基于ZigBee技术的矿井安全及应急响应系统
摘要
近年来,由于煤炭行业的飞速发展以及煤矿生产事故的不断发生,国家对煤矿安全生产的重视已达到前所未有的高度。迫切需要一套实时对井下环境监控、工作人员跟踪定位并且在危险时刻做出应急响应的系统。由于ZigBee技术具有低功耗、低成本、应用简单等特点,其在短距离无线控制、监测、数据传输等领域有着显著的优势。因而,运用ZigBee网络技术实现井下安全监控已成为一个广受关注的研究方向。
本文深入研究了ZigBee无线通信技术和无线定位技术,分析了井下工作环境、矿道结构、电磁干扰等问题,得出了ZigBee应用于井下安全监控系统的可行性和技术优势。针对井下特殊的工作环境以及实际工程需要,系统采用ZigBee无线网络与485通信网络相结合的方式构建数据通信平台,使用基于RSSI测距简化的三边定位技术作为井下人员跟踪定位的设计方案,并以体温监测作为井下生命监控的依据。该系统可实现对整个井下工作区域进行实时监控。
本文依据本质安全型防爆技术,详细描述了硬件设备的电路设计,包括基于CC2430的ZigBee模块、网关节点、移动节点、485总线接口、甲烷传感器、体温传感器的电路设计。在此基础上,还介绍了基于Z-Stack协议栈的嵌入式软件设计,和基于LabVIEW语言的PC机演示程序设计。
通过对底层监控电路、系统主要功能和系统整体网络的大量测试,验证了该系统网络通信正常,能实现准确的人员定位和实时的井下环境监控;在发生矿难时,能模拟出井下现场整体信息。从而证实了该方案的可行性,完全满足工程要求。
As a result of swift development of coal profession and of the unceasing occurrence of industrial accidents in coal mine production resent years, the country began to take much count of the coal mine safety production, badly needed for a system for real-time monitoring the underground environment, tracking the localization of staff and making emergency response in the case of danger. With the characteristics of low power loss, low cost and simple application, ZigBee Technology has remarkable superiority in the fields of short-distance wireless control, monitoring, and data transmission. Therefore, the study on the underground safety monitoring using ZigBee networking technology becomes a widely-noted research direction.
This article deeply researched on ZigBee wireless communication technology and ZigBee wireless localization technology, analyzed the problems of underground working conditions, mine tunnel structure, electromagnetic interference and etc, and then came to a conclusion that ZigBee technology had feasibility and technical superiority when applied in the underground safety monitoring system. On account of the special underground working conditions as well as actual requirement, the system builded the data communication platform using ZigBee wireless network combined with 485 bus network, took trilateral localization technology simplified by RSSI as the design scheme for tracking and localization of underground staff. The underground life monitoring system was judged by the body temperature information of stuff. This system was used to realize the real time monitoring of the entire underground working zone.
According to the intrinsically safe explosion-proof technology, the dissertation detailed the circuit design, including ZigBee module based on CC2430, gateway node, mobile node, 485 bus interface, methane sensor, body temperature sensor. On this basis, the paper also introduced embedded software design based on the Z-Stack agreement stack, and PC machine demonstration program design by LabVIEW language.
Through extensive tests on bottom monitoring circuit, the system main function and integrated network to verify the system network communications, the personnel to achieve accurate positioning and real-time environmental monitoring underground. The system could be reliably simulated the final scene of the underground when the accidents happened. Therefore, it confirmed the feasibility of the design scheme proposed in this paper, completely satisfied the system requirements.
本文深入研究了ZigBee无线通信技术和无线定位技术,分析了井下工作环境、矿道结构、电磁干扰等问题,得出了ZigBee应用于井下安全监控系统的可行性和技术优势。针对井下特殊的工作环境以及实际工程需要,系统采用ZigBee无线网络与485通信网络相结合的方式构建数据通信平台,使用基于RSSI测距简化的三边定位技术作为井下人员跟踪定位的设计方案,并以体温监测作为井下生命监控的依据。该系统可实现对整个井下工作区域进行实时监控。
本文依据本质安全型防爆技术,详细描述了硬件设备的电路设计,包括基于CC2430的ZigBee模块、网关节点、移动节点、485总线接口、甲烷传感器、体温传感器的电路设计。在此基础上,还介绍了基于Z-Stack协议栈的嵌入式软件设计,和基于LabVIEW语言的PC机演示程序设计。
通过对底层监控电路、系统主要功能和系统整体网络的大量测试,验证了该系统网络通信正常,能实现准确的人员定位和实时的井下环境监控;在发生矿难时,能模拟出井下现场整体信息。从而证实了该方案的可行性,完全满足工程要求。
As a result of swift development of coal profession and of the unceasing occurrence of industrial accidents in coal mine production resent years, the country began to take much count of the coal mine safety production, badly needed for a system for real-time monitoring the underground environment, tracking the localization of staff and making emergency response in the case of danger. With the characteristics of low power loss, low cost and simple application, ZigBee Technology has remarkable superiority in the fields of short-distance wireless control, monitoring, and data transmission. Therefore, the study on the underground safety monitoring using ZigBee networking technology becomes a widely-noted research direction.
This article deeply researched on ZigBee wireless communication technology and ZigBee wireless localization technology, analyzed the problems of underground working conditions, mine tunnel structure, electromagnetic interference and etc, and then came to a conclusion that ZigBee technology had feasibility and technical superiority when applied in the underground safety monitoring system. On account of the special underground working conditions as well as actual requirement, the system builded the data communication platform using ZigBee wireless network combined with 485 bus network, took trilateral localization technology simplified by RSSI as the design scheme for tracking and localization of underground staff. The underground life monitoring system was judged by the body temperature information of stuff. This system was used to realize the real time monitoring of the entire underground working zone.
According to the intrinsically safe explosion-proof technology, the dissertation detailed the circuit design, including ZigBee module based on CC2430, gateway node, mobile node, 485 bus interface, methane sensor, body temperature sensor. On this basis, the paper also introduced embedded software design based on the Z-Stack agreement stack, and PC machine demonstration program design by LabVIEW language.
Through extensive tests on bottom monitoring circuit, the system main function and integrated network to verify the system network communications, the personnel to achieve accurate positioning and real-time environmental monitoring underground. The system could be reliably simulated the final scene of the underground when the accidents happened. Therefore, it confirmed the feasibility of the design scheme proposed in this paper, completely satisfied the system requirements.
引文
1朱勇.井下定位系统数据采集与处理的设计与实现.大连理工大学, 2008
2国家发改委.煤炭工业“十一五”发展规划. http://www.sdpc.gov.cn, 2007
3陈宇.无线传感器网络在煤矿井下人员定位系统中的应用研究.辽宁工程技术大学, 2008
4李宏宇.井下人员定位系统.山东科技大学, 2004
5张瑞峰. RFID技术在煤矿安全生产管理中的应用.山西煤炭, 2004, 30(12):56~58
6韩丽娜.基于ZigBee的矿井人员管理系统设计.同济大学, 2007
7王立波,陈慈发. CC2431的室内定位系统设计[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用, 2008, 9(13):58~63
8康琳.基于ZigBee技术的矿井无线定位系统设计.太原科技大学, 2008
9岳福斌,崔涛,李豪峰.中国煤炭工业发展报告(2006~2010).社会科学文献出版社, 2008
10 Tilak S, Abu-ghazaleh N B, Heinzelman W. A taxonomy of wireless micro-sensor network models. ACM Mobile Computing and Communication Review, 2002, 1(2):1~8
11于宏毅,李鸥,张效义.无线传感器网络理论技术与实现.国防工业出版社, 2008, 4~337
12 ZigBee Technology: Wireless Control that Simply Works. http://www.zigbee.org
13 Josef Hallbers, Marcus Nilsson:“Poisoning with Bluctooth, IrDA and RFID”
14 D.cullar, D.Estrin, M.Strvastava. Overview of sensor network. Computer, 2004, 37 (8):42~48
15 Aspnes J, Eren T, Goldenberq D K at al. A Theory of Network Loealization. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 2006, 5(12):1663~1678
16吴瑟,韩洋.无线传感器质心定位算法的研究与改进.科技情报开发与经济, 2009
17 Dragos Niculescu, Badri Nath. Ad Hoc Postioning Sytem(APS)using AOA. Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Joint Conterence of CA. IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, 2003
18陈维克,李文峰,首珩等.基于RSSI的无线传感器网络加权质心定位算法[J].武汉理工大学学报, 2006, 30(2):265~268
19 SuganoM, Kawazoe T, Ohta Yetal. Indoor loealization system using RSSI measurement of wirelesss ensor network based on ZigBee standard. IASTED International Conferenee, Banff, 2006
20 P Bahl, VN Padmanabhan, RADAR: An in-building RF-based user location and tracking system, In: Proc of INFOCOM'2000, Tel Aviv, Israel, 2000
21 Akylidiz I F, Su W, Sankarasubramaniam Y, etal. A survey on sensor networks[J]. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2002, 40(8):102~114
22 Bob Heile. Wireless Sensors and Control Networks: Enabling New Opportunities [EB/OL], 2005
23 Jason L.Hill, David E. Culler“MICA:A Wireless Platform for DeePly Embedded Networks”IEEE Micro November-December, 2002
24射频识别技术. http://baike.baidu.eom/view/764345.htm
25任丽荣,肖军.基于TOA的无线传感器网络自定位技术的研究.信息与控制, 2006, 35(2):280~283
26陈鸿龙,李鸿斌,王智.基于TDOA测距的传感器网络安全定位研究.通信学报, 2008, 29(8):11~21
27 Niculeseu D, Nath B. Position and Orientation in Ad Hoc Networks. Ad HocNetworks, 2004, 2(2):133-151
28吴志羲,汪景武等.煤矿矿井采矿设计手册[M].煤炭工业出版社, 1986
29胡彧. Kj13矿井监控系统软件的设计与实现[J].电脑开发与应用, 2006, 14(5): 7~9
30赵全福,顾永辉.煤矿安全手册:电气安全技术.煤炭工业出版社, 1992
31标准起草小组. GB3836.4-2000爆炸性环境用电气设备(1)通用技术要求.北京:国家标准总局出版社, 2000
32标准起草小组. GB3836.4-2000爆炸性环境用电气设备(2)隔爆型“d”.国家标准总局出版社, 2000
33标准起草小组. GB3836.4-2000爆炸性环境用电气设备(4)本质安全型“i”.国家标准总局出版社, 2000
34马钢.基于zigBee的井下人员跟踪定位系统设计与实现.大连理工大学, 2008
35陈向东.矿用本质安全电源.煤炭科学技术, 1997
36孟庆海,牟龙华,何学秋.电感性本质安全电路动态伏安特性参数的确定.中国矿业大学学报, 2001, Vol(3):51~53.
37商立群.安全火花电路的放电形式和电感电路放电时间的测量.煤矿安全, 2004
38 TI Inc. CC2430A True system-on-Chip solution for 2.4 GHz IEEE802.15.4/ ZigBee. http://www.ti.com, 2008
39王秀梅,刘乃安.利用2.4GHz射频芯片CC2420实现zigbee无线通信设计.国外电子元器件, 2005(3):60
40 Wartinelli R U. Near-infrared InGaAs/InP distributed~feedback lasers for spectroscopic applications[J]. Proc. SPIE, 1994 ,2148:292~307
41 Chan K, Ito H, Inaba H. 10km~long fibre~optic remote sensing of CH4 gas by near infrared absorption[J]. Appl. Phys, 1985, B38:11~15
42 W. Jin, Y. Z. Xu, M. S. Demokan. Investigation of Interferometric Noise in Fiber-optic Gas Sensors with Use of Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy. Applied Optics, 1997, 36(28):7239~7246
43 Quinn T J . Temperature [M] . Academic Press Inc, 1983,231~235
44张存礼,周乐挺.传感器原理与应用[M].北京师范大学出版社, 2005:
45马骏.基于ZigBee技术的嵌入式监控系统设计与实现.电子科技大学, 2009
46 Rick Bitter, Taqi Mohiuddin, Matt Nawrocki. LABVIEW ADVANCED PROGRAMMING TECHINIQUES. 2001 CRC Press LLC
47 2005~2006 National Instruments Corporation. LabVIEWTM Help. 371361B-01, 2006
48杨乐平, LabVIEW程序设计与应用.电子工业出版社, 2001
2国家发改委.煤炭工业“十一五”发展规划. http://www.sdpc.gov.cn, 2007
3陈宇.无线传感器网络在煤矿井下人员定位系统中的应用研究.辽宁工程技术大学, 2008
4李宏宇.井下人员定位系统.山东科技大学, 2004
5张瑞峰. RFID技术在煤矿安全生产管理中的应用.山西煤炭, 2004, 30(12):56~58
6韩丽娜.基于ZigBee的矿井人员管理系统设计.同济大学, 2007
7王立波,陈慈发. CC2431的室内定位系统设计[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用, 2008, 9(13):58~63
8康琳.基于ZigBee技术的矿井无线定位系统设计.太原科技大学, 2008
9岳福斌,崔涛,李豪峰.中国煤炭工业发展报告(2006~2010).社会科学文献出版社, 2008
10 Tilak S, Abu-ghazaleh N B, Heinzelman W. A taxonomy of wireless micro-sensor network models. ACM Mobile Computing and Communication Review, 2002, 1(2):1~8
11于宏毅,李鸥,张效义.无线传感器网络理论技术与实现.国防工业出版社, 2008, 4~337
12 ZigBee Technology: Wireless Control that Simply Works. http://www.zigbee.org
13 Josef Hallbers, Marcus Nilsson:“Poisoning with Bluctooth, IrDA and RFID”
14 D.cullar, D.Estrin, M.Strvastava. Overview of sensor network. Computer, 2004, 37 (8):42~48
15 Aspnes J, Eren T, Goldenberq D K at al. A Theory of Network Loealization. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 2006, 5(12):1663~1678
16吴瑟,韩洋.无线传感器质心定位算法的研究与改进.科技情报开发与经济, 2009
17 Dragos Niculescu, Badri Nath. Ad Hoc Postioning Sytem(APS)using AOA. Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Joint Conterence of CA. IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, 2003
18陈维克,李文峰,首珩等.基于RSSI的无线传感器网络加权质心定位算法[J].武汉理工大学学报, 2006, 30(2):265~268
19 SuganoM, Kawazoe T, Ohta Yetal. Indoor loealization system using RSSI measurement of wirelesss ensor network based on ZigBee standard. IASTED International Conferenee, Banff, 2006
20 P Bahl, VN Padmanabhan, RADAR: An in-building RF-based user location and tracking system, In: Proc of INFOCOM'2000, Tel Aviv, Israel, 2000
21 Akylidiz I F, Su W, Sankarasubramaniam Y, etal. A survey on sensor networks[J]. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2002, 40(8):102~114
22 Bob Heile. Wireless Sensors and Control Networks: Enabling New Opportunities [EB/OL], 2005
23 Jason L.Hill, David E. Culler“MICA:A Wireless Platform for DeePly Embedded Networks”IEEE Micro November-December, 2002
24射频识别技术. http://baike.baidu.eom/view/764345.htm
25任丽荣,肖军.基于TOA的无线传感器网络自定位技术的研究.信息与控制, 2006, 35(2):280~283
26陈鸿龙,李鸿斌,王智.基于TDOA测距的传感器网络安全定位研究.通信学报, 2008, 29(8):11~21
27 Niculeseu D, Nath B. Position and Orientation in Ad Hoc Networks. Ad HocNetworks, 2004, 2(2):133-151
28吴志羲,汪景武等.煤矿矿井采矿设计手册[M].煤炭工业出版社, 1986
29胡彧. Kj13矿井监控系统软件的设计与实现[J].电脑开发与应用, 2006, 14(5): 7~9
30赵全福,顾永辉.煤矿安全手册:电气安全技术.煤炭工业出版社, 1992
31标准起草小组. GB3836.4-2000爆炸性环境用电气设备(1)通用技术要求.北京:国家标准总局出版社, 2000
32标准起草小组. GB3836.4-2000爆炸性环境用电气设备(2)隔爆型“d”.国家标准总局出版社, 2000
33标准起草小组. GB3836.4-2000爆炸性环境用电气设备(4)本质安全型“i”.国家标准总局出版社, 2000
34马钢.基于zigBee的井下人员跟踪定位系统设计与实现.大连理工大学, 2008
35陈向东.矿用本质安全电源.煤炭科学技术, 1997
36孟庆海,牟龙华,何学秋.电感性本质安全电路动态伏安特性参数的确定.中国矿业大学学报, 2001, Vol(3):51~53.
37商立群.安全火花电路的放电形式和电感电路放电时间的测量.煤矿安全, 2004
38 TI Inc. CC2430A True system-on-Chip solution for 2.4 GHz IEEE802.15.4/ ZigBee. http://www.ti.com, 2008
39王秀梅,刘乃安.利用2.4GHz射频芯片CC2420实现zigbee无线通信设计.国外电子元器件, 2005(3):60
40 Wartinelli R U. Near-infrared InGaAs/InP distributed~feedback lasers for spectroscopic applications[J]. Proc. SPIE, 1994 ,2148:292~307
41 Chan K, Ito H, Inaba H. 10km~long fibre~optic remote sensing of CH4 gas by near infrared absorption[J]. Appl. Phys, 1985, B38:11~15
42 W. Jin, Y. Z. Xu, M. S. Demokan. Investigation of Interferometric Noise in Fiber-optic Gas Sensors with Use of Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy. Applied Optics, 1997, 36(28):7239~7246
43 Quinn T J . Temperature [M] . Academic Press Inc, 1983,231~235
44张存礼,周乐挺.传感器原理与应用[M].北京师范大学出版社, 2005:
45马骏.基于ZigBee技术的嵌入式监控系统设计与实现.电子科技大学, 2009
46 Rick Bitter, Taqi Mohiuddin, Matt Nawrocki. LABVIEW ADVANCED PROGRAMMING TECHINIQUES. 2001 CRC Press LLC
47 2005~2006 National Instruments Corporation. LabVIEWTM Help. 371361B-01, 2006
48杨乐平, LabVIEW程序设计与应用.电子工业出版社, 2001