C80高强混凝土动载损伤试验及振动锤沉桩参数研究
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摘要
PHC桩作为一种基桩,近年来在我国得到越来越广泛的使用。在使用液压振动锤对PHC桩进行振动沉桩过程中,现有的沉桩参数调节理论将PHC桩视为绝对刚体,并未考虑PHC桩在沉桩过程中桩身因沉桩应力过大而导致损伤的问题,而实际工程中常出现因桩身损伤而导致PHC桩的承载力达不到设计要求的情况。针对于这一问题,本文结合相关理论,进行了如下几方面的研究：
首先从PHC桩的发展、结构及制作、桩身高强混凝土材料的损伤研究现状两方面进行了综述和研究,指出了目前沉桩参数调节理论的不足,并得出了基于试验的研究思路、研究内容。
分析了分形理论应用于高强混凝土损伤演化研究的可行性,并利用Matlab设计了基于数字图像盒维数计算理论的算法程序用于求解高强混凝土损伤演化过程中裂纹的分形维数。
按照PHC桩的生产工艺制备并制作了用于试验研究的C80高强混凝土试样,利用材料试验机及霍普金森压杆(SHPB)试验装置对试样进行了静态压缩试验、冲击载荷作用下的应变率强化效应试验以及动载损伤演化试验,并对试验结果利用分形理论进行了详细的研究。得出了试样的应变率-动载极限抗压强度、分维值-最大应力之间的定量关系。
最后,本文对现有沉桩参数研究的具体内容进行了详细研究,分析了振动沉桩阻力,求得其临界贯入条件；建立了振动沉桩系统的单自由度动力学模型,并运用MATLAB进行了仿真,明确了激振频率及激振力对振动沉桩的影响；在此基础上引入本文试验研究的成果,建立了基于PHC桩身损伤研究的液压振动锤参数调节理论,并制作了一套具备可操作性的参数调节计算表。
通过本文对PHC桩身高强混凝土的动载损伤试验研究,所建立的参数调节理论是对现有参数调节理论的一种补充,对控制沉桩过程中PHC桩桩身损伤的发生具有一定的理论指导意义和实用价值。
PHC piles (abbreviation of pre-stressed high strength concrete piles) have been used more and more widely in China in recent years as one kind of foundation piles. But when applying hydraulic vibration hammer to PHC pile driving, the existing pile driving parameter regulation theory regards the piles as absolutely rigid body and no damage brought by the excessive stress was considered. As a result, practical applications often didn't meet the design requirements for piles'damage. Targeted at this problem, this paper carried out the following researches based on relative theories:
First, the development, the structure and the production of PHC piles and the status of research on damage of high strength concrete were studied and reviewed. The short of current pile driving parameter regulation theory was pointed out. Then the research ideas and contents based on experiment were proposed.
The feasibility of fractal theory applied to analysis damage evolution of high-strength concrete was studied. And an algorithm program in Matlab based on digital image dimension theory that could solve the fraction dimension in crack evolution process of high-strength concrete was designed.
The C80 high-strength concrete specimens were prepared according to the production process of PHC piles. The material testing machine was applied to test their quasi-static compression. And the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test equipment was applied to test their strain rate strengthening under impact loading and dynamic damage evolution. Then the results were studied in detail using the fractal theory. The quantitative relation between strain rate and ultimate dynamic compressive strength and the relation between dimension value and maximum stress were got.
Finally, the specific contents of existing parameter of pile driving were studied in details. A mechanical model of pile vibration system was created and the critical portable conditions were got. Then the experimental results were imported into this model. A parameter regulation theory of hydraulic vibration hammer based on damage studies of PHC piles was established. Also a maneuverable mathematical table was made.
The parameter regulation theory established in this paper based on high strength concrete dynamic damage of PHC piles was a complement to the existing parameter regulation theory. It has some significance to prevent damage of PHC piles when driving in theory guiding and practical application.
首先从PHC桩的发展、结构及制作、桩身高强混凝土材料的损伤研究现状两方面进行了综述和研究,指出了目前沉桩参数调节理论的不足,并得出了基于试验的研究思路、研究内容。
分析了分形理论应用于高强混凝土损伤演化研究的可行性,并利用Matlab设计了基于数字图像盒维数计算理论的算法程序用于求解高强混凝土损伤演化过程中裂纹的分形维数。
按照PHC桩的生产工艺制备并制作了用于试验研究的C80高强混凝土试样,利用材料试验机及霍普金森压杆(SHPB)试验装置对试样进行了静态压缩试验、冲击载荷作用下的应变率强化效应试验以及动载损伤演化试验,并对试验结果利用分形理论进行了详细的研究。得出了试样的应变率-动载极限抗压强度、分维值-最大应力之间的定量关系。
最后,本文对现有沉桩参数研究的具体内容进行了详细研究,分析了振动沉桩阻力,求得其临界贯入条件；建立了振动沉桩系统的单自由度动力学模型,并运用MATLAB进行了仿真,明确了激振频率及激振力对振动沉桩的影响；在此基础上引入本文试验研究的成果,建立了基于PHC桩身损伤研究的液压振动锤参数调节理论,并制作了一套具备可操作性的参数调节计算表。
通过本文对PHC桩身高强混凝土的动载损伤试验研究,所建立的参数调节理论是对现有参数调节理论的一种补充,对控制沉桩过程中PHC桩桩身损伤的发生具有一定的理论指导意义和实用价值。
PHC piles (abbreviation of pre-stressed high strength concrete piles) have been used more and more widely in China in recent years as one kind of foundation piles. But when applying hydraulic vibration hammer to PHC pile driving, the existing pile driving parameter regulation theory regards the piles as absolutely rigid body and no damage brought by the excessive stress was considered. As a result, practical applications often didn't meet the design requirements for piles'damage. Targeted at this problem, this paper carried out the following researches based on relative theories:
First, the development, the structure and the production of PHC piles and the status of research on damage of high strength concrete were studied and reviewed. The short of current pile driving parameter regulation theory was pointed out. Then the research ideas and contents based on experiment were proposed.
The feasibility of fractal theory applied to analysis damage evolution of high-strength concrete was studied. And an algorithm program in Matlab based on digital image dimension theory that could solve the fraction dimension in crack evolution process of high-strength concrete was designed.
The C80 high-strength concrete specimens were prepared according to the production process of PHC piles. The material testing machine was applied to test their quasi-static compression. And the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test equipment was applied to test their strain rate strengthening under impact loading and dynamic damage evolution. Then the results were studied in detail using the fractal theory. The quantitative relation between strain rate and ultimate dynamic compressive strength and the relation between dimension value and maximum stress were got.
Finally, the specific contents of existing parameter of pile driving were studied in details. A mechanical model of pile vibration system was created and the critical portable conditions were got. Then the experimental results were imported into this model. A parameter regulation theory of hydraulic vibration hammer based on damage studies of PHC piles was established. Also a maneuverable mathematical table was made.
The parameter regulation theory established in this paper based on high strength concrete dynamic damage of PHC piles was a complement to the existing parameter regulation theory. It has some significance to prevent damage of PHC piles when driving in theory guiding and practical application.
引文
[1]《先张法预应力混凝土管桩GB13476-2009》 [S].中国国家标准化管理委员会,2010
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[2]BEN C. GERWICK, JR. Construction of Prestressed Concrete Structures. JOHN WILEY&SONS, INC.1999
[3]聂重军.预应力混凝土管桩成套技术研究[D]：[硕士学位论文].武汉：华中科技大学.2004
[4]www.baidu.com
[5]过镇海.混凝土的强度和变形.试验基础和本构关系[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1997
[6]郭少华.混凝土破坏理论研究进展[J].力学进展,1993,23(4)：520～529
[7]Carpinteri, A. Ingraffea, A.T.著,杨煜惠译.混凝土断裂力学.材料特性与试验[M].长沙：湖南大学出版社,1988
[8]肖诗云,林皋,王哲等.应变率对混凝土抗拉特性的研究[J].大连理工大学学报,2001,41(6)：721～725
[9]朱兆祥,徐大本,王礼立.环氧树脂在高应变率下的热粘弹性本构方程和时稳等效性[J].宁波理工大学学报,1988,1：58～68
[10]Bazant Z P. Byung H. Stain-rate effect in rapid triaxial loading of concrete[J]. ACI Materials Journal,1982,180:764～782
[11]Izzuddin B A, F Q. Rate-senitive analysis of framed structures[J]. Part 1: Model formulation and verification. Structural Engineering&Mechanics,1997, 2:221～239
[12]Malvern L E. The propagation of longitudinal waves of plastic deformation in bar of material exhibiting a strain-rate effect[J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics, ASME,1951,18:203～208
[13]Perzyna f. Fundamental problems in viscoplasticity[J]. Advances in Applied Mechanics,1966,9:243～377
[14]Bicanic,N., Zienckiewicz,O.C. Constitutive model for concrete under dynamic loading[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1983,11:689～711
[15]Wang W. Stationary and propagative instabilities in meatls a computational point of view[PHD]. TU Delft, Netherlands,1997
[16]Scott,B.D., Park.R, Priestley,M.J.N. Stress-strain behavior of concrete confned by overlapping hoops at low and high strain rates[J].ACI Journal,1982, 10:13～27
[17]Dilger,W.H., Koch,R., Kowalczyk,R. Ductility of plain and confined concrete under different strain rates[J]. ACI Journal,1984,1:73～81
[18]Soroushian P., Ki-Bong Choi, Abdulaziz Alhamad. Dynamic constitutive behavior of concrete[J]. ACI Journal,1986,26:251～259
[19]PoPovics,S.A Nnumerical approach to the complete stress-strain cures for concrete[J]. Cement and concrete research,1973,5:583～589
[20]Mander J.B., Priestley M.J.N., Park R. Theoretical stress-strain model of confined concrete[J]. Journal of Structure Engineering, ASCE,1988, 8:1804～1826
[21]余天庆,钱济成.损伤理论及应用[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1993
[22]尹双增.断裂·损伤理论及应用[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1992
[23]逯静洲.三轴受压混凝土损伤特性理论与试验研究[D]：[博士学位论文].大连：大连理工大学,2001.10
[24]李庆斌,张楚汉,王光纶.单轴状态下混凝土的考虑损伤的动态本构模型[J].水利学报,1994,12：55～60
[25]Jean-Francois Duke,Gilles P.C.,Christian L.B.. Rate dependent damage model for concrete in dynamics[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1996,10: 939～947
[26]Cervera,M., Oliver,J., Manzoli,O. A rate-dependent isotropic damage model for the seismic analysis of concrete dams[J]. Earthquake Enginnering Mechanics, 1996,10:939～947
[27]Eibl,J., Schmidt-Hurtienne,B.Strain-rate-sensitive constitutive law for aconcrete[J]. Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1999,12:1411～1420
[28]Bresler B, Pister KS. Strength of concrete under combined stress[J]. Journal of ACI, Sept,1958,321～346
[29]Willan KJ, Warnke EP. Constitutive models for the triaxial behavior of concrete[J]. IABSE Proceeding,1975,19:1～30
[30]Ottosen NS. A failure criterion for concrete[J]. ASCE,1997,103(EM4): 527～535
[31]Hsieh SS, Ting E, Chen WF. An elastic-fracture model for concrete[J]. Proceeding of 3rd Engineering Mechanics Div.Special conference ASCE,1979, 437～440
[32]Kotsovos MD. A mathematical description of the strength properties of concrete under generalized stress[J]. Magazine of concrete research,1979,31:151～158
[33]Podgorski J. General failure criterion for isotropic media[J]. Proceeding of ASCE,1985,111(EM2):188～201
[34]Mandelbrot BB. Fractal:Form,Chance and Dimension[M]. San Francisco: Freeman,1977
[35]Mandelbrot BB. The Fractal Geometry of Nature[M]. New York:W.H.Freeman, 1982
[36]易成,沈世钊.分形理论在工程材料疲劳、断裂性能研究中的应用[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2005,32(5)：11～15
[37]谢和平,陈至达.分形几何与岩石断裂[J].力学学报,1988,20(3)：264～271
[38]谢和平.脆性材料裂纹扩展的分形运动学[J].力学学报,1994,26(6)：757～761
[39]谢和平.脆性材料中的分形损伤[J].机械强度,1995,17(2)：75～82
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