草地蝗虫吸捕机吸头改进及蝗虫吸捕轨迹分析
摘要
为了深入探讨蝗虫吸捕的过程并进一步提高蝗虫吸捕率,首先加装侧挡板以延长吸捕机两侧有效吸捕气幕范围,测量吸捕机吸头两侧风速,分析当侧挡板与竖直面的夹角为22°时吸头两侧有效气幕范围最优,有效吸捕廓线比加装侧挡板前增长20～30mm,有利于吸捕率的提高。然后对草地蝗虫吸捕机吸头流场进行火焰、烟雾实验,用ANSYS对流场进行模拟对比得出吸头中部流场呈水平分布,将吸头流场简化为垂直吸口的流场。最后分析蝗虫受力,利用牛顿第二定律建立方程进行求解,应用matlab建立不同质量、不同相对速度蝗虫的运动轨迹曲线,分析得到蝗虫的吸捕时间在0.07s以内,对蝗虫吸捕轨迹影响因素从大到小依次为:风速、蝗虫质量、起跳速度。通过观察和分析吸捕轨迹计算得到蝗虫逃逸范围,即当蝗虫吸捕机的吸头口距地为150mm时,蝗虫跳跃速度v_0 = 0～1.51m/s,跳跃角度α=0～70°,则蝗虫能够逃逸。上述试验结果可为提高草地蝗虫吸捕机的吸捕率提供一定的理论依据。
To study the catching process of the Grassland Locust Pneumatic Trapper and further improve the suction trap rate . First , install side baffles to extend the effective catching range on suction mouth , measure wind speed of the suction mouth , through analysis when the baffle’s angle is 22°, the effective catching range reached the optimum , increased 20～30mm than uninstalled , it is beneficial to improve the suction trap rate . Secondly , smoke and fire experiment are done for the suction mouth , using ANSYS simulate the air flow of suction head . By contrast , a conclusion is obtained that in the middle of suction head air flow show horizontal distribution , so simplify the suction flow as vertical to the suction mouth . At last , analyze force and establish equation using Newton's second law , solving the equation , then establish trace of different quality, different locusts’Relative velocity with Matlab , it is found from the analysis that sunction trap time less than 0.07s , the influence factors for trace is wind speed in suction mouth , locusts’weight , take-off speed . Through investigate and analysis on the trace of locust , the locusts’escape region is obtained , that is , when the height of the suction mouth above ground surface is 150mm , and the locusts jump speed less than v_0 = 0～1.51m/s , jumping angle betweenα=0～70°, then the locusts could escape .
To study the catching process of the Grassland Locust Pneumatic Trapper and further improve the suction trap rate . First , install side baffles to extend the effective catching range on suction mouth , measure wind speed of the suction mouth , through analysis when the baffle’s angle is 22°, the effective catching range reached the optimum , increased 20～30mm than uninstalled , it is beneficial to improve the suction trap rate . Secondly , smoke and fire experiment are done for the suction mouth , using ANSYS simulate the air flow of suction head . By contrast , a conclusion is obtained that in the middle of suction head air flow show horizontal distribution , so simplify the suction flow as vertical to the suction mouth . At last , analyze force and establish equation using Newton's second law , solving the equation , then establish trace of different quality, different locusts’Relative velocity with Matlab , it is found from the analysis that sunction trap time less than 0.07s , the influence factors for trace is wind speed in suction mouth , locusts’weight , take-off speed . Through investigate and analysis on the trace of locust , the locusts’escape region is obtained , that is , when the height of the suction mouth above ground surface is 150mm , and the locusts jump speed less than v_0 = 0～1.51m/s , jumping angle betweenα=0～70°, then the locusts could escape .
引文
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2 韩秀珍.东亚飞蝗灾害的遥感监测机理与方法研究[D]. 中国科学院遥感应用研究所硕士论文,2003
3 王正军,秦启联,郝树广等. 我国蝗虫暴发成灾的现状及其持续控制对策[J].昆虫知识,2002,39(3):172~175.
4 潘建梅. 内蒙古草原蝗虫发生原因及防治对策[J].中国草地,2002,24(6):66~69.
5 http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2006-07-30/03009603759s.shtml/,2006-7-30
6 http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2006-07-29/19289602862s.shtml/,2006-7-29
7 http://www.weather.org.cn/50year/detail3.asp?id=1672/,2008-4-6
8 王杰臣,倪绍祥.国内外蝗虫研究发展动向初探[J]. 干旱区研究,2001,9(3):36~41
9 马耀,杜文亮,李克夫等. 草地蝗虫吸捕机. 中国专利,CN2105840U. 1992-06-03.
10 刘建民. 草地蝗虫吸捕机吸嘴的设计及试验研究[D]. 内蒙古农业大学硕士论文,2004
11 徐萌生,邢国亮,曲荣青等. 气吸式草原蝗虫捕集机.中国专利,CN2092865U. 1992-01-15
12 姚福祥. 高速灭蝗、采蝗汽车. 中国专利,CN2498023Y.2002-07-03
13 刘万里. 气吸式灭蝗机.中国专利,CN265913Y. 2004-12-01
14 周强. 光电诱导蝗虫捕集机. 中国专利,CN1543783A.2004-11-10
15 周强,徐瑞清,杨柳. 一种光电诱导蝗虫捕集机. 中国专利,CN1613307.2005-05-11
16 柴永强.草地蝗虫吸捕机吸嘴的设计及试验研究.硕士学位论文[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2006
17 刘彦琦. 草地蝗虫吸捕机收集装置的设计及试验研究. 内蒙古农业大学硕士学位论文,2004
18 庚山,庄立伟,郭安红.内蒙古草原亚洲小车蝗龄期气候预测初步研究[J].草业科学,2006,23(1):71～75
19 康晓东. 草地蝗虫吸捕机吸头的设计及试验研究[D]. 内蒙古农业大学硕士学位论文,2007
20 陈勇,陈东辉,佟金,陈秉聪。仿蝗虫机器人跳跃机理的实验研究及运动形态的三维动态仿 真 , 中 国 科 技 论 文 在 线 , 2006-06-13, http://www.paper.edu.cn/process/download.jsp?file=200606~239
21 杨保,邹学勇,王周龙等.气流中跃移颗粒的受力分析[J],地理科学. 1999,19(5);475~478
22 胡春宏,惠遇甲.水流中跃移颗粒的受力分析[J],水利学报.1993(1):11~20
23 黄振侃.家蝇飞行轨迹的研究[J],数学的实践与认识.1991(4): 20~28
24 黄振侃.苍蝇在空气幕中飞行的研究[J],卫生研究.1991,20(4):49~53
25 刘绍中,杨绍华.沙粒跃移模型及其数值分析[J],计算物理.1985,2(4):443~453
26 彭维明.颗粒在泵叶轮中的运动轨迹计算[J],排灌机械.1994(4):3~10
27 李浩明,周田朋,刘相新.ANSYS 工程计算应用教程[M],北京;中国铁道出版社,2003.1
28 Yakhot V, Orszag S A.Renormalization groupanalysis of turbulent 1. basic theory[J]. Journal of Scientific Computing, 1986(1):3~5
29 khot V, Orszag S A, et al. Development of turbulent models for shear flows by a double expansion technique[J]. Phys Fluid A,1992,4(7):1510
30 学贵,徐旭常,冯俊凯.颗粒在湍流气体中运动的受力分析[J],工程热物理学报.1989, 10 (3):320~325
31 SPEZIALE G G, THANGAM S. Analysis of an RNG based turbulence model for sepaeated flows [J]. IntJEngSci,1992,30:1379
32 YAKHOT C. Development of turbulence models for shear flows by a double expansion technique[J]. PhysFluids,1992,4(7):128~136
33 李 铃,李玉梁.应用基于 RNG 方法的湍流模型数值模拟钝体绕流的湍流流动[J].水科学进展,2000,11(4):357-361
34 袁新明,贺治国,毛根海.用 RNGk_紊流模型对截止阀三维紊流流动的数值模拟[J].FLUID MACHINERY,2006,34(2):34~38
35 刘涛,杨凤鹏.精通 ANSYS[M],北京;清华大学出版社,2002.9
36 Wen X, Hunt G R, Ingham D B. A boundary integral technique for the numerical modeling of the air flow for the Aaberg exhaust system[J]. Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, 2000,24(2):477～484.
37 夏泰淳. 工程流体力学[M],上海;上海交通大学出版社,2006.2
38 傅磊. 散料的流动性及其在弯管中气力输送的研究. 大连理工大学博士学位论文,2000
39 许贤良,王传礼,张军,朱增金. 流体力学[M],北京;国防工业出版社,2006.1
40 Hunt G R, Ingham D B. Long range exhaustion—a mathematical model for the axisymmetric air flow of a local exhaust ventilation hood assisted by a turbulent radial jet[J]. The Annals of Occuptional Hygiene, 1996,40(2):171～196.
41 Zannetti L,Iollo A. Passive control of the vortex wake past a flat plate at incidence[J]. Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics,2003,16(3):211～230.
42 王志东,王德.粘流场数值模拟关键技术研究进展[J].华东船舶工业学院学报(自然科学版),2002,16(5):1～8
43 商跃进.有限元原理与 ANSYS 应用指南[M];北京;清华大学出版社,2005.6
44 Hunt G R, Ingham D B. Long range exhaustion—a mathematical model for the axisymmetric air flow of a local exhaust ventilation hood assisted by a turbulent radial jet[J]. The Annals of Occuptional Hygiene, 1996,40(2):171～196.
45 Zannetti L,Iollo A. Passive control of the vortex wake past a flat plate at incidence[J]. Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics,2003,16(3): 211～230.
46 Yaxin SU* Zhongyang LUO Kefa CEN. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON GAS-FOLID FLOW IN A SQUARE CYCLONE SRPARATOR BY PARTICLE DYNAMIC ANALYZER[C]. Prof. Of International Conference on Power Engineering Oct.8-12,2001,Xi’an,China.
47 Jenkins J T & Savage S B .Atheory of the rapid flow of identical, smooth, nearly elastic, spherical particles[J].JFluid Mech, 1983,130:187～202.
48 Hsien K T , Rajamani K. M at hem atical model of the hydrocy-clone based on physic sof fluid flow[J].AIChE Journal.1991,37:21～23.
49 李丹勋.悬移颗粒运动特性的研究[D],清华大学博士学位论文,1999
50 贺大良,刘大有.跃移颗粒起跳的受力机制[J],中国沙漠,1989,9(2):14～21
51 管玉平,徐守坤,赵跃民.空气重介质流化床干法分选原理的单颗粒动力学描述[J], 徐州建筑职业技术学院学报,2001,1(2):5～8
52 胡元,吴小林,时铭显. 旋风分离器内颗粒轨迹的计算方法[J],石油大学学报(自然科学版),1998,22(4):64～67
53 吴 小 林 , 时 铭 显 . 旋 风 分 离 器 内 颗 粒 运 动 轨 迹 规 律 的 数 值 模 拟 [J], 化 工 机械,1994,21(6):333～337
2 韩秀珍.东亚飞蝗灾害的遥感监测机理与方法研究[D]. 中国科学院遥感应用研究所硕士论文,2003
3 王正军,秦启联,郝树广等. 我国蝗虫暴发成灾的现状及其持续控制对策[J].昆虫知识,2002,39(3):172~175.
4 潘建梅. 内蒙古草原蝗虫发生原因及防治对策[J].中国草地,2002,24(6):66~69.
5 http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2006-07-30/03009603759s.shtml/,2006-7-30
6 http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2006-07-29/19289602862s.shtml/,2006-7-29
7 http://www.weather.org.cn/50year/detail3.asp?id=1672/,2008-4-6
8 王杰臣,倪绍祥.国内外蝗虫研究发展动向初探[J]. 干旱区研究,2001,9(3):36~41
9 马耀,杜文亮,李克夫等. 草地蝗虫吸捕机. 中国专利,CN2105840U. 1992-06-03.
10 刘建民. 草地蝗虫吸捕机吸嘴的设计及试验研究[D]. 内蒙古农业大学硕士论文,2004
11 徐萌生,邢国亮,曲荣青等. 气吸式草原蝗虫捕集机.中国专利,CN2092865U. 1992-01-15
12 姚福祥. 高速灭蝗、采蝗汽车. 中国专利,CN2498023Y.2002-07-03
13 刘万里. 气吸式灭蝗机.中国专利,CN265913Y. 2004-12-01
14 周强. 光电诱导蝗虫捕集机. 中国专利,CN1543783A.2004-11-10
15 周强,徐瑞清,杨柳. 一种光电诱导蝗虫捕集机. 中国专利,CN1613307.2005-05-11
16 柴永强.草地蝗虫吸捕机吸嘴的设计及试验研究.硕士学位论文[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2006
17 刘彦琦. 草地蝗虫吸捕机收集装置的设计及试验研究. 内蒙古农业大学硕士学位论文,2004
18 庚山,庄立伟,郭安红.内蒙古草原亚洲小车蝗龄期气候预测初步研究[J].草业科学,2006,23(1):71～75
19 康晓东. 草地蝗虫吸捕机吸头的设计及试验研究[D]. 内蒙古农业大学硕士学位论文,2007
20 陈勇,陈东辉,佟金,陈秉聪。仿蝗虫机器人跳跃机理的实验研究及运动形态的三维动态仿 真 , 中 国 科 技 论 文 在 线 , 2006-06-13, http://www.paper.edu.cn/process/download.jsp?file=200606~239
21 杨保,邹学勇,王周龙等.气流中跃移颗粒的受力分析[J],地理科学. 1999,19(5);475~478
22 胡春宏,惠遇甲.水流中跃移颗粒的受力分析[J],水利学报.1993(1):11~20
23 黄振侃.家蝇飞行轨迹的研究[J],数学的实践与认识.1991(4): 20~28
24 黄振侃.苍蝇在空气幕中飞行的研究[J],卫生研究.1991,20(4):49~53
25 刘绍中,杨绍华.沙粒跃移模型及其数值分析[J],计算物理.1985,2(4):443~453
26 彭维明.颗粒在泵叶轮中的运动轨迹计算[J],排灌机械.1994(4):3~10
27 李浩明,周田朋,刘相新.ANSYS 工程计算应用教程[M],北京;中国铁道出版社,2003.1
28 Yakhot V, Orszag S A.Renormalization groupanalysis of turbulent 1. basic theory[J]. Journal of Scientific Computing, 1986(1):3~5
29 khot V, Orszag S A, et al. Development of turbulent models for shear flows by a double expansion technique[J]. Phys Fluid A,1992,4(7):1510
30 学贵,徐旭常,冯俊凯.颗粒在湍流气体中运动的受力分析[J],工程热物理学报.1989, 10 (3):320~325
31 SPEZIALE G G, THANGAM S. Analysis of an RNG based turbulence model for sepaeated flows [J]. IntJEngSci,1992,30:1379
32 YAKHOT C. Development of turbulence models for shear flows by a double expansion technique[J]. PhysFluids,1992,4(7):128~136
33 李 铃,李玉梁.应用基于 RNG 方法的湍流模型数值模拟钝体绕流的湍流流动[J].水科学进展,2000,11(4):357-361
34 袁新明,贺治国,毛根海.用 RNGk_紊流模型对截止阀三维紊流流动的数值模拟[J].FLUID MACHINERY,2006,34(2):34~38
35 刘涛,杨凤鹏.精通 ANSYS[M],北京;清华大学出版社,2002.9
36 Wen X, Hunt G R, Ingham D B. A boundary integral technique for the numerical modeling of the air flow for the Aaberg exhaust system[J]. Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, 2000,24(2):477～484.
37 夏泰淳. 工程流体力学[M],上海;上海交通大学出版社,2006.2
38 傅磊. 散料的流动性及其在弯管中气力输送的研究. 大连理工大学博士学位论文,2000
39 许贤良,王传礼,张军,朱增金. 流体力学[M],北京;国防工业出版社,2006.1
40 Hunt G R, Ingham D B. Long range exhaustion—a mathematical model for the axisymmetric air flow of a local exhaust ventilation hood assisted by a turbulent radial jet[J]. The Annals of Occuptional Hygiene, 1996,40(2):171～196.
41 Zannetti L,Iollo A. Passive control of the vortex wake past a flat plate at incidence[J]. Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics,2003,16(3):211～230.
42 王志东,王德.粘流场数值模拟关键技术研究进展[J].华东船舶工业学院学报(自然科学版),2002,16(5):1～8
43 商跃进.有限元原理与 ANSYS 应用指南[M];北京;清华大学出版社,2005.6
44 Hunt G R, Ingham D B. Long range exhaustion—a mathematical model for the axisymmetric air flow of a local exhaust ventilation hood assisted by a turbulent radial jet[J]. The Annals of Occuptional Hygiene, 1996,40(2):171～196.
45 Zannetti L,Iollo A. Passive control of the vortex wake past a flat plate at incidence[J]. Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics,2003,16(3): 211～230.
46 Yaxin SU* Zhongyang LUO Kefa CEN. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON GAS-FOLID FLOW IN A SQUARE CYCLONE SRPARATOR BY PARTICLE DYNAMIC ANALYZER[C]. Prof. Of International Conference on Power Engineering Oct.8-12,2001,Xi’an,China.
47 Jenkins J T & Savage S B .Atheory of the rapid flow of identical, smooth, nearly elastic, spherical particles[J].JFluid Mech, 1983,130:187～202.
48 Hsien K T , Rajamani K. M at hem atical model of the hydrocy-clone based on physic sof fluid flow[J].AIChE Journal.1991,37:21～23.
49 李丹勋.悬移颗粒运动特性的研究[D],清华大学博士学位论文,1999
50 贺大良,刘大有.跃移颗粒起跳的受力机制[J],中国沙漠,1989,9(2):14～21
51 管玉平,徐守坤,赵跃民.空气重介质流化床干法分选原理的单颗粒动力学描述[J], 徐州建筑职业技术学院学报,2001,1(2):5～8
52 胡元,吴小林,时铭显. 旋风分离器内颗粒轨迹的计算方法[J],石油大学学报(自然科学版),1998,22(4):64～67
53 吴 小 林 , 时 铭 显 . 旋 风 分 离 器 内 颗 粒 运 动 轨 迹 规 律 的 数 值 模 拟 [J], 化 工 机械,1994,21(6):333～337