有机酸和瘤胃素组合对SARA奶山羊瘤胃发酵和细菌的影响
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摘要
本试验研究延胡索酸二钠与瘤胃素组合在高精料日粮条件下对慢性瘤胃酸中毒状态下瘤胃发酵功能和微生物数量的影响。采用体外批次培养研究在酸中毒条件下延胡索酸二钠(A)和瘤胃素(B)添加剂组合对瘤胃微生物体外发酵的影响,预设9种组合(详见表),瘤胃液由日粮比5:5的泌乳期奶山羊提供,批次底物精粗比为8:2,检测瘤胃发酵指标pH值、产气量、NH3-N浓度。通过体外法综合四项指标比较得出最适宜的莫能菌素和延胡索酸二钠组合剂量为第4组(34mg+10g)。选取6只处于泌乳期并安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的奶山羊作为试验动物,随机分为试验组和对照组。两组动物均采用逐渐提高日粮精料的方式诱导发生SARA。试验动物处于SARA后,试验组添加组合添加剂,对照组不添加。测定瘤胃发酵指标并通过16S rRNA探针杂交定量分析法结合传统厌氧培养法分析瘤胃内细菌的变化情况。结果表明,组合添加剂能显著提高瘤胃VFA浓度(P<0.05),并能稳定高精料条件下瘤胃pH值,使乳酸杆菌和牛链球菌数量减少(P<0.05),反刍兽新月单胞菌、埃氏巨型球菌和产琥珀酸丝状杆菌的数量增加(P<0.05)。结果提示,延胡索酸二钠和瘤胃素的联合使用可以改善SARA状态下的瘤胃发酵功能,并使乳酸产生菌减少而乳酸利用菌增加。
The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of ruminal fermentation and populations of total bacteria when the goat fed with disodium fumarate and monensin on the condition of subacute rumen acidosis(SARA). The ruminal bacteria fermented in vitro adding disodium fumarate(A) and monensin(B). There were 9 types of combination (chart 1-2), rumen fluid was gathered from lactating dairy goat fed with dietary ration 5:5,the ratio of concentrate to roughage in batch was 8:2,pH, gas production, NH3-N concentration and VFA were tested during ruminal fermentation. Though analysis of MFAEI, the best dose of combination of monensin and disodium fumarate was group 4.(Monensin 34mg + Disodium fumarate).The effect adding both disodium fumarate and monensin into diets on ruminal fermentation and bacteria amounts in dairy goats suffered from subacute rumen acidosis(SARA) were studied. Six lactating goats were induced in SARA by feeding concentrate daily in gradually increasing feeding regime, then the animals were randomly divided into two groups, the animals in test group were fed the combined additives, the animals in control group were not . The The ruminal fermentation parameters and the populations of total bacteria and lactate-metabolizing bacteria in SARA period were determined by the traditional roll-tube technique and 16SrRNA oligonecleotoide probes hybridization.The pH value and TVFA concentrations increased significantly(P<0.01), the populations of Lactobacillus and S.bovis decreased significantly (P<0.05), the quantities of S.ruminantium,M.elsdeni and B.succinogenes increased(P<0.05).The ruminal fermentation function could be improved by feeding the combined additives under SARA condition.The numbers of lactic acid - utilization increased and The populations of lactic acid- production decreased.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of ruminal fermentation and populations of total bacteria when the goat fed with disodium fumarate and monensin on the condition of subacute rumen acidosis(SARA). The ruminal bacteria fermented in vitro adding disodium fumarate(A) and monensin(B). There were 9 types of combination (chart 1-2), rumen fluid was gathered from lactating dairy goat fed with dietary ration 5:5,the ratio of concentrate to roughage in batch was 8:2,pH, gas production, NH3-N concentration and VFA were tested during ruminal fermentation. Though analysis of MFAEI, the best dose of combination of monensin and disodium fumarate was group 4.(Monensin 34mg + Disodium fumarate).The effect adding both disodium fumarate and monensin into diets on ruminal fermentation and bacteria amounts in dairy goats suffered from subacute rumen acidosis(SARA) were studied. Six lactating goats were induced in SARA by feeding concentrate daily in gradually increasing feeding regime, then the animals were randomly divided into two groups, the animals in test group were fed the combined additives, the animals in control group were not . The The ruminal fermentation parameters and the populations of total bacteria and lactate-metabolizing bacteria in SARA period were determined by the traditional roll-tube technique and 16SrRNA oligonecleotoide probes hybridization.The pH value and TVFA concentrations increased significantly(P<0.01), the populations of Lactobacillus and S.bovis decreased significantly (P<0.05), the quantities of S.ruminantium,M.elsdeni and B.succinogenes increased(P<0.05).The ruminal fermentation function could be improved by feeding the combined additives under SARA condition.The numbers of lactic acid - utilization increased and The populations of lactic acid- production decreased.
引文
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27郑建华,陈振壁.甲酸钙用于仔猪生产的探讨.1994
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30 Poos, M.I.,Hanson, T.L..Monensin effects on diet digestibility,ruminal protein bypass and microbial protein synthesis[J].J Anim Sci,1979,48(6):1516-1524.
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2 Oetzel G R. Introduction to Ruminal Acidosis in Dairy Cattle. Preconvention Seminar 8:Dairy herd problem investigations. American association of bovine practitioners. 34th Annual Convention.2001, September, 11-12.
3 Owens F N, Secrist D S, Hill W J, et al. Acidosis in cattle: A review. J. Anim.Sci.,1998, 76: 275-286.
4 Martin S A.et al. Effect of sugars and malate on ruminal microorganisms[J].Dairy Sci,2000b,83:2574-2579.
5 Mccartney E. Feed hygiene and acidifiers. Feed International, 2001(2):20～22
6 Nocek J E. Bovine acidosis:Implications on laminitis[J]. J. Dairy Sci,1997, 80: 1005-1028.
7 Scipioni, R.,Zaghini G..Acidified diets in early weaning piglets[J].Zootec.Nutr. Anim,1978,4:201.
8 Risley, C.R.,Kornegay, E.T..Effect of feeding organic acids on selected intestinal content measurements at varying times postweaning in pigs[J]. J Anim Sci,1992, 70(1):196-206.
9黄国清.不同酸化剂在仔猪日粮中的应[J].《饲料工业》,1999,5(20):28-29.
10田允波,葛长荣.有机酸制剂在仔猪饲料中的应用[J].云南畜牧兽医,1998,(2):39-41.
11侯永清,粱敦素.早期断奶仔猪日粮中添加不同种类酸化剂的效果[J].《中国畜牧杂志》, 1996,32(6):8ll.
12 Roth, F.X.,Windisch, W..Effect of potassium diformate(Formi LHS) on nitrogen metabolism and nutrient digestibility in piglets at graded dietary lysine supply[J].Agrobiol.Res.,1998,51:167-175.
13 Schoenherr W D. Phosphoric acid - based acidifiers explored for starter diets. Feedstuffs, 1999,26(66):14～40.
14林映才,陈建新.复合酸化剂对早期断奶仔猪生产性能、血清生化指标、肠道形态和微生物区系的影响[J].养猪,2001,(1):13-16.
15石宝明,单安山.饲用酸化剂的作用与应用[J]. 1999,20(1)
16 Kirchgessner, M.,Roth, F.X..Fumaric acid as feed additive in pig nutrition[J]. Pig News and Information,1982,(3):259-263.
17王宵燕,杨明君.有机酸在畜禽生产中的应用[J].饲料研究,2002,(7):22-24.
18王恬.干饲料营养研究进展[C],李胜利,陈萍,郑博文.如何通过改善奶牛转化效率提高牛奶产量和质量.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2006,210-216.
19陈斌,刘孝谆.仔猪饲粮添加柠檬酸效果的研究[J].西北农业大学学报,1995,23(1):49- 52.
20 Jogensen, R.J.,Erdman, R..Rumen acidosis:identification of potential areas of research.Summary of group discussion[J].Acta vet.Scand,1993,89(Suppl.):153–154.
21 Slyter L L. Influence of acidosis on rumen function [J]. J.Anim.Sci,1976, 43: 910-929.
22苏军,汪莉.益生素与有机酸结合对肉鸡生产性能的影响[J].饲料工业,1999(11):19-21.
23 Cromwell, J.,Hurdle, S.,Schurman, R..Defederalizing Medicaid:fair to the poor, fair to taxpayers?[J].J Health Polit Policy Law,1987,12(1):1-34.
24 Giesting, D.W.,Roos, M.A..Evaluation of the effect of fumaric acid and sodium bicarbonate addition on performance of starter pigs fed diets of different types[J].J Anim Sci,1991,69(6):2489-2496.
25 Brown M S,Krehbiel C R,Galyean M L,et al.Evaluation of models of acute and subacute acidosis on dry matter intake,ruminal fermentation,blood chemistry and endocrine profiles of beef steers[J]. J.Anim.Sci.2000, 78:3155-3168.
26陈勇,甄莉.有机酸在饲料中的应用[J].中国饲料,2004,(9):30～33.
27郑建华,陈振壁.甲酸钙用于仔猪生产的探讨.1994
28 Newbold, C.J.,Wallace, R.J..The effect of tetronasin and monensin on fermentation, microbial numbers and the development of ionophore-resistant bacteria in the rumen[J].J Appl Bacteriol,1993,75(2):129-134.
29 Tung, R.S.,Kung, L.J..In vitro effects of a thiopeptide and monensin on ruminal fermentation of soluble carbohydrates[J].J Dairy Sci,1993,76(4):1083-1090.
30 Poos, M.I.,Hanson, T.L..Monensin effects on diet digestibility,ruminal protein bypass and microbial protein synthesis[J].J Anim Sci,1979,48(6):1516-1524.
31 Stahl D A, Flesher B,Mansfield H R. Use of phylogenetically based hybridization probes for studies of ruminal microbial ecology[J]. Appl.Enuivon.Microbiol, 1988, 54:1079-1084.
32 Elam, C.J.Acidosis in feedlot cattle:Practical observations[J].J.Anim.Sci,1976, 43:898-901
33 Cooper, R.J.,Klopfenstein, T.J..Effects of imposed feed intake variation on acidosis and performance of finishing steers[J].J.Anim.Sci,1999,77:1093-1099.
34 Stock, R.,Britton, R.A..Acidosis in feedlot cattle.Proceedings of Scientific Update on Rumen-sin/Tylan for the Professional Feedlot Consultant[C].Elanco Animal Health, Indiannapolis,1993,A1-A13.
35 Cooper, R.,Klopfenstein, T..Effect of Rumensin and feed intake variation on ruminalpH[J].In:Scientific Update on Rumensin/tylan/Mycoti for the Professional Feedlot Consultant,1996,ppA1~A14. Elanco Animal Health, Indianapolis, IN.
36 Nocek .JE. Bovine acidosis :Implications on Laminitis[J].J.dairy. Sci,1997,80: 1005-1028
37 Therion J J, Kistner A, Kornelius J H. Effect of pH on growth rates of rumen amylolytic and lactilytic bacteria[J]. Appl.Environ.Microbiol., 1982,44: 428-434.
38 Dougherty RW, Coburn KS, Cood HM ,et al. Preliminary study of appearance of endotoxin in circulatory system of sheep and cattle after grain engorgement[J]. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 1975, 36: 831-832
39 Schwartzkopf-Genswein, KS, Beauchemin KA, Gibb DJ, et al. Effect of bunk management on feeding behaviour, ruminal acidosis and performance of feedlot cattle: A Review[J]. J. Anim. Sci.,2003, 81(E.Suppl.2): E149-E158.
40 Meldrum, SJ,Watson BW, Riddle HC,et al. pH-profile of gut as measured by radiotelemetry capsule[J]. Brit. Med. J,1972,88:104–106.
41 Mullenax CH, Keeler RF, Allison MJ. Physiologic responses of ruminants to toxic factors extracted from rumen bacteria and rumen fluid[J]. Am. J. Vet. Res., 1966, 27(119):857-868.
42 Mutsvangwa J, Wright T.奶牛亚急性瘤胃酸中毒(SARA)[J].张树金.中国动物保健,2004,8:23-24
43 Caja G D,et al.Stimulating rumen fermentation:organic acids salts as growth promoters[J].Feed Int.2000.25:23-25.
44 Cheng K J, Costerton J W. Adherent rumen bacteria: their role in the digestion of plant material, urea and epithelial cells. In: Ruchebush Y and Thivend P, ed. Digestive Physiology and Metabolism in Ruminants[C]. Lancaster: MTP Press, 1980,9: 227-250.
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