库存仿真系统的研究与开发
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摘要
随着制造业竞争的日趋激烈，供应链管理越来越受到人们的关注。库存系统是供应链管理的重要内容。有效地控制供应链上各节点的库存将会大大缩短产品的生产周期，降低成本，从而提高整个供应链的竞争能力。
库存系统中存在大量不确定的随机因素，并且系统各变量间的关系复杂，运用解析方法不能很好地建模与分析。仿真被认为是处理复杂库存系统中随机变量的有效方法。
本课题借鉴了国际先进物流仿真软件的开发经验，结合我国制造业库存系统的实际情况，开发了专门用于库存系统仿真的软件ISim。论文完成的主要工作如下：
1. 采用供应方、仓库和需求方三类基本逻辑单元建立库存系统的仿真模型，并定义了各单元的属性参数。
2. 基于事件调度法，并借鉴进程交互法的处理方法，实现了库存系统仿真的算法。该算法能解决复杂模型的优先级处理、仿真运行状态存储以及库存策略的实现等问题。
3. 设计并实现了仿真软件的数据结构和标准数据接口。
4. 应用模拟数据和实际案例对软件进行了测试。测试结果表明该软件可以对供应链上的单阶库存系统及其多种库存策略进行仿真。
本课题所完成的是库存系统仿真软件的总体框架设计和核心功能的设计开发。在本论文工作的基础上扩展软件功能和完善性能，软件将可以对整个供应链上更为复杂的库存系统进行仿真。
The concept of supply chain management is gaining attention due to acutely competition in manufacture industry at the present. The inventory system is the main part in supply chain management. Efficient control of inventory at nodes of a supply chain reduces product lead time and cost sharply, and promotes the competition edge of the whole supply chain.
There are many uncertain factors with stochastic properties and complicated relationships in the inventory system, so it is hard to model and analyze the inventory system using analytic methods. Computer simulation is known as an efficient method for dealing with stochastic variables in the inventory system.
Learning development experience of advanced logistics simulation softwares, based on the actual conditions and need of the inventory system of manufacture industry in our country, an inventory system simulation software package called ISim has been developed. The main jobs done in this paper are as follows：
1. Simulation models of the inventory system are defined as combination of three basic logic elements which are supplier, warehouse and consumer, and attributes of respective elements are also defined.
2. Based on the Event-Scheduling Approach, an inventory system simulation algorithm has been implemented combined with the advantage of the Process- Interaction Approach. This algorithm resolves problems of priority handling in complicated models, storage of program running status and the application of inventory policy.
3. The data structure and standard data interface of the software are designed and developed.
4．The software developed is tested by using simulation data and actual cases. The testing results show that the one-echelon inventory system in a supply chain and inventory strategies can be simulated by the software.
In this paper, the whole structure of the inventory system simulation software is designed and some key function modules are developed. By further expanding the
functions and enhancing performances, the software will be applied to simulate the compicated inventory system in a supply chain.
库存系统中存在大量不确定的随机因素，并且系统各变量间的关系复杂，运用解析方法不能很好地建模与分析。仿真被认为是处理复杂库存系统中随机变量的有效方法。
本课题借鉴了国际先进物流仿真软件的开发经验，结合我国制造业库存系统的实际情况，开发了专门用于库存系统仿真的软件ISim。论文完成的主要工作如下：
1. 采用供应方、仓库和需求方三类基本逻辑单元建立库存系统的仿真模型，并定义了各单元的属性参数。
2. 基于事件调度法，并借鉴进程交互法的处理方法，实现了库存系统仿真的算法。该算法能解决复杂模型的优先级处理、仿真运行状态存储以及库存策略的实现等问题。
3. 设计并实现了仿真软件的数据结构和标准数据接口。
4. 应用模拟数据和实际案例对软件进行了测试。测试结果表明该软件可以对供应链上的单阶库存系统及其多种库存策略进行仿真。
本课题所完成的是库存系统仿真软件的总体框架设计和核心功能的设计开发。在本论文工作的基础上扩展软件功能和完善性能，软件将可以对整个供应链上更为复杂的库存系统进行仿真。
The concept of supply chain management is gaining attention due to acutely competition in manufacture industry at the present. The inventory system is the main part in supply chain management. Efficient control of inventory at nodes of a supply chain reduces product lead time and cost sharply, and promotes the competition edge of the whole supply chain.
There are many uncertain factors with stochastic properties and complicated relationships in the inventory system, so it is hard to model and analyze the inventory system using analytic methods. Computer simulation is known as an efficient method for dealing with stochastic variables in the inventory system.
Learning development experience of advanced logistics simulation softwares, based on the actual conditions and need of the inventory system of manufacture industry in our country, an inventory system simulation software package called ISim has been developed. The main jobs done in this paper are as follows：
1. Simulation models of the inventory system are defined as combination of three basic logic elements which are supplier, warehouse and consumer, and attributes of respective elements are also defined.
2. Based on the Event-Scheduling Approach, an inventory system simulation algorithm has been implemented combined with the advantage of the Process- Interaction Approach. This algorithm resolves problems of priority handling in complicated models, storage of program running status and the application of inventory policy.
3. The data structure and standard data interface of the software are designed and developed.
4．The software developed is tested by using simulation data and actual cases. The testing results show that the one-echelon inventory system in a supply chain and inventory strategies can be simulated by the software.
In this paper, the whole structure of the inventory system simulation software is designed and some key function modules are developed. By further expanding the
functions and enhancing performances, the software will be applied to simulate the compicated inventory system in a supply chain.
引文
[1] 中国物流与采购联合会. 中国物流年鉴（2002）. 北京：中国物资出版社，2002.155~159
[2] Young Hae Lee，Min Kwan Cho，etc. Supply Chain simulation with discrete-continuous combined modeling. Computers& Industrial Engineering ，2002，43：375~392
[3] Benita M.Beamon. Supply Chain Design and Analysis: Models and Methods. International Journal of Production Economics，1998， 55（3）：281~294
[4] 丁立言，李石柱，孙莹. 物流配送. 北京：清华大学出版社，2002.66~73
[5] 丁立言，张铎. 物流系统工程. 北京：清华大学出版社，2001.121~133
[6] 石伟，赵斌，刘玉坤，等. 制造过程的分析方法与系统仿真. 机械工人（热加工），2003，（1）：49~51
[7] K. Ishii， K. Takahashi， R. Muramatsu. Integrated production, inventory and distribution systems. International Journal of Production Research，1988，26 (3)： 473~482
[8] J.F. Williams. Heuristic techniques for simultaneous scheduling of production and distribution in multi-echelon structures: Theory and empirical comparisons. Management Science，1981，27 (3)： 336~352
[9] H.L. Lee，C. Billington. Material management in decentralized supply chains. Operations Research，1993，41 (5) ：835~847
[10] D.F. Pyke，M.A. Cohen. Performance characteristics of stochastic integrated production-distribution systems. European Journal of Operational Research，1993，68 (1)：23~48
[11] A. Svoronos，P. Zipkin，Evaluation of one-for-one replenishment policies for multiechelon inventory systems. Management Science，1991，37 (1) ：68~83
[12] M.A. Cohen，H.L. Lee. Strategic analysis of integrated production-distribution systems: Models and methods. Operations Research，1988，36 (2)：216~228
[13] D.R. Towill. Supply chain dynamics. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing，1991 ，4(4)：197-208
[14] D.R. Towill，M.M. Naim，J. Wikner. Industrial dynamics simulation models in the design of supply chains. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management，1992，22 (5)：3-13
[15] J. Wikner，D.R. Towill，M. Naim. Smoothing supply chain dynamics. International Journal of Production Economics，1991，22 (3) ： 231-248
[16] 黄文谊. 计算机仿真技术. 北京：中国铁道出版社，1990.1~5
[17] J.膨克斯，J.卡森. 离散事件系统模拟 (侯炳辉，张金水). 北京：清华大学出版社，1988.44~72
[18] George S.Fishman. Discrete-event simulation: modeling, programming, and analysis. Springer-Verlag New York, Inc. ，2001.36~69
[19] 刘兴堂，吴晓燕. 现代系统建模与仿真技术.西安：西北工业大学出版社，2001.364~367
[20] 王迎军. 供应链管理实用建模方法及数据挖掘. 北京：清华大学出版社，2001.69~89
[21] 萨师煊，王珊. 数据库系统概论. 北京：高等教育出版社，1991.94~115
[22] 顾启泰. 离散事件系统建模与仿真. 北京：清华大学出版社，1999.34~50
[23] 柴跃廷，刘义. 应用软件系统开发. 北京：清华大学出版社，1999.240~251
[24] Averill M.Law，W.David Kelton. Simulation Modeling and Analysis, Third Edition. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.，2000.202~233
[25] 宋华. 现代物流与供应链管理案例.北京：经济管理出版社，2001.1~17
[26] 倪明田，吴良芝 编著.计算机图形学. 北京：北京大学出版社，1999.1~3
[27] Richard S. Wright，Jr.Michael Sweet. OpenGL超级宝典，第二版（潇湘工作室译）.北京：人民邮电出版社，2001.1~13
[28] 冯允成，邹志红，周泓. 离散系统仿真. 北京：机械出版社，1998.76~98
[29] 肖田元，张燕飞，陈加栋.系统仿真导论.北京：清华大学出版社，2000.34~50
[30] 梭伦. 库存系统胜经. 北京：中国纺织出版社，2001.13~17
[31] Henk de Swaan Arons，Csaba Attila Boer. Storage and retrieval of discrete-event simulation models. Simulation Practice and Theory，2001，8:555-576
[32] Brooks Automation, Inc.. AutoMod User's Manual v10.0[技术手册]，2001
[33] 熊光楞，肖田元，张燕云. 连续系统仿真与离散事件系统仿真. 北京：清华大学出版社，1991.272~292
[2] Young Hae Lee，Min Kwan Cho，etc. Supply Chain simulation with discrete-continuous combined modeling. Computers& Industrial Engineering ，2002，43：375~392
[3] Benita M.Beamon. Supply Chain Design and Analysis: Models and Methods. International Journal of Production Economics，1998， 55（3）：281~294
[4] 丁立言，李石柱，孙莹. 物流配送. 北京：清华大学出版社，2002.66~73
[5] 丁立言，张铎. 物流系统工程. 北京：清华大学出版社，2001.121~133
[6] 石伟，赵斌，刘玉坤，等. 制造过程的分析方法与系统仿真. 机械工人（热加工），2003，（1）：49~51
[7] K. Ishii， K. Takahashi， R. Muramatsu. Integrated production, inventory and distribution systems. International Journal of Production Research，1988，26 (3)： 473~482
[8] J.F. Williams. Heuristic techniques for simultaneous scheduling of production and distribution in multi-echelon structures: Theory and empirical comparisons. Management Science，1981，27 (3)： 336~352
[9] H.L. Lee，C. Billington. Material management in decentralized supply chains. Operations Research，1993，41 (5) ：835~847
[10] D.F. Pyke，M.A. Cohen. Performance characteristics of stochastic integrated production-distribution systems. European Journal of Operational Research，1993，68 (1)：23~48
[11] A. Svoronos，P. Zipkin，Evaluation of one-for-one replenishment policies for multiechelon inventory systems. Management Science，1991，37 (1) ：68~83
[12] M.A. Cohen，H.L. Lee. Strategic analysis of integrated production-distribution systems: Models and methods. Operations Research，1988，36 (2)：216~228
[13] D.R. Towill. Supply chain dynamics. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing，1991 ，4(4)：197-208
[14] D.R. Towill，M.M. Naim，J. Wikner. Industrial dynamics simulation models in the design of supply chains. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management，1992，22 (5)：3-13
[15] J. Wikner，D.R. Towill，M. Naim. Smoothing supply chain dynamics. International Journal of Production Economics，1991，22 (3) ： 231-248
[16] 黄文谊. 计算机仿真技术. 北京：中国铁道出版社，1990.1~5
[17] J.膨克斯，J.卡森. 离散事件系统模拟 (侯炳辉，张金水). 北京：清华大学出版社，1988.44~72
[18] George S.Fishman. Discrete-event simulation: modeling, programming, and analysis. Springer-Verlag New York, Inc. ，2001.36~69
[19] 刘兴堂，吴晓燕. 现代系统建模与仿真技术.西安：西北工业大学出版社，2001.364~367
[20] 王迎军. 供应链管理实用建模方法及数据挖掘. 北京：清华大学出版社，2001.69~89
[21] 萨师煊，王珊. 数据库系统概论. 北京：高等教育出版社，1991.94~115
[22] 顾启泰. 离散事件系统建模与仿真. 北京：清华大学出版社，1999.34~50
[23] 柴跃廷，刘义. 应用软件系统开发. 北京：清华大学出版社，1999.240~251
[24] Averill M.Law，W.David Kelton. Simulation Modeling and Analysis, Third Edition. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.，2000.202~233
[25] 宋华. 现代物流与供应链管理案例.北京：经济管理出版社，2001.1~17
[26] 倪明田，吴良芝 编著.计算机图形学. 北京：北京大学出版社，1999.1~3
[27] Richard S. Wright，Jr.Michael Sweet. OpenGL超级宝典，第二版（潇湘工作室译）.北京：人民邮电出版社，2001.1~13
[28] 冯允成，邹志红，周泓. 离散系统仿真. 北京：机械出版社，1998.76~98
[29] 肖田元，张燕飞，陈加栋.系统仿真导论.北京：清华大学出版社，2000.34~50
[30] 梭伦. 库存系统胜经. 北京：中国纺织出版社，2001.13~17
[31] Henk de Swaan Arons，Csaba Attila Boer. Storage and retrieval of discrete-event simulation models. Simulation Practice and Theory，2001，8:555-576
[32] Brooks Automation, Inc.. AutoMod User's Manual v10.0[技术手册]，2001
[33] 熊光楞，肖田元，张燕云. 连续系统仿真与离散事件系统仿真. 北京：清华大学出版社，1991.272~292