裂纹的交流电磁场检测与反演研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
本文探讨了交流电磁场检测技术(ACFM)起源、技术原理和研究现状,通过实验的方法测定了裂纹缺陷上方电磁场的分布情况。在建立ACFM数值模型时考虑了影响磁场的众多因素,并对ACFM的数值模型进行了理论验证,该模型可以对裂纹进行数据仿真计算。在对ACFM研究的基础上,探讨了电流的强度、频率、材料的磁导率和提离对检测磁场信号的影响,通过研究得出结论,交流电磁场检测技术与其它检测技术相比多种因素对ACFM检测结果均不敏感,这为产品的开发和应用奠定了基础,提供了依据。通过对大量不同尺寸的半椭圆形裂纹的模拟计算和实验结果相比较对模拟计算进行了实际验证。在大量检测数据的基础上得出裂纹上方磁场分布与裂纹尺寸形状之间关系的规律,以此规律为基础,采用查表和插值的方法,构造出裂纹尺寸的反演算法。最后本文借助于Bx磁场信号的畸变形状与裂纹形状之间的相似性,推出了工件二维表面裂纹形状的反演算法,该算法简单易行,并且克服了一般反演问题中常见的不适定问题。
This paper discusses the origion and theory of the alternating current field measurement and constructs numerical model through the numerical simulation method with the three-dimensional finite element analysing software ANSYS, which has stong ability in finite element analysis. At first,in order to get magnetic distribution in the vicinity of the any crack the general numerical model of ACFM is built using a low-frequency formulation software developed by ANSYS, which can obtain the with irregular shape. Then, in order to offer some suggestions on production design and use, the study on the effects due to lift-off, material properties , intensity and frequency of current on the measurements are discussed based on this model, which shows that, compared with the others testing methods, ACFM is not sensitive to the above factors. Through a large number of testing result semi-elliptical cracks,the rules of magnetic signals and crack size are concluded. Furthermore, an inversion algorism to evaluate the surface-breaking crack size is put forward based on above rules using the interpolating method. At last, the inversive algorism of 2-D surface crack shape reconstruction is put forward according to the similarity between spatial distributing of magnetic field and surface-breaking crack shape, which is simple and avoids the ill-posedness of general inversion problems.
引文
李大明.磁场的测量.北京:机械工业出版社,1993.12
    武新军,赵俊伟,康宜华等.钢丝绳缺陷检测综合传感器的研究.焦作工学院学报,1998;17(2):131—136
    汪良生,陈永福.水下交流磁场检测技术.中国海洋平台,1998;13(5、6):15—18
    吴前驱,贺潜源,丁伟.表面无损检测.北京:水利电力出版社,1991
    中国机械工程学会无损检测学会编.无损检测概论.北京:机械工业出版社,1993
    廖宁放,高稚允.BP神经网络用于函数逼近的最佳隐层结构.北京理工大学学报,1998;18(4):476—479
    李生田,刘志远.焊接结构现代无损检测技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2000. 4
    Raine, G.A, and Smith, N. NDT of on and off-shore oil and gas installations using the ACFM technique. Materials Evaluation, 1996, 54(4): 461-465
    Raine A, Laenen C. Applications using the alternating current field measurement(ACFM) technique, using ropes access. Insight , 2001, 43(5): 318-321
    谢德馨,姚缨英,白保东,李锦彪.三维涡流场的有限元分析.北京:机械工业出版社,2001
    Zhou J, Lewis A M.Thin-skin electromagnetic field around a rectangular conductor bar. J. Phys. D: Phys, 1994; 27: 419—425
    S.K.Burke, Crack depth measurement using eddy-current NDE, http://www.ndt.net
    Dover WD, Monahan C C. The measurement of surface breaking cracks by the electrical systems ACPD/ACFM. Fatigue& Fracture of Engineering
    
    
    Material & structure, 1994; 17(12): 1484—1492
    David,T. Operational experience with the ACFM inspection technique for subsea weld inspection. Environmental Engineering, 1994; 7(1): 9-13
    Zhou, J., Lugg, M. and Collins, R.. A non-uniform model for alternating current field measurement of fatigue cracks in metals. International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, 1999; 10(3): 221-236
    Nath S . DC and AC Potential Drop Methods---a Numerical Modeling Approach, Trends in NDE Science & Technology; Proceedings of the 14th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, New Delhi, 8-13 December 1996; l(1): 265 – 268
    陈建忠,史耀武.无损检测交变磁场测量法.无损检测,2001;23(3):96—99
    陈建忠,史耀武.表面裂纹的无损评价---交流磁场测量法.新技术新工艺,1998(3):20—21
    闫照文,李郎如,袁斌等.电磁场数值分析的新进展.微电机,2000;33(4):33—35
    David, T.Operational experience with the ACFM inspection technique for subsea weld inspection, Environmental Engineering. 1994, 7(1): 9-13
    程志光,高生,李琳.电气工程涡流问题的分析与验证.北京:高等教育出版社,2001.6
    M.P.Connolly, D.H.Michael, R.Collins. The inversion of surface potential measurements to determine crack size and shape. J.Appl.Phys, 1998; 64(5): 2638-2647
    唐磊,盛剑霓. .电磁无损评估的进展.无损检测,1999;21(7):307—309
    《美国无损检测手册》译审委员会译.美国无损检测手册:电磁卷.上海:上海世界图书出版公司,1999.10
    Dariush Mirshekar-Syahkal. 1–D Probe Array for ACFM Inspection of
    
    
    Large Metal Plates. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2002; 51(2): 374-382
    Alan Raine, Martin Lugg. Alternating current field measurement inspection technique. Sensor Review, 1999; 19(3): 207-213
    Lewis AM, Michael DH, Lugg MC, et al. Thin-skin electromagnetic fields around surface-breaking cracks in metals. Journal of Applied Physics, 1988; 64(8): 3777-84
    金惕若.空间磁场的测量.测控技术,2000;19(11):32—35
    Anton F P Van Patten.电子测量系统——理论与实践.第二版.北京:中国计量出版社,2000.11
    T.J.G, Webborn. Crack Depth Measurements Using Ac Potential Drop. Material Evaluation, 1983; 2: 156—159
    王维江,张俊霞.数据可视化研究的新进展.计算机时代,2002;5:4-6
    吴新杰,王师.径向基神经网络在层析成像中的应用.仪表技术与传感器,2000;3:35—37
    陈德智,赵玉清,盛剑霓等.基于场量分析的涡流无损检测技术.无损检测,1999; 21(6):241-244
    ANSYS,Inc.Theory Realease 5.7.2001
    ANSYS,Inc.ANSYS 5.7 Document.2001
    冯慈璋,马西奎.工程电磁场导论.北京:高等教育出版社,2000
    M·V·K·查利.史乃等译.电磁场问题的有限元解法.北京:科学出版社,1985
    王国强.使用工程数值模拟技术及其在ANSYS上的实践.西安:西北工业大学出版社,1999
    周理平.涡流无损评价的理论与实验方法.无损检测,1996;18(7):186-188
    唐兴轮,范群波,张朝晖.ANSYS工程应用教程——热与电磁学篇.北京:中国铁道出版社,2003
    D.A.劳塞尔,P.P.席尔凡斯特.电磁装置计算机辅助设计.北京:机
    
    
    械工业出版社,1989.5
    M.V.K.查利,P.P.席尔凡斯特.电磁场问题的有限元解法.北京:科学出版社,1985.3
    盛剑霓等.电磁场数值分析.北京:科学出版社,1984
    倪光正,钱秀英.电磁场数值计算.北京:高等教育出版社:1996.12
    许永兴.电磁场理论及计算.上海:同济大学出版社:1994.12
     梁灿杉 秦光戎 电磁学.北京:高等教育出版社,1980 ,473
    王洪明.结构钢手册.石家庄:河北科学技术出版社,1985
    任吉林,吴礼平,李林.涡流检测.北京:国防工业出版社,1985. 10
    毛振珑.磁场测量.北京:原子能出版社,1985.5
    郑丽娟,付宇明,白象忠.带有裂纹的金属薄板构件裂尖处电热应力的数值分析.机械工程学报,2002;38(3):90—93
    傅淑芳,朱仁益.地球物理反演问题.北京:地震出版社,1998
    白象忠,乔桂英,栾金雨.导电体内部裂纹止裂新法的实验研究.燕山大学学报,2000;24(4):352—355
    朱国强,刘士荣,俞金寿.支持向量机及其在函数逼近中的应用.华东理工大学学报,2002;28(5):555—560
    李海清,黄志尧等.软测量技术原理及应用.北京:化学工业出版社,2000.9
    胡阳,康宜华,卢文祥等.钢丝绳无损检测中的一些算法—信号的预处理和特征提取.无损检测,2000;22(11):483—488
    康宜华,武新军,杨叔子.磁性无损检测技术中的信号处理技术.无损检测,2000;22(6):255—259
    章毓晋.图像处理和分析.北京:清华大学出版社, 1999
    邱丽芳,周立华,彭志刚.径向基函数神经网络.湖南工业职业技术学院学报.2002:2(1):8—10
    谭云亮,王春秋.岩石本构关系的径向基函数神经网络快速逼近模型.岩土工程学报,2001;23(1):14—17

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700