松籽油中皮诺敛酸的提取纯化与减肥功能的研究
摘要
本文对松籽油做了较为系统的研究,并着重研究了松籽油中特有的皮诺敛酸,为松籽油的开发利用提供理论基础。
用索氏提取法测得松籽含油率为65.5%。对热回流法和超声波提取松籽油的方法进行了对比,结果表明:超声波辅助提取松籽油是一种较为理想的方法。通过正交实验得出最佳处理条件,可使提取率可达到61.35%。测定了松籽油的酸价、皂化价及过氧化值,并通过气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-Ms)分析了松籽油的主要脂肪酸组成,即:棕榈酸(C16:0)、硬脂酸(C18:0)、油酸(C18:1)、亚油酸(C18:2)、皮诺敛酸(C18:3)、9,12-二十碳二烯酸(C20:2)、8,11,14-二十碳三烯酸(C20:3)、花生四烯酸(C20:4)及两种未知脂肪酸。其中,皮诺敛酸的含量为10.60%。
采用尿素包合法对松籽油中皮诺敛酸进行纯化。通过正交实验得出最佳条件:混合脂肪酸:尿素为1:1.5(W/W),尿素:乙醇为1:8(W/V),结晶温度为0℃,结晶时间是24h。在此条件下,纯化后皮诺敛酸的含量可达67.08%。
研究了皮诺敛酸对营养性肥胖小鼠的减肥作用。用高营养饲料造摸,分为低、中、高剂量组(用皮诺敛酸含量为67.08%的混合脂肪酸2、4、8g/kg·d~(-1)灌胃)和阳性对照组(8g/kg·d~(-1)大印象减肥茶灌胃)。实验结束后,计算Lee's指数,脂肪指数,肝、肾指数,测定血脂、血糖水平,将脂肪组织固定、染色后400倍显微镜下计数单个视野内脂肪细胞个数,测量视野内脂肪细胞最大径。结果表明,皮诺敛酸可显著(p＜0.05)降低营养性肥胖小鼠的体重、Lee's指数,脂肪指数以及肝、肾指数:2 g/kg·d~(-1)皮诺敛酸可极显著(p＜0.01)降低血清TC;4 g/kg·d~(-1)皮诺敛酸可极显著降低血清甘油三酯(TG),升高血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平;8g/kg·d~(-1)皮诺敛酸可极显著(p＜0.01)降低血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和血糖(Glu)水平。
综上所述,松籽仁不饱和脂肪酸不仅可以作为优良的食用油脂,还可以作为新型的保健用油脂,其中的皮诺敛酸同样具有很高的利用价值。
The purpose of this paper was to study on pine nuts oil and pinolenic acid, and to provide basal parameters for their exploration.
The results of Soxhlet extraction method showed that the oil content of the pine nut was 65.5%. Ultrasound wave method is prior to thermal reflux method on pine seed oil extraction. And the highest extract rate was 61.35%. The acid value, saponification number and POV were detected in the paper. The composition of fatty acids in pine nut oil was detected by GC-MS. The oil consis maily of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, pinolenic acid, 9,12-ectadecadienoic acid, cis-8,ll,14-eicosatrienoic acid, arachidonic acid and two types of unknown acid. GC result showed pinolenic acid in pine nut oil was 10.60%.
Pinolenic acid were separated and purified from the pine nuts via urea clathration. The orthogonal tests showed the best condition of pinolenic acid: fatty acids: urea, 1: 1.5(W/W); urea: ethanol, 1:8(W/V); the temperature of crystallization: 0℃; crystallization time: 24h. On this condition, the concentration of pinolenic acid increased to 67.08%.
The effect of Pinolenic acid on the weight reduction of nutritive obesity mice was observed. Nutritive obesity model in mice was made by high nutritive diet, and treated with pinolenic acid at the dose of 2、4 and 8 g/kg·d~(-1) and the positive control group was treated with 8 g/kg·d~(-1) drog. The body weight, Lee's index, fat index, liver index, kidney index, lipids and Glu in serum . the volume and the maximum diameter of fat cells were determined. The results showed that pinolenic acid could decrease body weight, Lee's index, fat index, liver index, kidney index and Glu in serum of nutritive obesity mice obviously (p<0.05). The TC level in low dose group decreased significantly (p<0.01); in middle dose group the TG level decreased and HDL-C level increased significantly (p<0.01); in high dose group LDL-C level and Glu level decreased significantly (p<0.01).
One word, the pine nut oil could regard as not only good edible oil but also newly health oil. And pinolenic acid extracted from pine nut oil also has high utilization.
用索氏提取法测得松籽含油率为65.5%。对热回流法和超声波提取松籽油的方法进行了对比,结果表明:超声波辅助提取松籽油是一种较为理想的方法。通过正交实验得出最佳处理条件,可使提取率可达到61.35%。测定了松籽油的酸价、皂化价及过氧化值,并通过气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-Ms)分析了松籽油的主要脂肪酸组成,即:棕榈酸(C16:0)、硬脂酸(C18:0)、油酸(C18:1)、亚油酸(C18:2)、皮诺敛酸(C18:3)、9,12-二十碳二烯酸(C20:2)、8,11,14-二十碳三烯酸(C20:3)、花生四烯酸(C20:4)及两种未知脂肪酸。其中,皮诺敛酸的含量为10.60%。
采用尿素包合法对松籽油中皮诺敛酸进行纯化。通过正交实验得出最佳条件:混合脂肪酸:尿素为1:1.5(W/W),尿素:乙醇为1:8(W/V),结晶温度为0℃,结晶时间是24h。在此条件下,纯化后皮诺敛酸的含量可达67.08%。
研究了皮诺敛酸对营养性肥胖小鼠的减肥作用。用高营养饲料造摸,分为低、中、高剂量组(用皮诺敛酸含量为67.08%的混合脂肪酸2、4、8g/kg·d~(-1)灌胃)和阳性对照组(8g/kg·d~(-1)大印象减肥茶灌胃)。实验结束后,计算Lee's指数,脂肪指数,肝、肾指数,测定血脂、血糖水平,将脂肪组织固定、染色后400倍显微镜下计数单个视野内脂肪细胞个数,测量视野内脂肪细胞最大径。结果表明,皮诺敛酸可显著(p＜0.05)降低营养性肥胖小鼠的体重、Lee's指数,脂肪指数以及肝、肾指数:2 g/kg·d~(-1)皮诺敛酸可极显著(p＜0.01)降低血清TC;4 g/kg·d~(-1)皮诺敛酸可极显著降低血清甘油三酯(TG),升高血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平;8g/kg·d~(-1)皮诺敛酸可极显著(p＜0.01)降低血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和血糖(Glu)水平。
综上所述,松籽仁不饱和脂肪酸不仅可以作为优良的食用油脂,还可以作为新型的保健用油脂,其中的皮诺敛酸同样具有很高的利用价值。
The purpose of this paper was to study on pine nuts oil and pinolenic acid, and to provide basal parameters for their exploration.
The results of Soxhlet extraction method showed that the oil content of the pine nut was 65.5%. Ultrasound wave method is prior to thermal reflux method on pine seed oil extraction. And the highest extract rate was 61.35%. The acid value, saponification number and POV were detected in the paper. The composition of fatty acids in pine nut oil was detected by GC-MS. The oil consis maily of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, pinolenic acid, 9,12-ectadecadienoic acid, cis-8,ll,14-eicosatrienoic acid, arachidonic acid and two types of unknown acid. GC result showed pinolenic acid in pine nut oil was 10.60%.
Pinolenic acid were separated and purified from the pine nuts via urea clathration. The orthogonal tests showed the best condition of pinolenic acid: fatty acids: urea, 1: 1.5(W/W); urea: ethanol, 1:8(W/V); the temperature of crystallization: 0℃; crystallization time: 24h. On this condition, the concentration of pinolenic acid increased to 67.08%.
The effect of Pinolenic acid on the weight reduction of nutritive obesity mice was observed. Nutritive obesity model in mice was made by high nutritive diet, and treated with pinolenic acid at the dose of 2、4 and 8 g/kg·d~(-1) and the positive control group was treated with 8 g/kg·d~(-1) drog. The body weight, Lee's index, fat index, liver index, kidney index, lipids and Glu in serum . the volume and the maximum diameter of fat cells were determined. The results showed that pinolenic acid could decrease body weight, Lee's index, fat index, liver index, kidney index and Glu in serum of nutritive obesity mice obviously (p<0.05). The TC level in low dose group decreased significantly (p<0.01); in middle dose group the TG level decreased and HDL-C level increased significantly (p<0.01); in high dose group LDL-C level and Glu level decreased significantly (p<0.01).
One word, the pine nut oil could regard as not only good edible oil but also newly health oil. And pinolenic acid extracted from pine nut oil also has high utilization.
引文
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