社会网络对隐性知识整合影响及其作用过程研究
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摘要
快速发展的知识经济时代,知识作为一种生产要素,同时更是作为一种资源和资本,正逐渐取代传统的生产要素,成为经济增长、企业发展和个人成功的关键性决定因素。作为其中主体的隐性知识,因为分散、无序、难以充分发挥作用,从而阻碍了个人和组织的成功。通过对隐性知识的挖掘和利用,实现分散性隐性知识资源的有效整合,已经成为个人和组织成功的关键,对企业发展也更加具有实际和战略意义。
本研究通过聚焦隐性知识资源整合中主体所在社会网络(Social Networks, SN)这一资源通道,从交互记忆系统(Transactive Memory Systems, TMS)的理论视角出发,剖析社会网络的影响及其具体作用过程。以往研究虽然注意到社会网络对知识管理的影响,但缺少从交互记忆系统这一知识整合过程机制来分析网络直接作用于隐性知识整合的研究。本研究旨在填补此空缺,揭示社会网络对隐性知识整合影响的具体实现过程。在具体研究时,分别从个人隐性知识整合和团队隐性知识整合两个层面出发,分析了社会网络、交互记忆系统和隐性知识整合的关系,揭示了隐性知识整合实现的机理。具体研究包括：
1)社会网络、交互记忆系统和个体隐性知识整合关系的实证研究。研究探讨了网络关系维度、结点维度、交互记忆系统和个体隐性知识整合的关系。通过收集157份有效样本数据,使用SPSS13.0和Lisrel8.70统计软件,进行信度、效度分析,运用结构方程建模方法,对所提20个假设进行了检验。研究区分出情感型关系和工具型关系对个体隐性知识整合的不同作用方式,联结强度、结点价值观差异度在个体隐性知识整合中的具体影响作用。
2)社会网络、交互记忆系统和团队隐性知识整合关系的实证研究。研究探讨了网络结构维度、结点维度、交互记忆系统和团队隐性知识整合的关系。经过现场问卷收集,得到17个团队的143份有效样本数据,使用Ucinet6.0和SPSS13.0分析软件,运用多元线性回归方法,对所提19个假设进行了检验。研究区分出专长差异度和工作价值观差异度对团队隐性知识整合的影响,网络密度和网络中介中心势在其中的作用,以及工作任务属性在交互记忆系统和团队隐性知识整合关系中的调节作用。
在以上研究中,本文得出的结论和创新包括：1)借助交互记忆系统理论视角,构建了社会网络对隐性知识整合的影响模型。通过创新性理论分析和拓展,理清隐性知识整合应用实际,针对个体层面和团队层面展开实证研究。研究不仅丰富了知识管理的内容,而且扩展了社会网络和交互记忆系统理论的应用范围。2)研究不仅回答了影响隐性知识整合的社会网络因素的具体内容(What),而且更重要的是通过交互记忆系统这一过程机制理清了以上因素的具体作用过程(How)。这是隐性知识整合研究中的理论创新,也是本研究的特色。3)研究揭示了社会网络对隐性知识整合的作用过程,厘清了社会网络关系特征、结点特征、结构特征在整合中的不同作用。情感型关系通过交互记忆系统对个体隐性知识整合产生积极促进作用。工具型关系对个体隐性知识整合有反向作用,且是直接作用。结点价值观一致度、专长差异度通过影响交互记忆系统,进而对隐性知识整合产生积极促进作用。联结关系强度直接显著影响行为主体的交互记忆系统。团队社会网络结构中密度积极推动团队交互记忆系统的建立和发展,进而影响团队隐性知识整合,而网络中介中心势则显著反向影响团队交互记忆系统。4)研究交互记忆系统对隐性知识整合的影响过程,探寻了专业化、信誉度和协调度在隐性知识整合中的不同作用过程。研究显示,交互记忆系统整体对隐性知识整合直接产生显著影响,验证了其作为知识整合过程机制的内容。5)揭示了工作任务属性在交互记忆系统与团队隐性知识整合中的调节作用过程。研究显示,工作任务属性中互依度显著正向作用于交互记忆系统对团队隐性知识整合的影响,而并没有发现任务复杂度对团队隐性知识整合的显著影响。
结合以上研究内容、结论和创新点,本论文从社会网络关系维度、结构维度、结点维度、交互记忆系统以及工作任务属性等方面出发,提出了相应的隐性知识整合的管理策略和应用模式。本研究形成的结论报告,通过调研企业的CIO部门提交给相关管理者,希望对于企业实践起到一定的指导作用。
Knowledge has been increasingly recognized as one of most valuable assets which is developed and possessed by individuals in modern enterprise. Much more research and practice of knowledge management has been conducted in an effort to capture, store, and disseminate knowledge effectively across organization. Research contributions on knowledge management are particularly from different theoretical perspectives, such as knowledge sharing, knowledge creation, knowledge transfer, and so on. Knowledge integration is an example of an attempt to synthesize relevant streams of research. However, knowledge resides in human beings and tacit knowledge which is 90 percent of organization knowledge capacity is critical to organization's competitiveness. Integrating the tacit knowledge of many different individuals in the process of producing goods and services in organization is a critical logic. Therefore, researchers in information systems have begun to pay more attention on integration for fragmented pockets of tacit knowledge, like expertise, specialized knowledge, etc.
Individuals are known to seek knowledge from their own personal networks which extend beyond the formal organizational structures. Tacit knowledge integration is embedded in social activities and interactions. Transactive memory systems (TMS) also have been recognized as the predictor of knowledge management. This research considers how different features of social networks affect tacit knowledge integration and what the mechanism is. As a complement to previous research that has only recognized the social networks direct effect on knowledge integration as a black box, we focus on the mechanism of social networks on tacit knowledge integration from the perspective of TMS. Based on the research framework, we conducted two empirical studies from individual level and team level respectively.
In our study, expressive ties and instrumental ties have different effects on tacit knowledge integration and TMS. Ties strength influences TMS directly. Value diversity of individuals is negative to TMS and to tacit knowledge integration finally. Density and betweenness centralization of networks structure also have different influencs on TMS. The inter-dependence of teamwork moderates the effect of TMS on acit knowledge integration visibly. The results of study provide a novel mechanism for researching tacit knowledge integration which is playing a pivotal role in this turbulent environment. The explorative results provide a new lens for tacit knowledge integration and have superior instructional and explanatory power for both academia and practice.
本研究通过聚焦隐性知识资源整合中主体所在社会网络(Social Networks, SN)这一资源通道,从交互记忆系统(Transactive Memory Systems, TMS)的理论视角出发,剖析社会网络的影响及其具体作用过程。以往研究虽然注意到社会网络对知识管理的影响,但缺少从交互记忆系统这一知识整合过程机制来分析网络直接作用于隐性知识整合的研究。本研究旨在填补此空缺,揭示社会网络对隐性知识整合影响的具体实现过程。在具体研究时,分别从个人隐性知识整合和团队隐性知识整合两个层面出发,分析了社会网络、交互记忆系统和隐性知识整合的关系,揭示了隐性知识整合实现的机理。具体研究包括：
1)社会网络、交互记忆系统和个体隐性知识整合关系的实证研究。研究探讨了网络关系维度、结点维度、交互记忆系统和个体隐性知识整合的关系。通过收集157份有效样本数据,使用SPSS13.0和Lisrel8.70统计软件,进行信度、效度分析,运用结构方程建模方法,对所提20个假设进行了检验。研究区分出情感型关系和工具型关系对个体隐性知识整合的不同作用方式,联结强度、结点价值观差异度在个体隐性知识整合中的具体影响作用。
2)社会网络、交互记忆系统和团队隐性知识整合关系的实证研究。研究探讨了网络结构维度、结点维度、交互记忆系统和团队隐性知识整合的关系。经过现场问卷收集,得到17个团队的143份有效样本数据,使用Ucinet6.0和SPSS13.0分析软件,运用多元线性回归方法,对所提19个假设进行了检验。研究区分出专长差异度和工作价值观差异度对团队隐性知识整合的影响,网络密度和网络中介中心势在其中的作用,以及工作任务属性在交互记忆系统和团队隐性知识整合关系中的调节作用。
在以上研究中,本文得出的结论和创新包括：1)借助交互记忆系统理论视角,构建了社会网络对隐性知识整合的影响模型。通过创新性理论分析和拓展,理清隐性知识整合应用实际,针对个体层面和团队层面展开实证研究。研究不仅丰富了知识管理的内容,而且扩展了社会网络和交互记忆系统理论的应用范围。2)研究不仅回答了影响隐性知识整合的社会网络因素的具体内容(What),而且更重要的是通过交互记忆系统这一过程机制理清了以上因素的具体作用过程(How)。这是隐性知识整合研究中的理论创新,也是本研究的特色。3)研究揭示了社会网络对隐性知识整合的作用过程,厘清了社会网络关系特征、结点特征、结构特征在整合中的不同作用。情感型关系通过交互记忆系统对个体隐性知识整合产生积极促进作用。工具型关系对个体隐性知识整合有反向作用,且是直接作用。结点价值观一致度、专长差异度通过影响交互记忆系统,进而对隐性知识整合产生积极促进作用。联结关系强度直接显著影响行为主体的交互记忆系统。团队社会网络结构中密度积极推动团队交互记忆系统的建立和发展,进而影响团队隐性知识整合,而网络中介中心势则显著反向影响团队交互记忆系统。4)研究交互记忆系统对隐性知识整合的影响过程,探寻了专业化、信誉度和协调度在隐性知识整合中的不同作用过程。研究显示,交互记忆系统整体对隐性知识整合直接产生显著影响,验证了其作为知识整合过程机制的内容。5)揭示了工作任务属性在交互记忆系统与团队隐性知识整合中的调节作用过程。研究显示,工作任务属性中互依度显著正向作用于交互记忆系统对团队隐性知识整合的影响,而并没有发现任务复杂度对团队隐性知识整合的显著影响。
结合以上研究内容、结论和创新点,本论文从社会网络关系维度、结构维度、结点维度、交互记忆系统以及工作任务属性等方面出发,提出了相应的隐性知识整合的管理策略和应用模式。本研究形成的结论报告,通过调研企业的CIO部门提交给相关管理者,希望对于企业实践起到一定的指导作用。
Knowledge has been increasingly recognized as one of most valuable assets which is developed and possessed by individuals in modern enterprise. Much more research and practice of knowledge management has been conducted in an effort to capture, store, and disseminate knowledge effectively across organization. Research contributions on knowledge management are particularly from different theoretical perspectives, such as knowledge sharing, knowledge creation, knowledge transfer, and so on. Knowledge integration is an example of an attempt to synthesize relevant streams of research. However, knowledge resides in human beings and tacit knowledge which is 90 percent of organization knowledge capacity is critical to organization's competitiveness. Integrating the tacit knowledge of many different individuals in the process of producing goods and services in organization is a critical logic. Therefore, researchers in information systems have begun to pay more attention on integration for fragmented pockets of tacit knowledge, like expertise, specialized knowledge, etc.
Individuals are known to seek knowledge from their own personal networks which extend beyond the formal organizational structures. Tacit knowledge integration is embedded in social activities and interactions. Transactive memory systems (TMS) also have been recognized as the predictor of knowledge management. This research considers how different features of social networks affect tacit knowledge integration and what the mechanism is. As a complement to previous research that has only recognized the social networks direct effect on knowledge integration as a black box, we focus on the mechanism of social networks on tacit knowledge integration from the perspective of TMS. Based on the research framework, we conducted two empirical studies from individual level and team level respectively.
In our study, expressive ties and instrumental ties have different effects on tacit knowledge integration and TMS. Ties strength influences TMS directly. Value diversity of individuals is negative to TMS and to tacit knowledge integration finally. Density and betweenness centralization of networks structure also have different influencs on TMS. The inter-dependence of teamwork moderates the effect of TMS on acit knowledge integration visibly. The results of study provide a novel mechanism for researching tacit knowledge integration which is playing a pivotal role in this turbulent environment. The explorative results provide a new lens for tacit knowledge integration and have superior instructional and explanatory power for both academia and practice.
引文
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