开发地震在复杂断块油田开发中的应用研究
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摘要
在复杂断块油田开发中，仅仅依靠井孔资料不能满足开发需求，开发地震技术应用是关键。辽河盆地是典型裂谷型断陷盆地，断层纵横切割，断块油藏成为盆地内主要油藏类型，沉积上短物源、快速沉积，岩性横向变化大。构造和沉积的双重复杂性使开发区内部断层细化、边角部位开发及注水开发难度大。微构造、小断层的识别，薄储层的预测和潜山油藏内幕裂隙刻画成为油田开发的难点。
论文从地震反射波理论和沉积地质理论出发，以开发地震技术应用研究为主线，深化三维地震、VSP、钻井、录井、测井及生产动态等基础信息的研究，注重信息的综合性，以技术的朴素性、真实性和解决油田开发地质难点的有效性为目标。深入研究和挖掘三维地震反射波动力学特征与地层构造、沉积、岩性以及地质体内部流体的关系，细化开发区内微构造、小断层和储层分布；研究和推广VSP技术在油田开发中应用，实现开发地震地质层位精细标定和井旁微构造、小断层落实和薄储层预测；以储层岩性、电性、厚度、平面变化为基础信息深入开展沉积微相模式研究，根据地质沉积规律预测储层分布，尤其是前缘部位的薄储层分布；利用VSP横波技术开展潜山裂隙研究，刻画潜山内幕。
论文主要贡献及创新主要表现以下几个方面：
（1）论文把开发地震信息引入传统地层划分对比方法中，控制地层横向变化、产状和地层接触关系，有效解决了断陷盆地由于断层复杂，水下扇沉积储层相变快、隔层不稳定、产角陡的对比难点问题；深入分析了短物缘沉积地层，韵律性差，标志层少的地质条件下地震地质层位标定方法，提出了零偏VSP标定是开发地震有效应用的关键，有效指导了油田开发生产；
（2）提出了一套有创新性和有效性的开发地震应用技术流程和方法：①运用井震联合技术，即地震信息与井孔静态信息、生产动态信息相结合的方法，深入研究和挖掘三维地震反射波特征与地层构造、沉积、岩性以及地质体内部流体的关系，细化开发区内微构造、小断层和储层分布；②研究和推广非零VSP技术识别井旁微构造、小断层和薄储层分布，做为三维地震资料品质较差时的一种补充方法；③建立一套沉积微相模式技术方法与开发地震信息相结合预测储层分布，预测储层沉积延伸方向和砂体边界，尤其是前缘部位的薄储层分布；
（3）论文开展了非零偏VSP下行横波技术研究，预测潜山裂隙分布。利用横波在裂隙中传播分裂的特性，研究潜山裂隙的发育密度和方向。在辽河油田，首次利用VSP横波针对潜山油藏裂隙分布问题进行了研究，并见到了良好效果,为潜山油藏开发提供了指导性方法；
In exploiting the complex fault block oilfield,only depend on borehole data can’tmeet the demand of exploitation,using the exploiting seismic technology is the keypoint.LiaoHe Basin is a typical rifted basin，the fault cuts it in vertical and horiztionaldirection. The fault block reservoir is the typical in the basin. the upper source
Deposited quickly,with the wide lithology Lateral change. The double complexityof tectonism and sedimentation refine the inner fault in development area, increase thedifficulity in the corner parts development and waterflooding development.Recognizing the micro structure and small fault, forecasting the thinn reservoir,drawing the buried hill reservoir insider fissure are the difficult points.
In my thesis, beginning with Seismic reflection wave theory and the theory ofsedimentary geology, the main line is application and researchment of thedevelopment seismic technology. deepening the3D seismic、VSP、drilling、 mudlogging、 well logging，and researching the basic information on dynamic production、emphasizing Comprehensive information and simple and true technology,solvingthe geology difficulty effectiveness are my goals.deeply research and mine3Dseismic reflection wave dynamic characteristics and the formationstructure,deposition,lithology and the relationship between fluid internal geologicalbody,refine the microstructure in the development zone, the spread of the small faultand reservoir, research and extend the VSP technology in the oilfield exploitation andapplication,realize development seismic Geological horizons fine calibration andborehole micro structure, implement the small faults and forecast the reservoir.withthese basic information on the reservoir lithology, electrical, thickness, level change tocarry out the study of sedimentary microfacies model.depend on the geologicaldeposition rules to forecast the reservoir arrangement,especialy the front part of thethin reservoir.using the VSP horizontial
wave technology to resrarch buried hill fissure and draw the inner.
There are several creative points in my thesis:
(1) The paper introduced the development of seismic information into traditionalstratigraphic division and correlation method, control of lateral changes, stratigraphicoccurrence and stratigraphic contact relationship, effectively solve the fault basinbecause of complex fault, underwater fan sedimentary reservoir facies change fast,interlayer unstable, producing angle steep contrast problems; in-depth analysis of theshort physical margin sedimentary strata, prosodic difference, signs of seismic geologichorizon calibration method of geological conditions of layer less, the zero offset VSPcalibration is a key to develop effective seismic applications, effectively guide theproduction of oilfield development;
(2) proposed a set of innovative and effective development of seismic technologyprocess and method: use of well seismic technology, i.e. seismic information and wellstatic and dynamic information, combined method of production, study and tap the3Dseismic reflection characteristics with layer structure, lithology, sedimentary and thefluid of geological body, thinning zone micro structure, small fault and reservoirdistribution; the research and promotion of non-zero VSP recognition well technologyby micro structure, small fault and thin reservoir distribution, as a supplementarymethod of3D seismic data quality is poor; the establishment of a set of sedimentarymicrofacies model of technical method and development of seismic information arecombined to predict reservoir distribution, prediction of reservoir sedimentaryextending edge direction and sand body, especially the thin front parts of the layerdistribution;
(3) The paper carried out non zero offset VSP downlink wave technology research,prediction of fracture distribution in buried hill. Based on the characteristics of shearwave splitting in the crack, development density and direction of buried hill fracture.In Liaohe Oilfield, the first use of VSP wave in buried hill reservoir fracturedistribution is studied, and see the good effect, provide the instruction method forburied hill reservoir;
论文从地震反射波理论和沉积地质理论出发，以开发地震技术应用研究为主线，深化三维地震、VSP、钻井、录井、测井及生产动态等基础信息的研究，注重信息的综合性，以技术的朴素性、真实性和解决油田开发地质难点的有效性为目标。深入研究和挖掘三维地震反射波动力学特征与地层构造、沉积、岩性以及地质体内部流体的关系，细化开发区内微构造、小断层和储层分布；研究和推广VSP技术在油田开发中应用，实现开发地震地质层位精细标定和井旁微构造、小断层落实和薄储层预测；以储层岩性、电性、厚度、平面变化为基础信息深入开展沉积微相模式研究，根据地质沉积规律预测储层分布，尤其是前缘部位的薄储层分布；利用VSP横波技术开展潜山裂隙研究，刻画潜山内幕。
论文主要贡献及创新主要表现以下几个方面：
（1）论文把开发地震信息引入传统地层划分对比方法中，控制地层横向变化、产状和地层接触关系，有效解决了断陷盆地由于断层复杂，水下扇沉积储层相变快、隔层不稳定、产角陡的对比难点问题；深入分析了短物缘沉积地层，韵律性差，标志层少的地质条件下地震地质层位标定方法，提出了零偏VSP标定是开发地震有效应用的关键，有效指导了油田开发生产；
（2）提出了一套有创新性和有效性的开发地震应用技术流程和方法：①运用井震联合技术，即地震信息与井孔静态信息、生产动态信息相结合的方法，深入研究和挖掘三维地震反射波特征与地层构造、沉积、岩性以及地质体内部流体的关系，细化开发区内微构造、小断层和储层分布；②研究和推广非零VSP技术识别井旁微构造、小断层和薄储层分布，做为三维地震资料品质较差时的一种补充方法；③建立一套沉积微相模式技术方法与开发地震信息相结合预测储层分布，预测储层沉积延伸方向和砂体边界，尤其是前缘部位的薄储层分布；
（3）论文开展了非零偏VSP下行横波技术研究，预测潜山裂隙分布。利用横波在裂隙中传播分裂的特性，研究潜山裂隙的发育密度和方向。在辽河油田，首次利用VSP横波针对潜山油藏裂隙分布问题进行了研究，并见到了良好效果,为潜山油藏开发提供了指导性方法；
In exploiting the complex fault block oilfield,only depend on borehole data can’tmeet the demand of exploitation,using the exploiting seismic technology is the keypoint.LiaoHe Basin is a typical rifted basin，the fault cuts it in vertical and horiztionaldirection. The fault block reservoir is the typical in the basin. the upper source
Deposited quickly,with the wide lithology Lateral change. The double complexityof tectonism and sedimentation refine the inner fault in development area, increase thedifficulity in the corner parts development and waterflooding development.Recognizing the micro structure and small fault, forecasting the thinn reservoir,drawing the buried hill reservoir insider fissure are the difficult points.
In my thesis, beginning with Seismic reflection wave theory and the theory ofsedimentary geology, the main line is application and researchment of thedevelopment seismic technology. deepening the3D seismic、VSP、drilling、 mudlogging、 well logging，and researching the basic information on dynamic production、emphasizing Comprehensive information and simple and true technology,solvingthe geology difficulty effectiveness are my goals.deeply research and mine3Dseismic reflection wave dynamic characteristics and the formationstructure,deposition,lithology and the relationship between fluid internal geologicalbody,refine the microstructure in the development zone, the spread of the small faultand reservoir, research and extend the VSP technology in the oilfield exploitation andapplication,realize development seismic Geological horizons fine calibration andborehole micro structure, implement the small faults and forecast the reservoir.withthese basic information on the reservoir lithology, electrical, thickness, level change tocarry out the study of sedimentary microfacies model.depend on the geologicaldeposition rules to forecast the reservoir arrangement,especialy the front part of thethin reservoir.using the VSP horizontial
wave technology to resrarch buried hill fissure and draw the inner.
There are several creative points in my thesis:
(1) The paper introduced the development of seismic information into traditionalstratigraphic division and correlation method, control of lateral changes, stratigraphicoccurrence and stratigraphic contact relationship, effectively solve the fault basinbecause of complex fault, underwater fan sedimentary reservoir facies change fast,interlayer unstable, producing angle steep contrast problems; in-depth analysis of theshort physical margin sedimentary strata, prosodic difference, signs of seismic geologichorizon calibration method of geological conditions of layer less, the zero offset VSPcalibration is a key to develop effective seismic applications, effectively guide theproduction of oilfield development;
(2) proposed a set of innovative and effective development of seismic technologyprocess and method: use of well seismic technology, i.e. seismic information and wellstatic and dynamic information, combined method of production, study and tap the3Dseismic reflection characteristics with layer structure, lithology, sedimentary and thefluid of geological body, thinning zone micro structure, small fault and reservoirdistribution; the research and promotion of non-zero VSP recognition well technologyby micro structure, small fault and thin reservoir distribution, as a supplementarymethod of3D seismic data quality is poor; the establishment of a set of sedimentarymicrofacies model of technical method and development of seismic information arecombined to predict reservoir distribution, prediction of reservoir sedimentaryextending edge direction and sand body, especially the thin front parts of the layerdistribution;
(3) The paper carried out non zero offset VSP downlink wave technology research,prediction of fracture distribution in buried hill. Based on the characteristics of shearwave splitting in the crack, development density and direction of buried hill fracture.In Liaohe Oilfield, the first use of VSP wave in buried hill reservoir fracturedistribution is studied, and see the good effect, provide the instruction method forburied hill reservoir;
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