基于椭球模型的RNAV航路设计
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摘要
空中导航,就是利用导航设备引导航空器从一个位置安全、准确、准时的飞行至另外一个位置的过程。
传统航路无线电导航的主要导航源来自于陆基导航台,包括无方向性信标、甚高频全向信标和测距仪,因此,民航的空中航路一般按照地面导航台的分布,结合空域情况进行设计,飞机也按照逐台飞行的方式实施飞行。逐台飞行的方式存在束缚飞机飞行自由,难以充分发挥飞机快速的运输优势。随着全球导航卫星系统、惯性导航系统等不依赖于陆基导航台的导航设备的发展,飞机已经具备脱离地面导航台束缚,实施自由飞行的能力。飞行方式应从逐台飞行转变为以经纬度坐标定义的航路点到航路点的飞行,即逐点飞行,从而为空中交通管理提出了一项重要任务:调整传统航路结构,将航路截弯取直,逐步实现点到点直飞。
本文针对传统大圆航线计算方法的缺陷,以计算方法的精确化、航路规划软件的设计与开发为研究内容,进行了理论的探索和工程应用的研究,主要包括以下内容:
1.以基于地球旋转椭球体的大地坐标系为坐标框架,建立了地理坐标和大地坐标的相互转换以及大圆直飞航路规划的计算模型,推导了相关算法;
2.在航路规划软件功能需求分析的基础上,研究了软件开发流程,设计了相关功能界面,以VB为开发工具,实现了航路规划软件的开发;
3.以GIS软件为技术平台,对规划航路的可视化表达进行了研究,并根据可视化检查的结果,实现了规划航线和空域结构的调整。
Navigation refers to the process of which an aircraft is guided to transfer from one position to another. This kind of position transformation requires intention, safety, accuracy and effectiveness of navigation to arrive at a certain level.
Traditional navigation is, to a great extent, based on ground stations to conduct flight guidance, the disadvantages of which, however, are becoming more and more obvious with the increase of air traffic flow. Therefore, the birth of regional navigation (RNAV) seems to be extreme urgent. Unfortunately, ground-facilities-based RNAV cannot fully meet the needs of the development of civil aviation. Consequently, GPS-based RNAV, i.e. RNP, is the ideal way to realize free flight.
In this disertation, in order to improve the accuracy of great circle and develop software of airroute planning, some results are as follows:
1. Baded on earth ellipticity, the coordinates of waypoints, initial TC and distance calculating model were constructed, the formulas of calculating the initial TC and distance of a route and the latitude of waypoints were derived through spatial vector analyses with ellipsoid parameters.
2. Based on the requirments analysis, the airroute planning software was developed through function and software interface desighn.
3. Visulisation of planned airroute was studed in this thesis with GIS as technology method. The planned airroute was adjusted according to the airspace structure visualisation check.
传统航路无线电导航的主要导航源来自于陆基导航台,包括无方向性信标、甚高频全向信标和测距仪,因此,民航的空中航路一般按照地面导航台的分布,结合空域情况进行设计,飞机也按照逐台飞行的方式实施飞行。逐台飞行的方式存在束缚飞机飞行自由,难以充分发挥飞机快速的运输优势。随着全球导航卫星系统、惯性导航系统等不依赖于陆基导航台的导航设备的发展,飞机已经具备脱离地面导航台束缚,实施自由飞行的能力。飞行方式应从逐台飞行转变为以经纬度坐标定义的航路点到航路点的飞行,即逐点飞行,从而为空中交通管理提出了一项重要任务:调整传统航路结构,将航路截弯取直,逐步实现点到点直飞。
本文针对传统大圆航线计算方法的缺陷,以计算方法的精确化、航路规划软件的设计与开发为研究内容,进行了理论的探索和工程应用的研究,主要包括以下内容:
1.以基于地球旋转椭球体的大地坐标系为坐标框架,建立了地理坐标和大地坐标的相互转换以及大圆直飞航路规划的计算模型,推导了相关算法;
2.在航路规划软件功能需求分析的基础上,研究了软件开发流程,设计了相关功能界面,以VB为开发工具,实现了航路规划软件的开发;
3.以GIS软件为技术平台,对规划航路的可视化表达进行了研究,并根据可视化检查的结果,实现了规划航线和空域结构的调整。
Navigation refers to the process of which an aircraft is guided to transfer from one position to another. This kind of position transformation requires intention, safety, accuracy and effectiveness of navigation to arrive at a certain level.
Traditional navigation is, to a great extent, based on ground stations to conduct flight guidance, the disadvantages of which, however, are becoming more and more obvious with the increase of air traffic flow. Therefore, the birth of regional navigation (RNAV) seems to be extreme urgent. Unfortunately, ground-facilities-based RNAV cannot fully meet the needs of the development of civil aviation. Consequently, GPS-based RNAV, i.e. RNP, is the ideal way to realize free flight.
In this disertation, in order to improve the accuracy of great circle and develop software of airroute planning, some results are as follows:
1. Baded on earth ellipticity, the coordinates of waypoints, initial TC and distance calculating model were constructed, the formulas of calculating the initial TC and distance of a route and the latitude of waypoints were derived through spatial vector analyses with ellipsoid parameters.
2. Based on the requirments analysis, the airroute planning software was developed through function and software interface desighn.
3. Visulisation of planned airroute was studed in this thesis with GIS as technology method. The planned airroute was adjusted according to the airspace structure visualisation check.
引文
[1]胡慧玲. RNP和RNAV概念浅析[J].空中交通管理, 2007, (3): 24-25
[2]魏光兴,方学东.基于必备导航性能的区域导航及其效益分析[J].国际航空, 2005, (5): 22-24
[3]马志刚,王宏建.必备导航性能/区域导航[J].中国民航飞行学院学报, 2001, 12(2): 33-36
[4]吕小平. RNP/RNAV技术应用的效益分析[J].中国民用航空, 2008, (88): 42-44
[5]刘渡辉,帅斌,王大海,等.区域导航航路和进离场程序设计分析与仿真[J].交通运输工程与信息学报, 2006, 4(3): 123-127
[6] Nakamura D. General information on the functional and technicalaspects of required navigation performance(RNP) area navigation and applications[R]. Boeing, 2000
[7] Barker, D. R., Haltli, B.M., Laqui, C., et al. Assessment of terminal RNAV mixed equipage[C]. Digital Avionics Systems Conference, 2004
[8] Moek G, Lutz E, Mosborg W. Risk assessment of RNP10 and RVSM in the South Atlantic flight identification regions[R]. ARINC, 2001
[9]韩松臣,裴成功,隋东,等.平行区域导航航路安全性分析[J].航空学报, 2006, 27(6): 1023-1027
[10]隋东,王炜,左凌.基于DME/DME的区域导航航路导航性能评估方法[J].交通运输系统工程与信息, 2006, 6(4): 24-28
[11]张焕.空中领航学[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社, 2003: 9-10
[12]王志明.混合航线的快速计算法[J].中国航海, 2002,50(1): 37-39
[13]周其焕,陆学军. FANS航线和最短航线算法问题[J].民航经济与技术, 1997, (188): 51-55
[14]方学东,黄润秋,魏光兴.基于椭球模型的FANS航线算法[J].西南交通大学学报, 2006, 41(4): 512-516
[15]方学东.考虑地球扁率的RNAV航路规划[J].测绘科学, 2008, 33(6): 149-150
[16]魏光兴,方学东.基于RNP优化航线结构的算法研究[J].中国民航飞行学院学报, 2005, 16(5): 18-20
[17]王新龙,马闪.高空长航时无人机高精度自主定位方法[J].航空学报, 2008, 29(增刊): 39-45
[18]边少锋,柴洪州,金际航.大地坐标系与大地基准[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2005: 7-34
[19]边少锋,许江宁.计算机代数系统与大地测量数学分析[M].北京:国防工业出版社, 2004: 10-53
[20]国营黎明机械厂,北京航空学院.空间角度计算[M].北京:国防工业出版社, 1978. 96～100
[21] Hong Deben. Planning Ocean Route in the Way of Analytical Method[J]. Journal of Dalian Maritime University, 1997(4): 22～24
[22]袁信,余济祥,陈哲.导航系统[M].北京:航空工业出版社, 1993. 3
[23]中国民用航空总局.中国民航高空航线图[Z].北京, 1998, 17
[2]魏光兴,方学东.基于必备导航性能的区域导航及其效益分析[J].国际航空, 2005, (5): 22-24
[3]马志刚,王宏建.必备导航性能/区域导航[J].中国民航飞行学院学报, 2001, 12(2): 33-36
[4]吕小平. RNP/RNAV技术应用的效益分析[J].中国民用航空, 2008, (88): 42-44
[5]刘渡辉,帅斌,王大海,等.区域导航航路和进离场程序设计分析与仿真[J].交通运输工程与信息学报, 2006, 4(3): 123-127
[6] Nakamura D. General information on the functional and technicalaspects of required navigation performance(RNP) area navigation and applications[R]. Boeing, 2000
[7] Barker, D. R., Haltli, B.M., Laqui, C., et al. Assessment of terminal RNAV mixed equipage[C]. Digital Avionics Systems Conference, 2004
[8] Moek G, Lutz E, Mosborg W. Risk assessment of RNP10 and RVSM in the South Atlantic flight identification regions[R]. ARINC, 2001
[9]韩松臣,裴成功,隋东,等.平行区域导航航路安全性分析[J].航空学报, 2006, 27(6): 1023-1027
[10]隋东,王炜,左凌.基于DME/DME的区域导航航路导航性能评估方法[J].交通运输系统工程与信息, 2006, 6(4): 24-28
[11]张焕.空中领航学[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社, 2003: 9-10
[12]王志明.混合航线的快速计算法[J].中国航海, 2002,50(1): 37-39
[13]周其焕,陆学军. FANS航线和最短航线算法问题[J].民航经济与技术, 1997, (188): 51-55
[14]方学东,黄润秋,魏光兴.基于椭球模型的FANS航线算法[J].西南交通大学学报, 2006, 41(4): 512-516
[15]方学东.考虑地球扁率的RNAV航路规划[J].测绘科学, 2008, 33(6): 149-150
[16]魏光兴,方学东.基于RNP优化航线结构的算法研究[J].中国民航飞行学院学报, 2005, 16(5): 18-20
[17]王新龙,马闪.高空长航时无人机高精度自主定位方法[J].航空学报, 2008, 29(增刊): 39-45
[18]边少锋,柴洪州,金际航.大地坐标系与大地基准[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2005: 7-34
[19]边少锋,许江宁.计算机代数系统与大地测量数学分析[M].北京:国防工业出版社, 2004: 10-53
[20]国营黎明机械厂,北京航空学院.空间角度计算[M].北京:国防工业出版社, 1978. 96～100
[21] Hong Deben. Planning Ocean Route in the Way of Analytical Method[J]. Journal of Dalian Maritime University, 1997(4): 22～24
[22]袁信,余济祥,陈哲.导航系统[M].北京:航空工业出版社, 1993. 3
[23]中国民用航空总局.中国民航高空航线图[Z].北京, 1998, 17