鱼骨型分支井轨道优化设计研究
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摘要
鱼骨型分支井以其典型的技术优势引起了世界石油工业的广泛关注,而轨道设计是钻分支井前钻井工程的首要关键环节,因此开展分支井轨道优化设计研究对于分支井钻井技术具有重要意义。
本文在调研国内外分支井技术研究成果的基础上,结合胜利油田已钻的鱼骨型分支井的情况,采用理论分析和数值模拟相结合的方法,针对鱼骨型分支井轨道优化设计展开研究。从鱼骨型分支井的轨道类型及其油藏适应性分析入手,分析总计了分支井轨道设计的油藏地质因素,归纳出分支井轨道设计的原则、方法和步骤。从产能和工具的工艺实现上,对分支井形态参数分支长度、分支夹角、分支数目、分支间距进行优化,得到了不同形态参数对鱼骨型分支井产量影响的规律;应用COMPASS软件对分支角度,分支长度和分支弯曲度,工具造斜率进行分析研究。针对鱼骨型分支井的三维特性,提出了分支井轨道分段计算方法——空间圆弧方法,建立全井眼轨道最优化设计模型,并在轨道优化设计中引入最优化方法乘子法求解。应用有限元法分析了曲率半径和侧钻方位对连接井段井壁应力分布的影响,以及连接处破坏的程度及变化规律,研究了分支连接处的应力分布规律,结果表明连接井段井眼最稳定时的最佳分支侧钻方位应沿着最大水平主应力方向。
鱼骨型分支井轨道优化设计方法已在胜利油田Z18-ZP1井中成功应用,并取得了很好的钻采效果。
Typical well-branch technological of the Fish bone caused widespread concern in the oil industry, and the track designed of the well drilling project before the drilling is the first key. Therefore,the branch of the well to carry out research designed to optimize the track for the branch well drilling technology is of great significance.
This paper based on the the fish bone branch well of Shengli Oilfield which has been drilled, we detailed discuss the track type and reservoir adaptability of the fish bone-branch well . the design of the track need to considered reservoir geology factors and their mutual influence,summed up the fish bone-branch well design principles, methods and steps.Research the branch patterns from the capacity and tools,the shape parameters are the length of branch well, branch angle, the number of branche hole , the number of branches, the spacing of branch wells. Get the production impaction law from different parameters on the form of fish-bone branches ,I analyse the branch angle, branch length and branch bending, slope-made tools with compass software, the results for the multi-branch horizontal wells to optimize the design parameters of the form is great significance.In view of three-dimensional characteristics of fish bone branch wells, focus on the three-dimensional design and calculation methods, and sub-track design and calculation methods.The methods provide a theoretical basis for computer programs, it can be widely applied in the actual design.At the same time on the basis of the conceptual design,establishing an all-hole track of the most optimal design models and introduce optimization multiplier method to optimize the design of the hole track.For mechanical properties of fish bone branch of the hole section , research the stress distribution regular pattern of the branch connection. Using finite element analysis the radius of curvature and sidetrack position of the wall connecting the impact of stress distribution, and destructiveness and regular pattern of changes on the connection, while summed up the most stable of the hole when the best side branches along the drilling position is the greatest level of stress direction.
Well branch of fish bone-optimal design on track design has been successfully applied in the eight wells of Shengli Oilfield, and have obtained very good drilling results.
本文在调研国内外分支井技术研究成果的基础上,结合胜利油田已钻的鱼骨型分支井的情况,采用理论分析和数值模拟相结合的方法,针对鱼骨型分支井轨道优化设计展开研究。从鱼骨型分支井的轨道类型及其油藏适应性分析入手,分析总计了分支井轨道设计的油藏地质因素,归纳出分支井轨道设计的原则、方法和步骤。从产能和工具的工艺实现上,对分支井形态参数分支长度、分支夹角、分支数目、分支间距进行优化,得到了不同形态参数对鱼骨型分支井产量影响的规律;应用COMPASS软件对分支角度,分支长度和分支弯曲度,工具造斜率进行分析研究。针对鱼骨型分支井的三维特性,提出了分支井轨道分段计算方法——空间圆弧方法,建立全井眼轨道最优化设计模型,并在轨道优化设计中引入最优化方法乘子法求解。应用有限元法分析了曲率半径和侧钻方位对连接井段井壁应力分布的影响,以及连接处破坏的程度及变化规律,研究了分支连接处的应力分布规律,结果表明连接井段井眼最稳定时的最佳分支侧钻方位应沿着最大水平主应力方向。
鱼骨型分支井轨道优化设计方法已在胜利油田Z18-ZP1井中成功应用,并取得了很好的钻采效果。
Typical well-branch technological of the Fish bone caused widespread concern in the oil industry, and the track designed of the well drilling project before the drilling is the first key. Therefore,the branch of the well to carry out research designed to optimize the track for the branch well drilling technology is of great significance.
This paper based on the the fish bone branch well of Shengli Oilfield which has been drilled, we detailed discuss the track type and reservoir adaptability of the fish bone-branch well . the design of the track need to considered reservoir geology factors and their mutual influence,summed up the fish bone-branch well design principles, methods and steps.Research the branch patterns from the capacity and tools,the shape parameters are the length of branch well, branch angle, the number of branche hole , the number of branches, the spacing of branch wells. Get the production impaction law from different parameters on the form of fish-bone branches ,I analyse the branch angle, branch length and branch bending, slope-made tools with compass software, the results for the multi-branch horizontal wells to optimize the design parameters of the form is great significance.In view of three-dimensional characteristics of fish bone branch wells, focus on the three-dimensional design and calculation methods, and sub-track design and calculation methods.The methods provide a theoretical basis for computer programs, it can be widely applied in the actual design.At the same time on the basis of the conceptual design,establishing an all-hole track of the most optimal design models and introduce optimization multiplier method to optimize the design of the hole track.For mechanical properties of fish bone branch of the hole section , research the stress distribution regular pattern of the branch connection. Using finite element analysis the radius of curvature and sidetrack position of the wall connecting the impact of stress distribution, and destructiveness and regular pattern of changes on the connection, while summed up the most stable of the hole when the best side branches along the drilling position is the greatest level of stress direction.
Well branch of fish bone-optimal design on track design has been successfully applied in the eight wells of Shengli Oilfield, and have obtained very good drilling results.
引文
[1]雷唤明.水平井和多底井开发油田的前景[J].国外钻井技术.1992.7(3):12-16
[2]张众,刘坤芳,余雷.多分支井钻井完井应用技术研究[J].石油钻探技术.2001.29(6):11-13
[3] S. Rosworth.多底井技术的关键问题[J].油田新技术.1998.14-17
[4]杜明德译.分支井完井方法的比较及其应用[J].国外钻井技术.1998.15(4):56-60
[5]郑毅,黄伟和,鲜保安.国外分支井技术发展综述[J].石油钻探技术.1997.25(4):53-55
[6]赵文光.分支井工程设计原则[J].海洋石油.2002
[7]邱国虎,付建平.三维定向井轨迹优化设计[J].钻采工艺,1997
[8]狄勤丰.下部钻具组合造斜能力的影响因素分析[J].石油钻探技术.2002
[9]刘修善等.空间圆弧轨道的描述与计算[J].天然气工业,2000,20(5):44-47
[10]李枝林等.分支井连接井段井眼力学特性的有限元分析[J].天然气工业.2006.26(2):80282
[11]韩志勇.定向井设计与计算[M].北京:石油工业出版社.1989.12
[12]范子菲,方宏长,俞国凡.水平井水平段最优长度设计方法研究[J].石油学报.1997.18 (1):55-62
[13]胡月亭,周煌辉,苏义脑,等.水平井水平段长度优化设计方法[J].石油学报.2000.21 (4):81-86
[14] N.L.Wiggins.H.C.Juvkam-wold.Simplified equations for plannin directional and horizontal wells[J]. SPE 21261
[15] S.Kikuchi.2-D and 3-D well planning for horizontal wells[J]. SPE 25647
[16] R. W. Taylor.Middle East companies improve multilateral junction completions. Oil&Gas Journal[R].1998,Mar 23:70-72
[17] W.H.Mcmillian.Planning the directional well a calculation method.Pet.Tech[J].1981,33:952-962
[18] M.C.Sheppard,C.Wick,T.Burgess.Designing well paths to reduced raand torque[J]. SPE 15463
[19] Surak Yeten,eta1.Optimization of Nonconventional Well Type,Location andTrajectory[J].SPE 77565
[20] Brister,etal.The Optimum Junction Depth for Multilateral Well,SPE 64699.&Gas Journal[J].1981,Mar 24
[21]刘想平,张兆顺,崔桂香,等.鱼骨型多分支井向井流动态关系[J].石油学报.1998.19 (4):69-72
[22]耿迎春,韩来聚,王爱国,等.胜利油田CB26B-ZP1鱼骨状水平分支井钻井技术[J].石油钻探技术.2007.9
[23]范玉平,韩国庆,杨长春.鱼骨井产能预测及分支形态优化[J].石油学报.2006.27(4):101-104
[24]韩国庆,李相方,吴晓东.多分支井电模拟实验研究[J].天然气工业.2004.24(10):99-107
[25]韩国庆,吴晓东,陈昊,等.多层非均质油藏双分支井产能影响因素分析[J].石油大学学报.2004.28(4):81-85
[26] Liu Song,Li Jianping,Lv Dingyu.Succeeding with multilateral wells in complex channel sands[J]. SPE 110240,2007
[27]孙国华.三维绕障多目标定向井设计方法[J].石油钻探技术.1992.20(2):1-3
[28]阎铁,张建琼,代奎.用稳斜探油顶设计水平轨道[J].石油钻探技术.1993.21(4):4-7
[29]邱国虎,付建红.三维定向井轨迹优化设计[J].钻采工艺.1997.20(5):26-28
[30]艾池,刘修缮,王军,等.井眼轨道设计的广义方程及其应用[J].大庆石油学院学报.1998.22(4):23-26
[31] B. Guo,R. L. lee. Constant curvature method for planning a 3-D direc-tional well[J]. SPE 24381
[32] K. H. Cobbley,G. E.J agues.lvew developments in short,medium-,long-radius lateral drilling[J]. SPE 18706
[33]张众,李骥,刘坤芳,等.定向井井眼轨迹最优化设计方法研究[J].天然气工业.2000.20(1):17-19
[34] B.Lowson. Multilateral well planning[J],SPE/IADC 39245
[35] L. A. Santos,J. J. Azar. The development and field application of 3Dcomputer graphics system for displaying wellbore trajectories [J] SPE 29197
[36]王俊芳.三维多目标定向井井眼轨道优化设计[J].江汉石油大学职工学报.2005,18(6)
[37]崔红英,张建国等.绕障定向井三维轨道选择及设计方法[J].石油钻探技术. 1998.26(4)
[38]张建国,韩志勇等.绕障定向井轨道优化设计方法[J].石油钻探技术.1997.25(1)
[39]艾池,刘修善等.井眼轨道设计的广义方程及其应用[J].大庆石油学院学报. 1998,2(4)
[40]李枝林,陈平等.一种新的绕障三维定向井轨迹设计方法研究[J].钻采工艺.2004.27(1)
[41]刘修善,何树山.井眼轨迹软着陆设计模型及其应用[J].天然气工业.2002:22 (2):43-45
[42]张众,刘坤芳,曹里民.多底井井眼轨迹设计与控制理论[M].第1版.北京:石油工业出版社.2000
[43]解可新,韩立兴,林友联.最优化方法[M].第2版.天津:天津大学出版社.2002
[44]周维恒.高等岩石力学[M].北京.水力电力出版社.1988
[45]徐同台,洪培云,潘世奎.水平井钻井液与完井液[M].第一版.北京:石油工业出版社.1999
[46]王新,宋朝晖等.直井钻机钻超浅层稠油大位移水平井钻井完井技术[J].石油钻探技术.2006.1
[2]张众,刘坤芳,余雷.多分支井钻井完井应用技术研究[J].石油钻探技术.2001.29(6):11-13
[3] S. Rosworth.多底井技术的关键问题[J].油田新技术.1998.14-17
[4]杜明德译.分支井完井方法的比较及其应用[J].国外钻井技术.1998.15(4):56-60
[5]郑毅,黄伟和,鲜保安.国外分支井技术发展综述[J].石油钻探技术.1997.25(4):53-55
[6]赵文光.分支井工程设计原则[J].海洋石油.2002
[7]邱国虎,付建平.三维定向井轨迹优化设计[J].钻采工艺,1997
[8]狄勤丰.下部钻具组合造斜能力的影响因素分析[J].石油钻探技术.2002
[9]刘修善等.空间圆弧轨道的描述与计算[J].天然气工业,2000,20(5):44-47
[10]李枝林等.分支井连接井段井眼力学特性的有限元分析[J].天然气工业.2006.26(2):80282
[11]韩志勇.定向井设计与计算[M].北京:石油工业出版社.1989.12
[12]范子菲,方宏长,俞国凡.水平井水平段最优长度设计方法研究[J].石油学报.1997.18 (1):55-62
[13]胡月亭,周煌辉,苏义脑,等.水平井水平段长度优化设计方法[J].石油学报.2000.21 (4):81-86
[14] N.L.Wiggins.H.C.Juvkam-wold.Simplified equations for plannin directional and horizontal wells[J]. SPE 21261
[15] S.Kikuchi.2-D and 3-D well planning for horizontal wells[J]. SPE 25647
[16] R. W. Taylor.Middle East companies improve multilateral junction completions. Oil&Gas Journal[R].1998,Mar 23:70-72
[17] W.H.Mcmillian.Planning the directional well a calculation method.Pet.Tech[J].1981,33:952-962
[18] M.C.Sheppard,C.Wick,T.Burgess.Designing well paths to reduced raand torque[J]. SPE 15463
[19] Surak Yeten,eta1.Optimization of Nonconventional Well Type,Location andTrajectory[J].SPE 77565
[20] Brister,etal.The Optimum Junction Depth for Multilateral Well,SPE 64699.&Gas Journal[J].1981,Mar 24
[21]刘想平,张兆顺,崔桂香,等.鱼骨型多分支井向井流动态关系[J].石油学报.1998.19 (4):69-72
[22]耿迎春,韩来聚,王爱国,等.胜利油田CB26B-ZP1鱼骨状水平分支井钻井技术[J].石油钻探技术.2007.9
[23]范玉平,韩国庆,杨长春.鱼骨井产能预测及分支形态优化[J].石油学报.2006.27(4):101-104
[24]韩国庆,李相方,吴晓东.多分支井电模拟实验研究[J].天然气工业.2004.24(10):99-107
[25]韩国庆,吴晓东,陈昊,等.多层非均质油藏双分支井产能影响因素分析[J].石油大学学报.2004.28(4):81-85
[26] Liu Song,Li Jianping,Lv Dingyu.Succeeding with multilateral wells in complex channel sands[J]. SPE 110240,2007
[27]孙国华.三维绕障多目标定向井设计方法[J].石油钻探技术.1992.20(2):1-3
[28]阎铁,张建琼,代奎.用稳斜探油顶设计水平轨道[J].石油钻探技术.1993.21(4):4-7
[29]邱国虎,付建红.三维定向井轨迹优化设计[J].钻采工艺.1997.20(5):26-28
[30]艾池,刘修缮,王军,等.井眼轨道设计的广义方程及其应用[J].大庆石油学院学报.1998.22(4):23-26
[31] B. Guo,R. L. lee. Constant curvature method for planning a 3-D direc-tional well[J]. SPE 24381
[32] K. H. Cobbley,G. E.J agues.lvew developments in short,medium-,long-radius lateral drilling[J]. SPE 18706
[33]张众,李骥,刘坤芳,等.定向井井眼轨迹最优化设计方法研究[J].天然气工业.2000.20(1):17-19
[34] B.Lowson. Multilateral well planning[J],SPE/IADC 39245
[35] L. A. Santos,J. J. Azar. The development and field application of 3Dcomputer graphics system for displaying wellbore trajectories [J] SPE 29197
[36]王俊芳.三维多目标定向井井眼轨道优化设计[J].江汉石油大学职工学报.2005,18(6)
[37]崔红英,张建国等.绕障定向井三维轨道选择及设计方法[J].石油钻探技术. 1998.26(4)
[38]张建国,韩志勇等.绕障定向井轨道优化设计方法[J].石油钻探技术.1997.25(1)
[39]艾池,刘修善等.井眼轨道设计的广义方程及其应用[J].大庆石油学院学报. 1998,2(4)
[40]李枝林,陈平等.一种新的绕障三维定向井轨迹设计方法研究[J].钻采工艺.2004.27(1)
[41]刘修善,何树山.井眼轨迹软着陆设计模型及其应用[J].天然气工业.2002:22 (2):43-45
[42]张众,刘坤芳,曹里民.多底井井眼轨迹设计与控制理论[M].第1版.北京:石油工业出版社.2000
[43]解可新,韩立兴,林友联.最优化方法[M].第2版.天津:天津大学出版社.2002
[44]周维恒.高等岩石力学[M].北京.水力电力出版社.1988
[45]徐同台,洪培云,潘世奎.水平井钻井液与完井液[M].第一版.北京:石油工业出版社.1999
[46]王新,宋朝晖等.直井钻机钻超浅层稠油大位移水平井钻井完井技术[J].石油钻探技术.2006.1