空间后勤补给网络设计与管理系统研究
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摘要
面向未来大规模深空探测,空间后勤技术是保证任务可行性、可靠性、可负担性、可维持性的重要途径之一。美国在空间后勤技术领域的研究起步较早,NASA研究人员目前已将空间后勤问题作为美国空间任务系统设计过程中的一个重要方面来考虑,这对我国发展空间技术也是一个启示。目前我国正大力发展探月工程等一系列深空探测活动,根据我国空间技术发展的实际情况,发展空间后勤技术将是十分必要的。
本文以载人登月任务为背景,调研了国内外大量的外空间探测和空间后勤补给的资料,建立了空间后勤补给轨道链模型以及空间后勤补给管理模型,并设计了一套数学仿真软件,对空间后勤系统的效能进行了分析和评估。
本文首先将陆地后勤补给与空间后勤补给进行类比,通过对工业、商业、军事等相关领域补给链设计的类比研究,发现它们与空间后勤补给的潜在相似点并得出空间后勤补给链的一般设计方法、基本准则和设计约束,并最终形成了一套空间后勤补给策略。然后基于时间最优及燃料最优的原则对补给节点、分段运输轨道、运输停泊轨道进行优化设计,得到满足空间后勤要求的行星际空间探测轨道,建立了空间后勤补给轨道链网络。随后通过对行星际空间探测任务补给品的研究,考虑空间任务的不确定因素以及不同类补给品的消耗速率、必要性优先级、老化和损耗等问题,建立了较为精确的空间后勤管理模型。最后将上述得到的空间后勤管理模型结合到空间后勤补给网络中,并在Matlab环境下基于网络节点开发了一套空间后勤补给链网络仿真软件,它能够在保证可靠性和可行性的基础上对空间后勤补给策略进行优化设计,并给出航天器、补给品在后勤补给网络中流动的多信息直观显示。该软件为空间后勤补给网络设计和优化、大规模后勤补给体系分析提供了一个有效的仿真工具。
Space Logistics Technology is one of the most important ways to ensure the feasibility, reliability, affordability and sustainability of human space missions. The United States started early in the field of space logistics technology, space logistical problems now have been considered as an important aspect in the design process of current U.S. space mission by NASA researchers, this is also a revelation to China. At present, China is to develop a series of deep space exploration activities such as the lunar exploration project, according to China's actual situation of space technology development, the research of space logistics technology is necessary.
This paper chose moon mission as background, researched a lot of domestic and foreign space logistics information, built the model of space logistics orbital supply chain and space logistics supply management, then designed a mathematical simulation software, at last analyzed and evaluated the effectiveness of space logistics system.
Firstly, this article analogized land-based logistics and space logistics, by comparison to industrial, commercial, military and other related neighborhood supply chain design, found their potential similarity with space logistics, then obtained the general design method, basic principles and design constraints of the space logistics supply chain, eventually formed a preliminary strategy for space logistics. After that we based on the principles of time optimal and fuel optimal to design the supply nodes, staging transportation track, transportation parking orbit, obtained the interplanetary space exploration orbit which met the space logistics requirements, established the network of space logistics supply orbit chain. Then through research to the supplies of interplanetary space exploration missions, considering the uncertainty of space missions as well as consumption rate of different types of supplies, necessity and priority issues, aging and loss, a more accurate supply-demand model was set up. Finally, we integrated this more accurate space logistics management model into the space logistics supply network, and developed an interplanetary logistics supply chain network simulation software in the Matlab environment based on network node. It could optimization the space logistics supply strategies on the basis of ensuring the reliability and feasibility, and gave more information visual display of spacecraft and supplies flow in the logistics network. This software provided an effective simulation tool for design and optimization of the space logistics supply network.
本文以载人登月任务为背景,调研了国内外大量的外空间探测和空间后勤补给的资料,建立了空间后勤补给轨道链模型以及空间后勤补给管理模型,并设计了一套数学仿真软件,对空间后勤系统的效能进行了分析和评估。
本文首先将陆地后勤补给与空间后勤补给进行类比,通过对工业、商业、军事等相关领域补给链设计的类比研究,发现它们与空间后勤补给的潜在相似点并得出空间后勤补给链的一般设计方法、基本准则和设计约束,并最终形成了一套空间后勤补给策略。然后基于时间最优及燃料最优的原则对补给节点、分段运输轨道、运输停泊轨道进行优化设计,得到满足空间后勤要求的行星际空间探测轨道,建立了空间后勤补给轨道链网络。随后通过对行星际空间探测任务补给品的研究,考虑空间任务的不确定因素以及不同类补给品的消耗速率、必要性优先级、老化和损耗等问题,建立了较为精确的空间后勤管理模型。最后将上述得到的空间后勤管理模型结合到空间后勤补给网络中,并在Matlab环境下基于网络节点开发了一套空间后勤补给链网络仿真软件,它能够在保证可靠性和可行性的基础上对空间后勤补给策略进行优化设计,并给出航天器、补给品在后勤补给网络中流动的多信息直观显示。该软件为空间后勤补给网络设计和优化、大规模后勤补给体系分析提供了一个有效的仿真工具。
Space Logistics Technology is one of the most important ways to ensure the feasibility, reliability, affordability and sustainability of human space missions. The United States started early in the field of space logistics technology, space logistical problems now have been considered as an important aspect in the design process of current U.S. space mission by NASA researchers, this is also a revelation to China. At present, China is to develop a series of deep space exploration activities such as the lunar exploration project, according to China's actual situation of space technology development, the research of space logistics technology is necessary.
This paper chose moon mission as background, researched a lot of domestic and foreign space logistics information, built the model of space logistics orbital supply chain and space logistics supply management, then designed a mathematical simulation software, at last analyzed and evaluated the effectiveness of space logistics system.
Firstly, this article analogized land-based logistics and space logistics, by comparison to industrial, commercial, military and other related neighborhood supply chain design, found their potential similarity with space logistics, then obtained the general design method, basic principles and design constraints of the space logistics supply chain, eventually formed a preliminary strategy for space logistics. After that we based on the principles of time optimal and fuel optimal to design the supply nodes, staging transportation track, transportation parking orbit, obtained the interplanetary space exploration orbit which met the space logistics requirements, established the network of space logistics supply orbit chain. Then through research to the supplies of interplanetary space exploration missions, considering the uncertainty of space missions as well as consumption rate of different types of supplies, necessity and priority issues, aging and loss, a more accurate supply-demand model was set up. Finally, we integrated this more accurate space logistics management model into the space logistics supply network, and developed an interplanetary logistics supply chain network simulation software in the Matlab environment based on network node. It could optimization the space logistics supply strategies on the basis of ensuring the reliability and feasibility, and gave more information visual display of spacecraft and supplies flow in the logistics network. This software provided an effective simulation tool for design and optimization of the space logistics supply network.
引文
1崔乃刚,王平,郭继峰,等.空间在轨服务技术发展综述.宇航学报,2007,28(4)：33-39
2 Sarah A. Shull, Erica L. Gralla, Nii Armar. An Integrated Modeling Tool for Sustainable Space Exploration. the 57th International Astronautical Congress,2006
3郭继峰,崔乃刚,程兴.空间后勤技术发展综述.宇航学报,2009,30(5)：1745-1751
4 BRAIN C F. Some tools for the direct solution of optimal control problems. Advances in Engineering Software.1998,29(1):45-61
5 Betts, J. T. Survey of Numerical Methods for Trajectory Optimization. Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics.1998,21(2):193-207
6李怡勇,李智.临近空间飞行器发展与应用分析.装备指挥技术学院学报.2008,19(2)：61-64
7 Jeffrey Antol, David E. Headley. The International Space Station As a Free Flyer Servicing Node. Space Technology and Applications International Forum,1999:389-393
8 Christine Taylor, David Broniatowski, Ryan Boas, et al. Paradigm Shift in Design for NASA's Space Exploration Initiative.the 1st Space Exploration Conference: Continuing the Voyage of Discovery. Orlando, Florida,2005
9 Paul G. Cheng, Douglas D. Chism, Wayne H. Goodman, et al. Space systems Engineering Lessons Learned System. Proceedings of the SatMax 2002 Conference: Satellite Performance Workshop. Arlington, Virginia,2002
10赵汉元.飞行器再入动力学和制导.国防科技大学出版社,1997：382-384
11郭继峰,王平,崔乃刚.大型空间结构在轨装配技术的发展.导弹与航天运载技术,2006,3：28-35
12 Afreen Siddiqi, Olivier L. de Weck. Spare Parts Requirements for Space Missions with Reconfigurability and Commonality. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets,2007,44(1):147-163
13 Sarah A. Shull, Erica L.Gralla, Afreen Siddiqi, et al. The Future of Asset Management for Human Space Exploration:Supply Classification and an Integrated Database. AIAA Space 2006. San Jose, California,2006
14 Erica L. Gralla, William Nadir, Hamed Mamani, et al. Optimal Launch Vehicle Size Determination for Moon-Mars Transportation Architectures. AIAA Space 2005. Long Beach, California,2005
15 Erica L. Gralla, Sarah Shull, Olivier de Weck. A Modeling Framework for Interplanetary Supply Chains. AIAA Space 2006. San Jose, California,2006
16 Linda Cuplin, Wendell H Chum. Satellite Servicing and Space Logistics. AIAA Space 2000 Conference & Exposition. Long Beach, California,2000
17 Allen Li. More Knowledge Needed to Determine Best Alternatives to Provide Space Station Logistics Support. United States Government Accountability Office,GAO-05-488,2005
18 Kurt R. Sacksteder, Gerald B. Sanders. In-Situ Resource Utilization for Lunar and Mars Exploration.the 45th AIAA Aerospace Science Meeting and Exhibit. Reno, Nevada,2007
19 Christine Taylor, Olivier L. de Weck. Concurrent Trajectory and Vehicle Optimization: A Case Study of Earth-Moon Supply Chain Logistics.the 46th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Confere.Austin, Texas,2005
20 Shuichi Matsumoto, Mitsushige Oda, Isao Kawano. Attitude Dynamics and Control of Space Cargo for Reusable Orbital Logistics Supply Servicing. AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. Monterey, California,2002
21 Erica L. Gralla, Oliver de Weck. On-Orbit Assembly Strategies for Next-Generation Space Exploration. the 57th International Astronautical Congress.2006
22 NASA's Exploration Systems Architectures Study. NASA-TM-2005-214062,2005
23刘林.航天器轨道理论.国防工业出版社,2000
24林来兴.空间交会对接技术.国防工业出版社,1995
25 Shen H.J., Tsiotras P., Optimal Two Impulse Rendezvous Using Multiple-Revolution Lambert Solutions. The journal of the astronautical Sciences,2000,48(2):131-148
26罗亚中.空间最优交会路径规划策略研究.国防科技大学研究生院博士生论文,2007：19-20
27韩潮,谢华伟.空间交会多圈Lambert变轨算法研究.中国空间科学技术,2004,24(5)：9-13
28朱仁璋,汤溢,蒙薇,空间交会近程导引控制方法与控制算法.中国空间科学技术,2005,25(5)：17-23
29谌颖,王旭东,水平冲量作用下共面椭圆轨道上航天器的交会.控制工程,1993,1(3)：9-13
30刘鲁华.航天器自主交会制导与控制方法研究.国防科技大学研究生院博士生 论文,2007：46-48
31袁亚湘,孙文瑜.最优化理论与方法.科学出版社,2001,514-558
32 George Richie, Colorado Springs. The Common Aero Vehicle:Space Delivery System of the Future. AIAA Space Technology Conference and Exposition, Albuquerque,28-30, Sept.,1999. AIAA 99-4435
33 Pantoja J F O De O, Mayne D Q. A sequential quadratic programming algorithm for discrete optimal control problems with control inequality constraints. Proceedings of the 28th conference on decision and control,1989
34 Fehse W., Automated Rendezvous and Docking of Spacecraft. Cambridge University Press,2003
35荆武兴,耿云海,杨旭,吴瑶华.空间交会的最优轨道机动.中国空间科学技术,1998,18(2)：22-27
36谌颖,王旭东.多冲量最优交会.航天控制,1992,10(1)：25-32
37郭海林,曲广吉.航天器空间交会过程综合变轨策略研究.中国空间科学技术,2004,24(3)：60-67
38 Brandon merle shippey. Trajectory optimization using collocation and evolutionary programming for constrained nonlinear dynamical systems. Master Dissertation of the university of texas at Arlington.2008:1-11
39 Wilfried Hofstetter, Oliver de Weck, Edward Crawley. Modular Building Blocks for Manned Spacecraft:A Case Study for Moon and Mars Landing Systems. Proceedings of the 15th Annual International Symposium. Rochester, New York,2005
40 Mattew Silver, Xin Li, Olivier de Weck, et al. Autonomous Logistics Technologies for Space Exploration:Experiment Results and Design Considerations. SpaceOps 2006. Rome, Italy,2006
41 Michael L. McConnell. An Approach for Optimizing the On-Orbit Servicing Architecture for A Given Client Satellite Constellation. Ohio:Air Force Institute of Technology,2005
42 Michael Galluzzi, Edgar Zapata, Martin Steele, et al. Foundations of Supply Chain Management for Space Application. Space 2006. San Jose, California,2006
43 E.C. Aldridge, Carleton S. Fiorina, Michael P. Jackson, et al. Report of the President's Commission on Implementation of United States Space Exploration Policy. Department of Defense,2004
44 Gergana A. Nounova, Jaemyung Ahn, Wilfried Hofstetter, et al. Selection and Technology Evaluation of Moon/Mars Transportation Architectures. AIAA Space 2005. Long Beach, California,2005
45 J. Borky, W. Ballhaus Jr., A. Brown, et al. A Space Roadmap for the 21st Century Aerospace Force. United States Air Force Scientific Advisory Board, SAB-TR-98-01,1988
46 Sarah A. Shull, Oliver L. de Weck. Modeling and Simulation of Lunar Campaign Logistics. AIAA Space 2007 Conference & Exposition. Long Beach, California,2007
47 Jessica J. Marquez, Dava J. Newman. Mission Planning and Re-planning for Planetary Extravehicular Activities:Analysis of Excursions in a Mars-Analog Environment and Apollo Program. SAE Transactions,2006,1:531-539
48 K. Peek. Logistics Goals for Future Exploration. Space 2006. San Jose, California,2006
49 James Michael Snead. Architecting Rapid Growth in Space Logistics Capabilities.the 40th AIAA/ASMC/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. Florida,2004
50 Charles F. Lillie. On-Orbit Assembly and Servicing for Future Space Observatories. Space 2006. San Jose, California,2006
51向开恒,肖业伦.空间交会中脉冲变轨燃料消耗研究.中国空间科学技术,1999,19(3)：9-15
52李晨光,肖业伦.多脉冲C-W交会的优化方法.宇航学报,2006,27(2)：172-176
53彭祺擘.基于空间站支持的载人登月方案研究.国防科技大学研究生院硕士生论文,2007：64-68
54齐映红,曹喜滨.三脉冲最优交会问题的解法.吉林工业大学学报,2006,36(4)：608-612
55朱彦伟,杨乐平.航天器在轨服务接近策略研究.中国空间科学技术,2007,1：14-20
2 Sarah A. Shull, Erica L. Gralla, Nii Armar. An Integrated Modeling Tool for Sustainable Space Exploration. the 57th International Astronautical Congress,2006
3郭继峰,崔乃刚,程兴.空间后勤技术发展综述.宇航学报,2009,30(5)：1745-1751
4 BRAIN C F. Some tools for the direct solution of optimal control problems. Advances in Engineering Software.1998,29(1):45-61
5 Betts, J. T. Survey of Numerical Methods for Trajectory Optimization. Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics.1998,21(2):193-207
6李怡勇,李智.临近空间飞行器发展与应用分析.装备指挥技术学院学报.2008,19(2)：61-64
7 Jeffrey Antol, David E. Headley. The International Space Station As a Free Flyer Servicing Node. Space Technology and Applications International Forum,1999:389-393
8 Christine Taylor, David Broniatowski, Ryan Boas, et al. Paradigm Shift in Design for NASA's Space Exploration Initiative.the 1st Space Exploration Conference: Continuing the Voyage of Discovery. Orlando, Florida,2005
9 Paul G. Cheng, Douglas D. Chism, Wayne H. Goodman, et al. Space systems Engineering Lessons Learned System. Proceedings of the SatMax 2002 Conference: Satellite Performance Workshop. Arlington, Virginia,2002
10赵汉元.飞行器再入动力学和制导.国防科技大学出版社,1997：382-384
11郭继峰,王平,崔乃刚.大型空间结构在轨装配技术的发展.导弹与航天运载技术,2006,3：28-35
12 Afreen Siddiqi, Olivier L. de Weck. Spare Parts Requirements for Space Missions with Reconfigurability and Commonality. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets,2007,44(1):147-163
13 Sarah A. Shull, Erica L.Gralla, Afreen Siddiqi, et al. The Future of Asset Management for Human Space Exploration:Supply Classification and an Integrated Database. AIAA Space 2006. San Jose, California,2006
14 Erica L. Gralla, William Nadir, Hamed Mamani, et al. Optimal Launch Vehicle Size Determination for Moon-Mars Transportation Architectures. AIAA Space 2005. Long Beach, California,2005
15 Erica L. Gralla, Sarah Shull, Olivier de Weck. A Modeling Framework for Interplanetary Supply Chains. AIAA Space 2006. San Jose, California,2006
16 Linda Cuplin, Wendell H Chum. Satellite Servicing and Space Logistics. AIAA Space 2000 Conference & Exposition. Long Beach, California,2000
17 Allen Li. More Knowledge Needed to Determine Best Alternatives to Provide Space Station Logistics Support. United States Government Accountability Office,GAO-05-488,2005
18 Kurt R. Sacksteder, Gerald B. Sanders. In-Situ Resource Utilization for Lunar and Mars Exploration.the 45th AIAA Aerospace Science Meeting and Exhibit. Reno, Nevada,2007
19 Christine Taylor, Olivier L. de Weck. Concurrent Trajectory and Vehicle Optimization: A Case Study of Earth-Moon Supply Chain Logistics.the 46th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Confere.Austin, Texas,2005
20 Shuichi Matsumoto, Mitsushige Oda, Isao Kawano. Attitude Dynamics and Control of Space Cargo for Reusable Orbital Logistics Supply Servicing. AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. Monterey, California,2002
21 Erica L. Gralla, Oliver de Weck. On-Orbit Assembly Strategies for Next-Generation Space Exploration. the 57th International Astronautical Congress.2006
22 NASA's Exploration Systems Architectures Study. NASA-TM-2005-214062,2005
23刘林.航天器轨道理论.国防工业出版社,2000
24林来兴.空间交会对接技术.国防工业出版社,1995
25 Shen H.J., Tsiotras P., Optimal Two Impulse Rendezvous Using Multiple-Revolution Lambert Solutions. The journal of the astronautical Sciences,2000,48(2):131-148
26罗亚中.空间最优交会路径规划策略研究.国防科技大学研究生院博士生论文,2007：19-20
27韩潮,谢华伟.空间交会多圈Lambert变轨算法研究.中国空间科学技术,2004,24(5)：9-13
28朱仁璋,汤溢,蒙薇,空间交会近程导引控制方法与控制算法.中国空间科学技术,2005,25(5)：17-23
29谌颖,王旭东,水平冲量作用下共面椭圆轨道上航天器的交会.控制工程,1993,1(3)：9-13
30刘鲁华.航天器自主交会制导与控制方法研究.国防科技大学研究生院博士生 论文,2007：46-48
31袁亚湘,孙文瑜.最优化理论与方法.科学出版社,2001,514-558
32 George Richie, Colorado Springs. The Common Aero Vehicle:Space Delivery System of the Future. AIAA Space Technology Conference and Exposition, Albuquerque,28-30, Sept.,1999. AIAA 99-4435
33 Pantoja J F O De O, Mayne D Q. A sequential quadratic programming algorithm for discrete optimal control problems with control inequality constraints. Proceedings of the 28th conference on decision and control,1989
34 Fehse W., Automated Rendezvous and Docking of Spacecraft. Cambridge University Press,2003
35荆武兴,耿云海,杨旭,吴瑶华.空间交会的最优轨道机动.中国空间科学技术,1998,18(2)：22-27
36谌颖,王旭东.多冲量最优交会.航天控制,1992,10(1)：25-32
37郭海林,曲广吉.航天器空间交会过程综合变轨策略研究.中国空间科学技术,2004,24(3)：60-67
38 Brandon merle shippey. Trajectory optimization using collocation and evolutionary programming for constrained nonlinear dynamical systems. Master Dissertation of the university of texas at Arlington.2008:1-11
39 Wilfried Hofstetter, Oliver de Weck, Edward Crawley. Modular Building Blocks for Manned Spacecraft:A Case Study for Moon and Mars Landing Systems. Proceedings of the 15th Annual International Symposium. Rochester, New York,2005
40 Mattew Silver, Xin Li, Olivier de Weck, et al. Autonomous Logistics Technologies for Space Exploration:Experiment Results and Design Considerations. SpaceOps 2006. Rome, Italy,2006
41 Michael L. McConnell. An Approach for Optimizing the On-Orbit Servicing Architecture for A Given Client Satellite Constellation. Ohio:Air Force Institute of Technology,2005
42 Michael Galluzzi, Edgar Zapata, Martin Steele, et al. Foundations of Supply Chain Management for Space Application. Space 2006. San Jose, California,2006
43 E.C. Aldridge, Carleton S. Fiorina, Michael P. Jackson, et al. Report of the President's Commission on Implementation of United States Space Exploration Policy. Department of Defense,2004
44 Gergana A. Nounova, Jaemyung Ahn, Wilfried Hofstetter, et al. Selection and Technology Evaluation of Moon/Mars Transportation Architectures. AIAA Space 2005. Long Beach, California,2005
45 J. Borky, W. Ballhaus Jr., A. Brown, et al. A Space Roadmap for the 21st Century Aerospace Force. United States Air Force Scientific Advisory Board, SAB-TR-98-01,1988
46 Sarah A. Shull, Oliver L. de Weck. Modeling and Simulation of Lunar Campaign Logistics. AIAA Space 2007 Conference & Exposition. Long Beach, California,2007
47 Jessica J. Marquez, Dava J. Newman. Mission Planning and Re-planning for Planetary Extravehicular Activities:Analysis of Excursions in a Mars-Analog Environment and Apollo Program. SAE Transactions,2006,1:531-539
48 K. Peek. Logistics Goals for Future Exploration. Space 2006. San Jose, California,2006
49 James Michael Snead. Architecting Rapid Growth in Space Logistics Capabilities.the 40th AIAA/ASMC/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. Florida,2004
50 Charles F. Lillie. On-Orbit Assembly and Servicing for Future Space Observatories. Space 2006. San Jose, California,2006
51向开恒,肖业伦.空间交会中脉冲变轨燃料消耗研究.中国空间科学技术,1999,19(3)：9-15
52李晨光,肖业伦.多脉冲C-W交会的优化方法.宇航学报,2006,27(2)：172-176
53彭祺擘.基于空间站支持的载人登月方案研究.国防科技大学研究生院硕士生论文,2007：64-68
54齐映红,曹喜滨.三脉冲最优交会问题的解法.吉林工业大学学报,2006,36(4)：608-612
55朱彦伟,杨乐平.航天器在轨服务接近策略研究.中国空间科学技术,2007,1：14-20