and the track, which can enhance improve the performance of the underground monitoring system, moreover, the detection system can run to continue after the accident, provide information for search and rescue work.
Based on wireless sensor network positioning technology research, combining the characteristics of underground positioning environment this paper take wireless sensor networks without ranging positioning technology as a research direction to research wireless sensor network the node from the localization method. (1) For the static node localization aspect, the paper has studied based on the localization mechanism, which focuses on studying the DV-Hop node localization algorithm, the proposed algorithm through a few anchor nodes that most dynamic refresh backlog a node implementation positioning. Through the analysis of the DV-Hop algorithm mid-range estimation errors, poor location accuracy insufficient, combining the underground monitoring network topology non-regularity characteristics, The paper on the rules of node during localization algorithm is estimated and the distance between the two stages positioning output the optimization, putting forward the new plan named by DV-HopZ of node localization algorithm based on DV-Hop .(2) For dynamic node localization aspects, in view of the anchor node dynamic refresh method , showing bad real-time, precision and high energy consumption, the paper studies the Monte Carol’s mobile location algorithm. In order to enhance the actual utility of the algorithm, the paper making the improvement and the optimization in the process to forecast and filtrate the core links, and in the introduction of predictive interpolation theory, proposing one kind based on the dynamic node partial sampling, the real-time output new plan: MCLZ; (3) for the static node and the dynamic node from the localization method study's foundation, using the MATLAB simulation tool, designed and realized two kind of plan node localization prototype systems based on DV-HopZ and the MCLZ. The prototype system can demonstrate the localization performance of two kinds of plans, in the network the node location state and the node connective situation.
Simulation experiments show that the paper for static nodes and dynamic node positioning of the new plan, which can satisfy the need of underground monitoring system, with good location positioning accuracy, few positioning energy consumption and strong network applicability.
引文
[1]曹文明,王瑞.传感器网络覆盖定位模糊信息处理方法[M].电子工业出版社,2010.
[2]孙利民,李建中,陈渝,朱红松.无线传感器网络[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[3]于海斌,曾鹏等.智能无线传感器网络系统[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[4] Akyildig I F. A Survey On Sensor Networks[J]. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2002, 8: 725--734
[5] Pottie G J. Wireless Integrated Network Sensors[J]. Connunications of ACM, 2000, 5: 323-328.
[6] He T, Huang CD, Blum BM, Stankovic JA, Abdelzaher T.Range-Free localization schemes in large scale sensor networks, San Diego: ACM Press, 2003. 81-95.
[7]崔莉,苗勇等.无线传感器网络研究进展[J].计算机研究与发展,2005,(1)35-43
[8]陈帅,钟先信等.无线传感器网络的新进展与应用[J].压电与声光,2006,(3)36-39.
[9] He Yan, Hu Han-Ying, Zhou Shan, A TOA based believable factor mobile location algorithm [J]. IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2004(WCNC 2004), Piscataway, V01.1, 260-263, 21-25 March 2004.
[10] Wang Wei, Xiong Jin-Yu, Zhu Zhang-Liang, A new NLOS error mitigation algorithm in location estimation [J]. IEEE Trans. on Vehicular Technology, V01. 54, No.6, PP. 2048-2053, November 2005.
[11] Jun Liu, Qi mei Cui, Xiaofeng-Tao, Ping Zhang. A Method to Enhance the Accuracy of Location Systems Based on TOA-Location Algorithms [J]. 2006 6th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications Proceedings, PP. 979-982,June 2006.
[12]熊丽琼,彭雅丽等.基于层次型聚集算法的分区移动控制策略[J].计算机科学,2008,(35)179-184.
[13]钟晓玲,徐昌彪.矿井下基于无线传感器网络的定位机制[J].传感技术学报,2009,(22)1159-1162.
[14]王福豹,史龙,任丰原.无线传感器网络中的自身定位系统和算法[J].软件学报, 2005, 16(5): 857-866.
[15] Bulusu N, Heidenann J, EstrinD. GPS-Less low cost outdoor localization for very small devices [J]. IEEE Personal Communications, 2000, 7(5): 28-34.
[16] Savarese C, Rabaey J M, Locationing in distributed ad-hoc wireless sensor network [A], Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Int’l conf on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal[C].Salt Lake: IEEE Signal Processing Society, 2001, 4:2037-2040
[17] Capkun S,Handi M,Hubaux J-P. GPS-Free positioning in mobile ad-hoc networks[J]. Clustr Computing, 2002, 5(2): 157-167.
[18] Doherty L, Pister KSJ, Ghaoui LE. Convex position estimation in wireless sensor networks [A]: Proceedings of the IEEE Info COM[C]. Anchorage: IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, 2001,3: 1655-1663.
[19] Niculescu D, Nath B.DV based positioning in ad hoc networks [J]. Journal of Telecommunication Systems, 2003, 22(1/4): 267-280.
[20] Savvides C,Rabay J, Langendoen K. Robust positioning algorithms for distributed ad-hoc wireless sensor networks[A]: Ellis CS, ed.Proc of the USENIX Technical Annual Conf[C]. Monterey: USENIX press, 2002: 317-327.
[21] Meguerdichian S, Slijepcevic S, Karayan V, Potkonjak M. Localized algorithms in wireless ad-hoc networks: Location discovery and sensor exposure[A]: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc networking &Computing[C], 2001: 106-116.
[22] Hightower J, Boriello G. Location Systems for Ubiquitous Computing [M]. Computer, 2001, 34(8): 57-66.
[23] Want R, Hopper A, Falcao V, Gibbons J. The Active Badge Location System [J]. ACM Trans. on Information Systems, 1992, 10(1: 91-102.
[24] D.Niculescu and B.Nath. Ad hoc Positioning System(APS)[C]. GLOBECOM, San Antonio: November 2001: 2926—2931.
[25] Dmitri Perkins and Ramesh Turnati. Reducing Localization Errors in Sensor Ad Hoc Networks[C]. IEEE Intemational Conference on Performance Computing and Communications, Atlanta: 2004: 723-729.
[26] Bulusu N. Estrin D, Heidemann J. Tradeoffs in location support systems: The case for quality-expressive location models for applications[C]. Proc. of the Ubicomp 2001 Workshop on Location Modeling for Applications, Atlanta, 2001: 7-12.
[27] C.Savarese, K.Langendoen, and J.Rabaey. Robust positioning algorithms for distributed ad-hoc wireless sensor networks. In USENIX Technical Annual Conference, pages 317-328, Monterey, CA, 2002.
[28]史龙,王福豹等.无线传感器网络range-free自身定位机制预算法.计算机工程与应用, 2004(23): 127-130, 2004.
[29]张贤达.现代信号处理.清华大学出版社[M],2002: 40-42.
[30] Hu L, Evans D. Localization for Mobile sensor Networks[C]. Proceedings of the 10th Annum International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking. 2004: 45-47.
[31] Aline Baggio, Koen Langendoen. Monte Carlo Localization for Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks [J]. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2006, 4325(11): 317-328.
[32] Dil B, Dulman S, Havinga P J M. Range Based Localization in Mobile Sensor Networks[J]. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2006, 3868(2): 164—179.
[33] Rudafshani M, Datta S. Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks[C]. Proc of the 6th International Symposium on Information Processing in Sensor Networks. Massachusetts, 2007, 51-60.
[34] Shi W R, Xu L, Xu Y S. Localization algorithm with mobile anchor in static wireless sensor network[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument. 2007, 28(3):385-293.
[35] Parhirana P N, Bulusu N. Node localization using mobile robots in delay-tolerant sensor networks[J]. IEEE Transactions on mobile Computing. 2005, 4(3): 285-296.
[36]孙燕.无线传感器网络管理与节点定位技术的研究[D].西安电子科技大学, 2010.01.
[2]孙利民,李建中,陈渝,朱红松.无线传感器网络[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[3]于海斌,曾鹏等.智能无线传感器网络系统[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[4] Akyildig I F. A Survey On Sensor Networks[J]. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2002, 8: 725--734
[5] Pottie G J. Wireless Integrated Network Sensors[J]. Connunications of ACM, 2000, 5: 323-328.
[6] He T, Huang CD, Blum BM, Stankovic JA, Abdelzaher T.Range-Free localization schemes in large scale sensor networks, San Diego: ACM Press, 2003. 81-95.
[7]崔莉,苗勇等.无线传感器网络研究进展[J].计算机研究与发展,2005,(1)35-43
[8]陈帅,钟先信等.无线传感器网络的新进展与应用[J].压电与声光,2006,(3)36-39.
[9] He Yan, Hu Han-Ying, Zhou Shan, A TOA based believable factor mobile location algorithm [J]. IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2004(WCNC 2004), Piscataway, V01.1, 260-263, 21-25 March 2004.
[10] Wang Wei, Xiong Jin-Yu, Zhu Zhang-Liang, A new NLOS error mitigation algorithm in location estimation [J]. IEEE Trans. on Vehicular Technology, V01. 54, No.6, PP. 2048-2053, November 2005.
[11] Jun Liu, Qi mei Cui, Xiaofeng-Tao, Ping Zhang. A Method to Enhance the Accuracy of Location Systems Based on TOA-Location Algorithms [J]. 2006 6th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications Proceedings, PP. 979-982,June 2006.
[12]熊丽琼,彭雅丽等.基于层次型聚集算法的分区移动控制策略[J].计算机科学,2008,(35)179-184.
[13]钟晓玲,徐昌彪.矿井下基于无线传感器网络的定位机制[J].传感技术学报,2009,(22)1159-1162.
[14]王福豹,史龙,任丰原.无线传感器网络中的自身定位系统和算法[J].软件学报, 2005, 16(5): 857-866.
[15] Bulusu N, Heidenann J, EstrinD. GPS-Less low cost outdoor localization for very small devices [J]. IEEE Personal Communications, 2000, 7(5): 28-34.
[16] Savarese C, Rabaey J M, Locationing in distributed ad-hoc wireless sensor network [A], Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Int’l conf on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal[C].Salt Lake: IEEE Signal Processing Society, 2001, 4:2037-2040
[17] Capkun S,Handi M,Hubaux J-P. GPS-Free positioning in mobile ad-hoc networks[J]. Clustr Computing, 2002, 5(2): 157-167.
[18] Doherty L, Pister KSJ, Ghaoui LE. Convex position estimation in wireless sensor networks [A]: Proceedings of the IEEE Info COM[C]. Anchorage: IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, 2001,3: 1655-1663.
[19] Niculescu D, Nath B.DV based positioning in ad hoc networks [J]. Journal of Telecommunication Systems, 2003, 22(1/4): 267-280.
[20] Savvides C,Rabay J, Langendoen K. Robust positioning algorithms for distributed ad-hoc wireless sensor networks[A]: Ellis CS, ed.Proc of the USENIX Technical Annual Conf[C]. Monterey: USENIX press, 2002: 317-327.
[21] Meguerdichian S, Slijepcevic S, Karayan V, Potkonjak M. Localized algorithms in wireless ad-hoc networks: Location discovery and sensor exposure[A]: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc networking &Computing[C], 2001: 106-116.
[22] Hightower J, Boriello G. Location Systems for Ubiquitous Computing [M]. Computer, 2001, 34(8): 57-66.
[23] Want R, Hopper A, Falcao V, Gibbons J. The Active Badge Location System [J]. ACM Trans. on Information Systems, 1992, 10(1: 91-102.
[24] D.Niculescu and B.Nath. Ad hoc Positioning System(APS)[C]. GLOBECOM, San Antonio: November 2001: 2926—2931.
[25] Dmitri Perkins and Ramesh Turnati. Reducing Localization Errors in Sensor Ad Hoc Networks[C]. IEEE Intemational Conference on Performance Computing and Communications, Atlanta: 2004: 723-729.
[26] Bulusu N. Estrin D, Heidemann J. Tradeoffs in location support systems: The case for quality-expressive location models for applications[C]. Proc. of the Ubicomp 2001 Workshop on Location Modeling for Applications, Atlanta, 2001: 7-12.
[27] C.Savarese, K.Langendoen, and J.Rabaey. Robust positioning algorithms for distributed ad-hoc wireless sensor networks. In USENIX Technical Annual Conference, pages 317-328, Monterey, CA, 2002.
[28]史龙,王福豹等.无线传感器网络range-free自身定位机制预算法.计算机工程与应用, 2004(23): 127-130, 2004.
[29]张贤达.现代信号处理.清华大学出版社[M],2002: 40-42.
[30] Hu L, Evans D. Localization for Mobile sensor Networks[C]. Proceedings of the 10th Annum International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking. 2004: 45-47.
[31] Aline Baggio, Koen Langendoen. Monte Carlo Localization for Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks [J]. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2006, 4325(11): 317-328.
[32] Dil B, Dulman S, Havinga P J M. Range Based Localization in Mobile Sensor Networks[J]. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2006, 3868(2): 164—179.
[33] Rudafshani M, Datta S. Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks[C]. Proc of the 6th International Symposium on Information Processing in Sensor Networks. Massachusetts, 2007, 51-60.
[34] Shi W R, Xu L, Xu Y S. Localization algorithm with mobile anchor in static wireless sensor network[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument. 2007, 28(3):385-293.
[35] Parhirana P N, Bulusu N. Node localization using mobile robots in delay-tolerant sensor networks[J]. IEEE Transactions on mobile Computing. 2005, 4(3): 285-296.
[36]孙燕.无线传感器网络管理与节点定位技术的研究[D].西安电子科技大学, 2010.01.