基于面向对象的城市道路微观交通仿真的研究与设计
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摘要
城市交通系统是一个随机的、复杂的大系统,难以在现实交通环境中对其进行反复的建模与控制研究,所以应用计算机技术进行交通仿真就成了一种很有效的技术手段。利用交通仿真,可以逼真地仿真交通流的各种交通现象,深入地分析各类交通特性,为有效地进行交通规划、交通组织与管理提供一个直观、高效、灵活的实验和测试平台。而且通过仿真的方法,可以实时再现城市局部的交通流现象,通过多次仿真运行优化其控制参数,为交通组织管理提供决策依据。因此,交通仿真在城市交通控制方面的研究有很大的应用前景。
本文以面向对象程序设计思想为基础,以包括三个交叉口的道路为研究对象,采用基于交通流理论的车辆运动模型和计算机仿真理论构建城市交通微观仿真软件。该软件是以Visual C++6.0为开发平台,用C++编程实现了功能模块。其基本具备了路网构建和管理、交通流运行的实时动画仿真、交通模拟控制及数据统计等功能。具体内容如下:
1.运用面向对象方法与可视化技术开发了城市交通微观仿真系统。首先阐述了仿真的基础理论交通流理论,在交叉口的控制方法上,提出了模糊控制策略。
2.城市交通微观仿真系统的模型体系研究。交通微观仿真系统的模型体系是交通仿真的核心内容,模型体系的正确性直接决定了仿真系统的成败。本文主要立足于城市道路微观交通流仿真系统的建模与实现,首先选定和改进了适合计算机模拟的微观交通流的各仿真模型:路网模型、交通信号控制模型、车辆产生模型、车辆自由行驶和跟驰模型、交叉口交通仿真模型等。然后把这些模型有机地结合起来,编制各模型的实现模块,确定系统的仿真方法。
3.通过具体实验,对软件的功能进行了测试分析,同时也验证了模型算法实现的可行性和模型的逼真度,进而说明了该系统的实用功能。
Urban traffic system is such a stochastic and complicated system that it is impossible to study of modeling and control among real traffic environment again and again. Thus, traffic simulation by computer becomes a great effective method. By traffic simulation, we can simulate various traffic phenomena, in-depth analyze various traffic characters. The traffic simulation provides a visual, effective and flexible experiment and test platform. Furthermore, the simulation can reappear urban local traffic flow phenomena and multiple simulation operations can provide us control parameter optimization and reference for decision of traffic organization. Traffic simulation get a wide application foreground in research of urban traffic control.
In this paper, based on the object-oriented programming, microscopic simulation software of urban traffic is realized using vehicle-moving model from traffic flow theory and computer simulation theory, in which a main road consisting of three intersections in series is taken as research object. Based on the object-oriented software development thinking and Visual C++ 6.0 for the development platform, and the main functions implemented through C++ programming. The system basically realizes the following functions such as network construction and management, simulation of animation for vehicle motion, traffic control simulation, data statistic and so on. Concrete contents are as following:
1. The urban microscopic traffic system simulator is developed with the object-oriented method and visualization technology. First, this paper introduces the traffic flow phenomena which is the basic theories of simulation, and the fuzzy control theory which is applied to the crossings control.
2. The investigation of urban microscopic traffic simulation on model system. Model system is the core content of urban microscopic traffic simulation system. The validity of model system decided the success or failure of urban microscopic traffic simulation system directly. The thesis mainly based on modeling and practicing system of microscopic traffic flow simulation in urban arterial. First of all, we have established models of microscopic traffic flow, such as : network model, car-generation model, car-following model, signal control model, event responding model, etc. Then have programmed module of all models, and determined the method of system simulation.
3. A concrete simulation experiment is introduced in the paper, which tested the software functions and validated the software realization of the traffic participant algorithm and the fidelity of the traffic participant behaviors, and more the software is illustrated by examples for explanation of its actual use.
本文以面向对象程序设计思想为基础,以包括三个交叉口的道路为研究对象,采用基于交通流理论的车辆运动模型和计算机仿真理论构建城市交通微观仿真软件。该软件是以Visual C++6.0为开发平台,用C++编程实现了功能模块。其基本具备了路网构建和管理、交通流运行的实时动画仿真、交通模拟控制及数据统计等功能。具体内容如下:
1.运用面向对象方法与可视化技术开发了城市交通微观仿真系统。首先阐述了仿真的基础理论交通流理论,在交叉口的控制方法上,提出了模糊控制策略。
2.城市交通微观仿真系统的模型体系研究。交通微观仿真系统的模型体系是交通仿真的核心内容,模型体系的正确性直接决定了仿真系统的成败。本文主要立足于城市道路微观交通流仿真系统的建模与实现,首先选定和改进了适合计算机模拟的微观交通流的各仿真模型:路网模型、交通信号控制模型、车辆产生模型、车辆自由行驶和跟驰模型、交叉口交通仿真模型等。然后把这些模型有机地结合起来,编制各模型的实现模块,确定系统的仿真方法。
3.通过具体实验,对软件的功能进行了测试分析,同时也验证了模型算法实现的可行性和模型的逼真度,进而说明了该系统的实用功能。
Urban traffic system is such a stochastic and complicated system that it is impossible to study of modeling and control among real traffic environment again and again. Thus, traffic simulation by computer becomes a great effective method. By traffic simulation, we can simulate various traffic phenomena, in-depth analyze various traffic characters. The traffic simulation provides a visual, effective and flexible experiment and test platform. Furthermore, the simulation can reappear urban local traffic flow phenomena and multiple simulation operations can provide us control parameter optimization and reference for decision of traffic organization. Traffic simulation get a wide application foreground in research of urban traffic control.
In this paper, based on the object-oriented programming, microscopic simulation software of urban traffic is realized using vehicle-moving model from traffic flow theory and computer simulation theory, in which a main road consisting of three intersections in series is taken as research object. Based on the object-oriented software development thinking and Visual C++ 6.0 for the development platform, and the main functions implemented through C++ programming. The system basically realizes the following functions such as network construction and management, simulation of animation for vehicle motion, traffic control simulation, data statistic and so on. Concrete contents are as following:
1. The urban microscopic traffic system simulator is developed with the object-oriented method and visualization technology. First, this paper introduces the traffic flow phenomena which is the basic theories of simulation, and the fuzzy control theory which is applied to the crossings control.
2. The investigation of urban microscopic traffic simulation on model system. Model system is the core content of urban microscopic traffic simulation system. The validity of model system decided the success or failure of urban microscopic traffic simulation system directly. The thesis mainly based on modeling and practicing system of microscopic traffic flow simulation in urban arterial. First of all, we have established models of microscopic traffic flow, such as : network model, car-generation model, car-following model, signal control model, event responding model, etc. Then have programmed module of all models, and determined the method of system simulation.
3. A concrete simulation experiment is introduced in the paper, which tested the software functions and validated the software realization of the traffic participant algorithm and the fidelity of the traffic participant behaviors, and more the software is illustrated by examples for explanation of its actual use.
引文
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[39]马建明,荣建,任福田等信号交叉口微观仿真模型研究.计算机仿真,2001,18(4)
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[42] Zhi li Tian.Capacity Analysis of Traffic-Actuated Intersections.PhD thesis,Massachusetts Inst.of Tech.2002
[43]司庆华.城市交通微观仿真软件的设计和开发.西安交通大学硕士学位论文,2003
[44]靳文舟,张杰,郑英力.交通流模拟中的随机输入模型.华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2001,29(11):p92
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[2]白立岗.城市道路交叉口的交通流仿真研究.[硕士学位论文] .西安:长安大学,2004
[3]王永燊，路在何方．纵谈城市交通．北京：中国城市出版社，2002,(1):1
[4]王震远,冷传才.城市道路交通微观仿真研究.北京建筑工程学院学报,2002,18(4):86
[5]邹智军,杨东援.道路交通仿真研究综述.交通运输工程学报,2001,1(2):8
[6]周立军.城市交通微观仿真关键技术研究,[硕士学位论文] .吉林:吉林大学,2005
[7]僧德文,王红霞.水利工程三维可视化仿真技术与系统研究[J] .浙江水利水电专科学校学报,2006,3:122-124
[8]王英杰,袁堪省,李天文.交通GIS及其在ITS中的应用[M] .北京:中国铁道出版社,2004,10
[9]裴玉龙,张亚平等.道路交通系统仿真[M] .北京:人民教育出版社,2004,9
[10] Woottom,J.R,Garcia-Ortiz,A.Amin,S.M.IntelligentTransportationSystems:A Global Perspective [J].Mathematical and Computer Modelling,Volume:22,Issue:4-7,August 10,1995,pp.259-268
[11] Kadanoff,L.P,Excellence in compter simulation,Computing in Science&Engeering,2004,Vol 6:57-67
[12]魏晓东.城市轨道交通自动化系统与技术[M] .北京:电子工业出版社,2004,11
[13]邬永宏.三维重建技术的研究及其唉智能交通系统中的应用[D] .广州:中山大学,2004,7
[14]黄戈祥.智能交通管理系统[D] .合肥:中国科学技术大学,2005,7
[15]陆华普.智能运输系统[M] .北京:人民交通出版社.2004,9:58-59
[16]林勇,蔡远利,黄永宣.城市交通系统的微观仿真研究[J] .计算机工程与应用.2002,20:13-15
[17]毛保华,陈海波等.道路交通仿真技术与系统研究[J] .北方交通大学学报.2002,26(5):37-47
[18] Visser Aronud,Nagel Kai.Traffic simulation [J].Future Generation Computer Systens,Volume 17,Issue 5,March 2001,pp:625-626
[19] Athanasenas,A Traffic simulation models for rural road network management [J].transportion Research part E:Logistics and Transportation Review Volume:33,Issue:3,September,1997,pp:233-234
[20]李灵犀,高海军,王飞跃.两相邻路口交通信号的协调控制[J] .自动化学报,2003,29(6):947-952
[21]史忠科,黄辉先,曲仕茹等.交通控制系统导论[M] .北京:科学出版社,2003,65-69,102,121-123
[22]商蕾.城市交通微观仿真及其应用[博士论文],武汉理工大学,2003
[23]宋厚冰,蔡远利.交通系统计算机仿真研究综述,计算机仿真,2004,Vol.21 NO.3,101-104
[24]李作敏.交通工程学(第二版)北京,人民交通出版社,2000
[25]张国伍,彭宏勤.智能交通系统工程导论[M]电子工业出版社,北京,2003,9
[26]杨佩昆,张树升.交通管理与控制[M] .北京:人民交通出版社,1997,12-136
[27]李江.交通工程学[M] .北京:人民交通出版社,2002,7
[28]尹宏宾,徐建闽.道路交通控制技术[M] .广州:华南理工大学出版社,2001,83-89
[29] Yang.Q,Koutsopoulos,H.N,A Microscopic Traffic Simulator for Evaluation of Dynamic Traffic Management Systems.Transport.Res.PartC,1996,4(3),113-129
[30] Kai Nagel.Particle hopping models and traffic flow theory.1996
[31] Park,Byungkyu:Schneeberger,J.D.Microscopic Simulation Model Calibration and Validation:Case Study of Vissim Simulation Model for a Coordinated Actuated Signal System Transportation Research Record,n1856,2003,p:185-192
[32] Wang Paul T.R,Glassco,Richard A.Enhanced THOREAU traffic simulation for intelligent transportation systems(ITS).Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings,1995,p:1110-1115
[33]许伦辉,黄艳国.道路交通控制方法.江西理工大学机电工程学院,2005,9
[34]王磊等.模糊控制理论及其应用.国防工业出版社,1997
[35]徐冬岭,方建安,邵世煌.交通系统的模糊控制及其神经网络实现.信息与控制,1992(2):74-78
[36] Pappis C P,Mamdani E H.A Fuzzy Logic Controller for a Traffic Junction.IEEE Transactions on Systems,Man, and Cybernetics.1997,SMC-7(10):707-717
[37]陈洪,陈森发,徐吉谦.城市交通系统的两级分解-协调模糊控制.系统工程,1998(7):36-40
[38]伍建国.平面交叉口控制策略及仿真系统研究.[硕士学位论文] .西安:西安公路交通大学,2000
[39]马建明,荣建,任福田等信号交叉口微观仿真模型研究.计算机仿真,2001,18(4)
[40]何宁,杨涛,李朝阳等.信号交叉口延误及排队长度的实证研究和应用.公路交通科技.Vol 19,NO 5,2002
[41]陈炜,解安亮,胡思继.大规模城市交通仿真系统.系统仿真学报,2001,Vol.13 NO.6:831-833
[42] Zhi li Tian.Capacity Analysis of Traffic-Actuated Intersections.PhD thesis,Massachusetts Inst.of Tech.2002
[43]司庆华.城市交通微观仿真软件的设计和开发.西安交通大学硕士学位论文,2003
[44]靳文舟,张杰,郑英力.交通流模拟中的随机输入模型.华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2001,29(11):p92
[45] Burrell,J.E,Multipath route assignment and its application to capacity restraiant.In:Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on the Theory of Traffic Flow,Karlsruhe,Germany,1968,pp:210-219
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