基于PKPM3D图形平台的城市立交桥虚拟现实系统研究
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摘要
当代计算机软、硬件技术的迅猛发展为开发新一代桥梁CAD软件提供了技术保障。本文针对桥梁CAD技术应用现状和日益发展的软件技术,对桥梁CAD软件开发技术进行了系统研究,开发了一套基于自主知识产权的PKPM3D图形平台的应用虚拟现实技术的桥梁构件参数化建模系统——城市立交桥虚拟现实系统,具体的研究工作包括:
(1)图形平台在CAD系统中占有极为重要的地位,故本文着重研究了具有自主知识产权的PKPM3D图形平台的二次开发特性,论证了其可以替代通用的图形平台AutoCAD作为二维和三维CAD软件系统的图形平台的可行性。
(2)探讨了增强立交桥三维模型逼真度的方法。采用基于几何建模和图像建模相结合的混合建模技术创建立交桥三维模型和虚拟场景;运用纹理映射技术和虚拟漫游方式增强虚拟场景的沉浸感。
(3)研究桥梁的结构和设计特点,以模版参数化设计为指导,运用现代编程技术,创建了可扩充的桥梁构件模版库,并运用ACCESS创建了可导出的桥梁构件数据库,还利用MFC和平台类库设计并开发了桥梁参数化建模窗口模块、桥梁附属物模块和虚拟漫游模块,最终再加载道路模块,完成了以PKPM3D图形平台和ACCESS数据库为支撑的城市立交桥虚拟现实系统,填补了国内基于自主知识产权平台开发桥梁三维建模软件的空白。
(4)根据实际工程对软件性能进行测试,论证了桥梁构件模版参数化建模方法的切实有效性,大大缩短了建模时间,提高了设计效率。
The prompt development of modern software & hardware technology provides us with advantage to develop a new generational bridge CAD system. On the basis of the current states of bridge CAD application and the rapid development of software technology, this paper studies systematically on the software development technology of bridge CAD system, and develops a Virtual Reality System for Urban Overpass Bridges, which is based on the PKPM3D graphical platform of independent intellectual property. This system takes bridge component parametric modeling as the modeling method, and uses virtual reality technology. The study includes:
(1) Since graphical platform plays an important role in the CAD system, the paper studies the secondary development characteristic of PKPM3D graphical platform which is of independent intellectual property. And it proves that it is feasible for PKPM3D to take the place of universal graphical platform AutoCAD as 2D or 3D CAD system's developing platform.
(2) The approach to enhance the fidelity of the virtual overpass scene is discussed. A combination of geometric-based modeling and image-based modeling technology is used to create the model of the overpass. Texture mapping algorithm and Virtual roaming technique is used to increase the scene fidelity.
(3) In the first place, structure and features of bridge is researched, using the design of parametric templates as a guide and applying the modern Programming techniques to create a template library of bridge components which can be expanded. And then a library of bridge components which can be derived is created. Besides, design and develop the windows for bridge parametric modeling module, bridge accessory module and virtual roaming module using MFC and the platform class library. Finally, after the road module is loaded, a Virtual Reality System for Urban Overpass Bridges is accomplished, which is supported by PKPM3D graphical platform and ACCESS database. It fills the gap in China in the field of bridge 3D modeling software which is based on graphical platform of independent intellectual property.
(4) According to real project, the software feature is tested. This work proves that parametric modeling method for bridge components is really effective. This method shortens the modeling time and improves the efficiency of design work.
(1)图形平台在CAD系统中占有极为重要的地位,故本文着重研究了具有自主知识产权的PKPM3D图形平台的二次开发特性,论证了其可以替代通用的图形平台AutoCAD作为二维和三维CAD软件系统的图形平台的可行性。
(2)探讨了增强立交桥三维模型逼真度的方法。采用基于几何建模和图像建模相结合的混合建模技术创建立交桥三维模型和虚拟场景;运用纹理映射技术和虚拟漫游方式增强虚拟场景的沉浸感。
(3)研究桥梁的结构和设计特点,以模版参数化设计为指导,运用现代编程技术,创建了可扩充的桥梁构件模版库,并运用ACCESS创建了可导出的桥梁构件数据库,还利用MFC和平台类库设计并开发了桥梁参数化建模窗口模块、桥梁附属物模块和虚拟漫游模块,最终再加载道路模块,完成了以PKPM3D图形平台和ACCESS数据库为支撑的城市立交桥虚拟现实系统,填补了国内基于自主知识产权平台开发桥梁三维建模软件的空白。
(4)根据实际工程对软件性能进行测试,论证了桥梁构件模版参数化建模方法的切实有效性,大大缩短了建模时间,提高了设计效率。
The prompt development of modern software & hardware technology provides us with advantage to develop a new generational bridge CAD system. On the basis of the current states of bridge CAD application and the rapid development of software technology, this paper studies systematically on the software development technology of bridge CAD system, and develops a Virtual Reality System for Urban Overpass Bridges, which is based on the PKPM3D graphical platform of independent intellectual property. This system takes bridge component parametric modeling as the modeling method, and uses virtual reality technology. The study includes:
(1) Since graphical platform plays an important role in the CAD system, the paper studies the secondary development characteristic of PKPM3D graphical platform which is of independent intellectual property. And it proves that it is feasible for PKPM3D to take the place of universal graphical platform AutoCAD as 2D or 3D CAD system's developing platform.
(2) The approach to enhance the fidelity of the virtual overpass scene is discussed. A combination of geometric-based modeling and image-based modeling technology is used to create the model of the overpass. Texture mapping algorithm and Virtual roaming technique is used to increase the scene fidelity.
(3) In the first place, structure and features of bridge is researched, using the design of parametric templates as a guide and applying the modern Programming techniques to create a template library of bridge components which can be expanded. And then a library of bridge components which can be derived is created. Besides, design and develop the windows for bridge parametric modeling module, bridge accessory module and virtual roaming module using MFC and the platform class library. Finally, after the road module is loaded, a Virtual Reality System for Urban Overpass Bridges is accomplished, which is supported by PKPM3D graphical platform and ACCESS database. It fills the gap in China in the field of bridge 3D modeling software which is based on graphical platform of independent intellectual property.
(4) According to real project, the software feature is tested. This work proves that parametric modeling method for bridge components is really effective. This method shortens the modeling time and improves the efficiency of design work.
引文
[1]梁鹏.现代桥梁CAD研究与开发[D].西安,长安大学,2001
[2]唐发斌.MIDAS/Civil简介[J].中国公路建设市场,2004(5):11
[3]王书庆.桥梁CAD系统集成技术研究[D].上海,同济大学,1998
[4]http://www.ids-soft.com/bd_broch.html.Bridge Designer Ⅱ介绍
[5]http://www.ids-soft.com/bdm3d.html.Bridge Design Modeler 3D介绍
[6]http://www.lusas.com.LUSAS公司
[7]http://bridge.tongji.edu.cn/Bridge%20CAD/INTROCAD.html.桥梁集成CAD系统BRCAD介绍
[8]唐发斌.桥梁博士系统v2.95版简介[J].中国公路建设市场,2004(4):15
[9]李丽平,郭庆华.桥梁CAD软件的现状与发展趋势[J].公路交通技术.2004(1):44-45
[10]http://www.lfsoft.cn/.李方软件公司EICAD介绍
[11]http://www.bcadsoft.com/web/Bridge%203D/qlswl.htm.交通部公路科学研究院软件产品介绍
[12]薄瑞峰.基于虚拟现实技术CAD系统的研究[J].机械工程与自动化,2004(2):9-10
[13]汪成为,高文,汪行仁.灵境(虚拟现实)技术的理论、实现及其应用(第一版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1996
[14]张毅.土木工程中的虚拟现实技术[J].遵义科技,2003(3):44-48
[15]张跃,张丛哲.土木工程中虚拟现实技术的发展与展望[J].计算机世界,1998(5):3-4
[16]邹明,王忠雅.虚拟现实技术在建筑与规划设计中的应用[J].大连轻工业学院学报,2006,25(1):77-78
[17]喻细辉.立交桥虚拟现实建模及可视化数据生成研究[D].昆明,昆明理工大学,2003
[18]邵维忠,杨芙清.面向对象的系统分析(第一版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1998
[19]钱能.C++程序设计教程(第二版)[M].北京:清华大学,2005
[20]Stanley B.Lippman,Josee Lajoie,Barbara E.Moo.李师贤,蒋爱军,梅晓勇,林瑛.C++Primer中文版(第四版)[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006
[21]David J.Kruglinski,Scot Wingo,George Shepherd.希望图书创作室.Visual C++技术内幕6.0(第五版)[M].北京:北京希望电子出版社,2002
[22]邱仲潘等.Visual C++6从入门到精通(第一版)[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[23]丁啸宇.面向图形对象技术在桥梁绘图软件开发中的应用[D].上海,同济大学,2000
[24]吴海平等.OpenGL图形程序设计及应用环境(第一版)[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社.1999
[25]荷塘月色创造组.如何使用OpenGL开发程序(第一版)[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,1998
[26]贾志刚.openGL编程入门与提高(第一版)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1999
[27]秦宝生.基于OpenGL下的三维图形真实感效果处理技术研究[D].西安,西北大学,1999
[28]秦浦雄.桥梁CAD中的面向对象数据库及图形系统的研究[D].上海,同济大学,2000
[29]杨少伟.道路立体交叉规划与设计(第一版)[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2000
[30]张廷楷.道路路线设计(第一版)[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1990
[31]詹英士.公路线路三维可视化设计中的三维建模[J].中南公路工程,2001(3):27
[32]乔翔,蔺惠茹.公路立交规划与设计实务(第一版)[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[33]吴国雄,李方.互通式立体交叉设计范例(第一版)[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[34]范立础.桥梁工程(第二版)[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1996
[35]裘伯永,盛兴旺,乔建东,文雨松.桥梁工程(第一版)[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2000
[36]孙家驷,朱晓兵.道路设计资料集6(第一版)[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2003
[37]候俊杰.深入浅处MFC(第2版)[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2005
[38]秦浦雄,王书庆.桥梁结构的三维建模技术[J].计算机辅助工程,2000(2):46-52
[39]陆铁坚,蒋友良,余志武.桥梁三维造型及视景仿真[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2005,36(3):501-505
[40]孙轶红,焦永和.基于特征描述及纹理的桥梁三维建模方法研究[J].计算机仿真,2006,23(2):171-173.
[41]杨久龄,唐铮铮,贾梅,雷志彬,刘会学,黄立新,李彦新,何勇,李爱民.GB 5768-1999.道路交通标志和标线.北京:中国标准出版社出版,1999
[2]唐发斌.MIDAS/Civil简介[J].中国公路建设市场,2004(5):11
[3]王书庆.桥梁CAD系统集成技术研究[D].上海,同济大学,1998
[4]http://www.ids-soft.com/bd_broch.html.Bridge Designer Ⅱ介绍
[5]http://www.ids-soft.com/bdm3d.html.Bridge Design Modeler 3D介绍
[6]http://www.lusas.com.LUSAS公司
[7]http://bridge.tongji.edu.cn/Bridge%20CAD/INTROCAD.html.桥梁集成CAD系统BRCAD介绍
[8]唐发斌.桥梁博士系统v2.95版简介[J].中国公路建设市场,2004(4):15
[9]李丽平,郭庆华.桥梁CAD软件的现状与发展趋势[J].公路交通技术.2004(1):44-45
[10]http://www.lfsoft.cn/.李方软件公司EICAD介绍
[11]http://www.bcadsoft.com/web/Bridge%203D/qlswl.htm.交通部公路科学研究院软件产品介绍
[12]薄瑞峰.基于虚拟现实技术CAD系统的研究[J].机械工程与自动化,2004(2):9-10
[13]汪成为,高文,汪行仁.灵境(虚拟现实)技术的理论、实现及其应用(第一版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1996
[14]张毅.土木工程中的虚拟现实技术[J].遵义科技,2003(3):44-48
[15]张跃,张丛哲.土木工程中虚拟现实技术的发展与展望[J].计算机世界,1998(5):3-4
[16]邹明,王忠雅.虚拟现实技术在建筑与规划设计中的应用[J].大连轻工业学院学报,2006,25(1):77-78
[17]喻细辉.立交桥虚拟现实建模及可视化数据生成研究[D].昆明,昆明理工大学,2003
[18]邵维忠,杨芙清.面向对象的系统分析(第一版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1998
[19]钱能.C++程序设计教程(第二版)[M].北京:清华大学,2005
[20]Stanley B.Lippman,Josee Lajoie,Barbara E.Moo.李师贤,蒋爱军,梅晓勇,林瑛.C++Primer中文版(第四版)[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006
[21]David J.Kruglinski,Scot Wingo,George Shepherd.希望图书创作室.Visual C++技术内幕6.0(第五版)[M].北京:北京希望电子出版社,2002
[22]邱仲潘等.Visual C++6从入门到精通(第一版)[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[23]丁啸宇.面向图形对象技术在桥梁绘图软件开发中的应用[D].上海,同济大学,2000
[24]吴海平等.OpenGL图形程序设计及应用环境(第一版)[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社.1999
[25]荷塘月色创造组.如何使用OpenGL开发程序(第一版)[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,1998
[26]贾志刚.openGL编程入门与提高(第一版)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1999
[27]秦宝生.基于OpenGL下的三维图形真实感效果处理技术研究[D].西安,西北大学,1999
[28]秦浦雄.桥梁CAD中的面向对象数据库及图形系统的研究[D].上海,同济大学,2000
[29]杨少伟.道路立体交叉规划与设计(第一版)[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2000
[30]张廷楷.道路路线设计(第一版)[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1990
[31]詹英士.公路线路三维可视化设计中的三维建模[J].中南公路工程,2001(3):27
[32]乔翔,蔺惠茹.公路立交规划与设计实务(第一版)[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[33]吴国雄,李方.互通式立体交叉设计范例(第一版)[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[34]范立础.桥梁工程(第二版)[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1996
[35]裘伯永,盛兴旺,乔建东,文雨松.桥梁工程(第一版)[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2000
[36]孙家驷,朱晓兵.道路设计资料集6(第一版)[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2003
[37]候俊杰.深入浅处MFC(第2版)[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2005
[38]秦浦雄,王书庆.桥梁结构的三维建模技术[J].计算机辅助工程,2000(2):46-52
[39]陆铁坚,蒋友良,余志武.桥梁三维造型及视景仿真[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2005,36(3):501-505
[40]孙轶红,焦永和.基于特征描述及纹理的桥梁三维建模方法研究[J].计算机仿真,2006,23(2):171-173.
[41]杨久龄,唐铮铮,贾梅,雷志彬,刘会学,黄立新,李彦新,何勇,李爱民.GB 5768-1999.道路交通标志和标线.北京:中国标准出版社出版,1999