木加工中心数控化改造
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摘要
我国现有大量的陈旧设备,根据我国各企业的实际经济情况把这些性能落后、生产率低的旧设备全部闲置或淘汰,用新的设备去取代,是不现实的。因此,根据旧设备的实际状态情况采用较少的资金对旧设备进行数控化改造,使其达到新设备的性能就显得尤为重要和突出,从长远来看我国的机床数控化改造工作有着良好的发展空间,是一项非常有发展前景的工作,所以为了尽快提高我国加工设备的总体水平,缩小和发达国家的差距,加快我国的机床数控化改造的前进步伐已经成为当务之急。
在对我公司老旧的木加工设备进行全面评价后,认为该设备传动部分的机械精度尚好,只是电气部分的缺陷比较多,因此决定对其进行技术改造,保留其机械结构,增加自动刀具更换系统,重新设计电气控制部分。
改造后的木加工中心机操做方便、性能可靠,加工精度高、易于维修,达到目前生产的出厂设备精度,使我们能用较少的投资获得较大的回报,为公司节约了大量的资金。同时,也积累了设备改造的经验,为其它老旧设备的改造提供了可靠的理论和实践依据
Numerical control equipment is advanced production and process equipment, which can improve production efficiency availably. The numerical control rate of machine is the important symbol of evaluating machine industry development level of a country. In recent years, the development of the numerical control equipment become more and more quick. However, there are certain disparities in the field of machine-building level between China and some developed countries. So it is important to increases the proportion of the numerical control machine in our country’s machine industry. Two methods are used in order to improve the numerical control rate of the machine in our country: the main method is to purchases new numerical control equipments; another method is to disposes and updates the numerical control system, and reconstructs the aging equipment in order to improve the rate of numerical control. According to the actual economic situation of Chinese enterprises, it is unrealistic to leave unused or wash out the aging equipments of draggled performances and low productivity and replace with the new equipments. Therefore it is very important to reconstruct the aging equipments, based on their actual situations, and ensure they have the same performances as the same as the new equipments at lower expense. In order to improve the collective machining equipment level of our country as soon as possible, the urgent affairs is to speed up the numerical control reconstruction of machine. From the long view, the machine numerical control reconstruction in our country has too much room to improve.
The article takes the numerical control reconstruction of an aging wood machining center as an example, the wood machining center has aging performances and low efficiency. Theoretical analysis and practical studies of the whole control process of numerical control equipments and the selection, design and arrangement of hardware and software will be described. In the end, the control system, servo drive system, auto tool change system of numerical control wood machining center is designed; the relative control procedure is programmed; the circuit diagram is plotted through a great deal analysis and studies, which satisfied the requirement of independent construction of numerical control machine.
Firstly, the article reviews the development and present situation of domestic and international numerical control machine, and explain the development situations of domestic and international numerical control machine reconstruction. Simultaneously, article states that the open computer numerical control system has the characteristics of flexibility, convenience and low costs, and has already become current developing direction. So, the control system described in this article is the open computer numerical control system of Windows 4.0 as service platform, has the structure of NC imbedded in PC and consists of industry control computer and open motion control board. Motion control board is 2 axle control boards of DSP technology. Besides, the theories of motion control board, hardware, software and the principles of parameter selection, designs and draws the corresponding diagram circuit are also described in this article.
For the servo drive system and auto tool change system, this article introduces the principles and advantages of AC servo driver and brushless DC drive. The Panasonic AC servo drive system is selected according to the actual conditions, the principles of hardware and software selection and design and the best matching parameters are also described in this article. This article also optimize the design of auto tool change system, interference rejection system and operation of the equipment and describe the operation of the equipment.
The test circuit is built based on the experience accumulated in the past, and the optimized configuration from a great number of tests by adjusting the circuit parameters as well as on the basis theoretical analysis. The test result indicates that all design indexes reach anticipated values.
在对我公司老旧的木加工设备进行全面评价后,认为该设备传动部分的机械精度尚好,只是电气部分的缺陷比较多,因此决定对其进行技术改造,保留其机械结构,增加自动刀具更换系统,重新设计电气控制部分。
改造后的木加工中心机操做方便、性能可靠,加工精度高、易于维修,达到目前生产的出厂设备精度,使我们能用较少的投资获得较大的回报,为公司节约了大量的资金。同时,也积累了设备改造的经验,为其它老旧设备的改造提供了可靠的理论和实践依据
Numerical control equipment is advanced production and process equipment, which can improve production efficiency availably. The numerical control rate of machine is the important symbol of evaluating machine industry development level of a country. In recent years, the development of the numerical control equipment become more and more quick. However, there are certain disparities in the field of machine-building level between China and some developed countries. So it is important to increases the proportion of the numerical control machine in our country’s machine industry. Two methods are used in order to improve the numerical control rate of the machine in our country: the main method is to purchases new numerical control equipments; another method is to disposes and updates the numerical control system, and reconstructs the aging equipment in order to improve the rate of numerical control. According to the actual economic situation of Chinese enterprises, it is unrealistic to leave unused or wash out the aging equipments of draggled performances and low productivity and replace with the new equipments. Therefore it is very important to reconstruct the aging equipments, based on their actual situations, and ensure they have the same performances as the same as the new equipments at lower expense. In order to improve the collective machining equipment level of our country as soon as possible, the urgent affairs is to speed up the numerical control reconstruction of machine. From the long view, the machine numerical control reconstruction in our country has too much room to improve.
The article takes the numerical control reconstruction of an aging wood machining center as an example, the wood machining center has aging performances and low efficiency. Theoretical analysis and practical studies of the whole control process of numerical control equipments and the selection, design and arrangement of hardware and software will be described. In the end, the control system, servo drive system, auto tool change system of numerical control wood machining center is designed; the relative control procedure is programmed; the circuit diagram is plotted through a great deal analysis and studies, which satisfied the requirement of independent construction of numerical control machine.
Firstly, the article reviews the development and present situation of domestic and international numerical control machine, and explain the development situations of domestic and international numerical control machine reconstruction. Simultaneously, article states that the open computer numerical control system has the characteristics of flexibility, convenience and low costs, and has already become current developing direction. So, the control system described in this article is the open computer numerical control system of Windows 4.0 as service platform, has the structure of NC imbedded in PC and consists of industry control computer and open motion control board. Motion control board is 2 axle control boards of DSP technology. Besides, the theories of motion control board, hardware, software and the principles of parameter selection, designs and draws the corresponding diagram circuit are also described in this article.
For the servo drive system and auto tool change system, this article introduces the principles and advantages of AC servo driver and brushless DC drive. The Panasonic AC servo drive system is selected according to the actual conditions, the principles of hardware and software selection and design and the best matching parameters are also described in this article. This article also optimize the design of auto tool change system, interference rejection system and operation of the equipment and describe the operation of the equipment.
The test circuit is built based on the experience accumulated in the past, and the optimized configuration from a great number of tests by adjusting the circuit parameters as well as on the basis theoretical analysis. The test result indicates that all design indexes reach anticipated values.
引文
1.王爱玲、张吉堂、吴雁.现代数控原理及控制系统.国防工业出版社
2.何克忠、李伟.计算机控制系统.清华大学出版社
3.崔州平、刘海星、郭成操.数控机床原理.科学出版社
4.李伯成、裘学红、王军.16/32 微型计算机应用手册.电子工业出版社
5.郗志刚、周宏甫.运动控制器的发展与现状.电气传动自动化,2005,(03)
6.陈伯时、陈敏逊.交流调速系统.机械工业出版社
7.邵丙衡.电力电子技术.中国铁道出版社
8.林奕鸿.机床数控技术及其应用.机械工业出版社
9.戴梅萼.微型计算机技术及应用.清华大学出版社
10.白恩远、王俊元、孙爱国.现代数控机床伺服及检测技术.国防工业出版社
11.阳宪惠.现场总线技术及其应用.清华大学出版社
12.全数字式交流伺服驱动操做手册.PANSONIC COP
13.MINI-PMAC.HARDWARE MANUAL.DELTA TAU COP
14.PMAC MANUAL.DELTA TAU COP
15.PMAC Programmable Multi-Axis Controller.DELTA TAU COP
16.陈平信.西门子双控制系统在数控设备改造中的应用.设备管理与维修,2007,(03)
17.于恩.浅谈机床改造中数控系统的选择恩施职业技术学院学报,2006,(02)
18.朱德荣、任德志、李高峰.数控改造的特点及其实施.矿山机械,2004,(03)
19.尚翠平.浅析普通机床的数控改造.科技情报开发与经济,2004,(12)
20.张欣波、辛艳东、张风雷.机床改造的一个新途径.机电新产品导报,2004,(03)
21.M.Y. Huo; J.Q. Xu; J.H. Zhang Development of PMAC-Based Multifunctional Combined CNC Machine.Materials Science Forum 2004
22.吴宝萍、范四立、叶静.浅谈旧机床数控化改造.中国设备工程,2003,(06)
23.李铁军、张淑敏.PLC 在数控机床电气控制方面的应用.机械工程师,2005,(09)
24.赵中敏.机床的数控化改造及其未来发展趋势.机床电器,2006,(02)
25.蔡燕琴.数控系统的发展方向.机械制造与自动化,2006,(01)
26.陈志辉、周华.对数控系统中的抗干扰技术的分析与研究[A].2005 亚洲国际过程自动化技术与装备展览会论文集[C],2005
27.林胜、林春庭.高速数控机床现状和发展趋势.精密制造与自动化,2004,(01)
28.赵江海、梁楚华.数控机床的硬件改造与软件优化.机械研究与应用,2004,(02)
29.郝敬思、王志民.中国数控机床的现状及发展趋势.机械工人.冷加工,2004,(03)
30.王令其、屈波.开放式结构的机床数控系统机床与液压,2001,(06)
31.胡兴军、屈平.我国数控机床产业发展现状综述.世界机电经贸信息,2004,(03)
32.吴玉厚、潘振宁、张珂、高玉山.PMAC 控制器中 PID 调节的应用.沈阳建筑工程学院学报(自然科学版),2004,(02)
33.何修富.机床数控系统的发展方向——开放式智能化.机械制造与自动化,2005,(04)
34.蔡静之、卢胜利、王福平、赵虎、祝玲.机床改造中的可靠性设计.机床与液压,2004,(08)
35.刘有奇、王廷琪.机床的安全保护——机床改造中不可忽视的重要内容.现代制造,2003,(25)
36.钱自焕.数控机床改造技术与实例.装备维修技术,1999 年 Z1 期
37.臧增刚.浅谈变频器的使用.农业机械化与电气化,2005,(04)
38.张志刚、崔兴旺.变频器使用中应注意的问题.科技信息(科学教研),2007,(11)
39.吴大卫.基于开放式运动控制器的数控系统的硬件设计.组合机床与自动化加工技术,2006,(12)
40.白海清、彭玉海、何宁.基于 PMAC 的数控系统软件开发研究.机床与液压,2007,( 02)
41.黎凌霄、吕强中.一种开放性结构的基于 PC 的可编程多轴控制器(PMAC).机电一体化,2002,(01) .
42.李素斌.数控机床制造技术的进步与发展.装备制造技术,2007,(11) .
43.刘恒娟.基于 PMAC 的开放式数控系统的研制.组合机床与自动化加工技术,2004,(10)
44.王隆太、李吉中、李雪峰、张强.基于 PMAC 开放式数控系统的开发研究.扬州大学学报(自然科学版),2003,(02)
45.黄俊.半导体变流技术.机械工业出版社
46.张敬毅、倪俊霞.数控加工中心刀库计数问题的一个解决方案.机床电器,2000,(03)
47.缩短加工时间.气动技术在数控机床中的应用.现代制造,2007,(10)
48.曹秋霞.小型立式加工中心无机械手自动换刀装置的设计.机床与液压 2006,(09)
49.赵云龙、蒋晓阳、夏田.加工中心 ATC 工作过程及编程分析.机床与液压,2006,(07)
50.邱焜城.刀库之发展趋势与未来展望.制造技术与机床,2007,(04)
2.何克忠、李伟.计算机控制系统.清华大学出版社
3.崔州平、刘海星、郭成操.数控机床原理.科学出版社
4.李伯成、裘学红、王军.16/32 微型计算机应用手册.电子工业出版社
5.郗志刚、周宏甫.运动控制器的发展与现状.电气传动自动化,2005,(03)
6.陈伯时、陈敏逊.交流调速系统.机械工业出版社
7.邵丙衡.电力电子技术.中国铁道出版社
8.林奕鸿.机床数控技术及其应用.机械工业出版社
9.戴梅萼.微型计算机技术及应用.清华大学出版社
10.白恩远、王俊元、孙爱国.现代数控机床伺服及检测技术.国防工业出版社
11.阳宪惠.现场总线技术及其应用.清华大学出版社
12.全数字式交流伺服驱动操做手册.PANSONIC COP
13.MINI-PMAC.HARDWARE MANUAL.DELTA TAU COP
14.PMAC MANUAL.DELTA TAU COP
15.PMAC Programmable Multi-Axis Controller.DELTA TAU COP
16.陈平信.西门子双控制系统在数控设备改造中的应用.设备管理与维修,2007,(03)
17.于恩.浅谈机床改造中数控系统的选择恩施职业技术学院学报,2006,(02)
18.朱德荣、任德志、李高峰.数控改造的特点及其实施.矿山机械,2004,(03)
19.尚翠平.浅析普通机床的数控改造.科技情报开发与经济,2004,(12)
20.张欣波、辛艳东、张风雷.机床改造的一个新途径.机电新产品导报,2004,(03)
21.M.Y. Huo; J.Q. Xu; J.H. Zhang Development of PMAC-Based Multifunctional Combined CNC Machine.Materials Science Forum 2004
22.吴宝萍、范四立、叶静.浅谈旧机床数控化改造.中国设备工程,2003,(06)
23.李铁军、张淑敏.PLC 在数控机床电气控制方面的应用.机械工程师,2005,(09)
24.赵中敏.机床的数控化改造及其未来发展趋势.机床电器,2006,(02)
25.蔡燕琴.数控系统的发展方向.机械制造与自动化,2006,(01)
26.陈志辉、周华.对数控系统中的抗干扰技术的分析与研究[A].2005 亚洲国际过程自动化技术与装备展览会论文集[C],2005
27.林胜、林春庭.高速数控机床现状和发展趋势.精密制造与自动化,2004,(01)
28.赵江海、梁楚华.数控机床的硬件改造与软件优化.机械研究与应用,2004,(02)
29.郝敬思、王志民.中国数控机床的现状及发展趋势.机械工人.冷加工,2004,(03)
30.王令其、屈波.开放式结构的机床数控系统机床与液压,2001,(06)
31.胡兴军、屈平.我国数控机床产业发展现状综述.世界机电经贸信息,2004,(03)
32.吴玉厚、潘振宁、张珂、高玉山.PMAC 控制器中 PID 调节的应用.沈阳建筑工程学院学报(自然科学版),2004,(02)
33.何修富.机床数控系统的发展方向——开放式智能化.机械制造与自动化,2005,(04)
34.蔡静之、卢胜利、王福平、赵虎、祝玲.机床改造中的可靠性设计.机床与液压,2004,(08)
35.刘有奇、王廷琪.机床的安全保护——机床改造中不可忽视的重要内容.现代制造,2003,(25)
36.钱自焕.数控机床改造技术与实例.装备维修技术,1999 年 Z1 期
37.臧增刚.浅谈变频器的使用.农业机械化与电气化,2005,(04)
38.张志刚、崔兴旺.变频器使用中应注意的问题.科技信息(科学教研),2007,(11)
39.吴大卫.基于开放式运动控制器的数控系统的硬件设计.组合机床与自动化加工技术,2006,(12)
40.白海清、彭玉海、何宁.基于 PMAC 的数控系统软件开发研究.机床与液压,2007,( 02)
41.黎凌霄、吕强中.一种开放性结构的基于 PC 的可编程多轴控制器(PMAC).机电一体化,2002,(01) .
42.李素斌.数控机床制造技术的进步与发展.装备制造技术,2007,(11) .
43.刘恒娟.基于 PMAC 的开放式数控系统的研制.组合机床与自动化加工技术,2004,(10)
44.王隆太、李吉中、李雪峰、张强.基于 PMAC 开放式数控系统的开发研究.扬州大学学报(自然科学版),2003,(02)
45.黄俊.半导体变流技术.机械工业出版社
46.张敬毅、倪俊霞.数控加工中心刀库计数问题的一个解决方案.机床电器,2000,(03)
47.缩短加工时间.气动技术在数控机床中的应用.现代制造,2007,(10)
48.曹秋霞.小型立式加工中心无机械手自动换刀装置的设计.机床与液压 2006,(09)
49.赵云龙、蒋晓阳、夏田.加工中心 ATC 工作过程及编程分析.机床与液压,2006,(07)
50.邱焜城.刀库之发展趋势与未来展望.制造技术与机床,2007,(04)