高压变频器控制策略的研究
摘要
高压变频调速技术在大功率风机和水泵、以及轧钢工业等方面有着广阔的应用前景。在这些场合,高压变频调速的应用不仅可以节能,还可以显著改善电机运行性能。随着新型电力电子器件向高电压、大电流方向快速发展,多电平拓扑逆变器成为高压变频调速主电路的首选方案,主要包括以下内容:
文章介绍了高压变频器的各种拓扑结构,并详细研究了级联型高压变频器的拓扑结构,介绍了变频器中的主要部分:功率单元。为了提高高压变频器的可靠性,高压变频器采用了旁路设计。
本论文主要介绍了高压变频器的两种控制策略:SPWM控制技术和SVPWM控制技术,SPWM技术是通过对一系列脉冲的宽度进行调制,来等效地获得所需要的波形(含形状和幅值)。它与多电平逆变器拓扑结构的提出共生的,因为它不仅决定多电平逆变的实现与否,而且,对多电平逆变器的电压输出波形质量,电路中有源和无源器件的应力,系统损耗的减少与效率的提高都有直接的影响。接着介绍了SVPWM技术的基本原理和调制方法,在SVPWM技术和载波移相SPWM技术的基本方法的基础上,把空间矢量法中的连续对称开关调制方法(七段法)和零矢量交替等开关频率优化的几种方法运用到相移电压空间矢量当中,而且给出了具体的实现方法。
文章最后给出了高压变频器的硬件结构和所设计6KV-900KW功率单元级联型高压变频器的实验波形,其现场运行的各项指标均达到了预期目标。
High voltage AC drive systems have bright prospect in high power pumps and fans,rolling mill and so on, where using adjustable speed scheme can not only save energy greatly but also improve the dynamic performance of the motor. With the development of high-voltage and large-current device ,multilever-inverter becomes the most popular topology in high-voltage adjustable speed scheme. The main contents are shown follow:
This paper describes the various high-voltage converter topology, and a detailed study of Cascade High-voltage converter topology, introduced in the inverter main parts: power unit. In order to improve the reliability of high-voltage inverter, a high voltage inverter design of the bypass.
This paper introduced the two high-voltage inverter control strategy: SPWM SVPWM control technology and control technology, SPWM technology through a series of pulse width modulation, equivalent to access to the necessary waveforms (including the shape and amplitude ). With multi-level inverter topology of the proposed symbiotic, not only because it decided the multi-level inverter realize it or not, and the multi-level voltage inverter output waveform quality, active and non-circuit Sources of stress device, the system loss reduction and efficiency improvements have a direct impact. Then on the SVPWM with the fundamental principles and modulation methods, in SVPWM carrier phase-shifting technology and the basic method SPWM technology on the basis of the space vector in a row of symmetrical switch modulation methods (Qiduan Law) and, alternately, and other vector switch Optimization of the frequency of several methods used to phase shift voltage vector space, but also gives a specific method.
The article finally given the high voltage inverter and the hardware structure designed by 6 KV-900KW unit Cascade High-voltage power converter experimental waveforms, the running of the indicators have reached the target.
文章介绍了高压变频器的各种拓扑结构,并详细研究了级联型高压变频器的拓扑结构,介绍了变频器中的主要部分:功率单元。为了提高高压变频器的可靠性,高压变频器采用了旁路设计。
本论文主要介绍了高压变频器的两种控制策略:SPWM控制技术和SVPWM控制技术,SPWM技术是通过对一系列脉冲的宽度进行调制,来等效地获得所需要的波形(含形状和幅值)。它与多电平逆变器拓扑结构的提出共生的,因为它不仅决定多电平逆变的实现与否,而且,对多电平逆变器的电压输出波形质量,电路中有源和无源器件的应力,系统损耗的减少与效率的提高都有直接的影响。接着介绍了SVPWM技术的基本原理和调制方法,在SVPWM技术和载波移相SPWM技术的基本方法的基础上,把空间矢量法中的连续对称开关调制方法(七段法)和零矢量交替等开关频率优化的几种方法运用到相移电压空间矢量当中,而且给出了具体的实现方法。
文章最后给出了高压变频器的硬件结构和所设计6KV-900KW功率单元级联型高压变频器的实验波形,其现场运行的各项指标均达到了预期目标。
High voltage AC drive systems have bright prospect in high power pumps and fans,rolling mill and so on, where using adjustable speed scheme can not only save energy greatly but also improve the dynamic performance of the motor. With the development of high-voltage and large-current device ,multilever-inverter becomes the most popular topology in high-voltage adjustable speed scheme. The main contents are shown follow:
This paper describes the various high-voltage converter topology, and a detailed study of Cascade High-voltage converter topology, introduced in the inverter main parts: power unit. In order to improve the reliability of high-voltage inverter, a high voltage inverter design of the bypass.
This paper introduced the two high-voltage inverter control strategy: SPWM SVPWM control technology and control technology, SPWM technology through a series of pulse width modulation, equivalent to access to the necessary waveforms (including the shape and amplitude ). With multi-level inverter topology of the proposed symbiotic, not only because it decided the multi-level inverter realize it or not, and the multi-level voltage inverter output waveform quality, active and non-circuit Sources of stress device, the system loss reduction and efficiency improvements have a direct impact. Then on the SVPWM with the fundamental principles and modulation methods, in SVPWM carrier phase-shifting technology and the basic method SPWM technology on the basis of the space vector in a row of symmetrical switch modulation methods (Qiduan Law) and, alternately, and other vector switch Optimization of the frequency of several methods used to phase shift voltage vector space, but also gives a specific method.
The article finally given the high voltage inverter and the hardware structure designed by 6 KV-900KW unit Cascade High-voltage power converter experimental waveforms, the running of the indicators have reached the target.
引文
[1] 杨庆柏. 高压变频器的类型及其特点. 仪器仪表与分析监测,2001,(3):20
[2] 颜鲁敏. 中国变频器市场发展现状分析. 电气时代,2002,(11):31-33
[3] 李仕强,陆建国,周宇栋.高压变频器的发展及“高-低-高”变频器的应用.世界采矿快报,2000,(9):331-332
[4] 莫畏,黄兴华. 高压变频器的发展趋势. 电气时代,2003,(11):56-58
[5] 关振宏,孙晓玲,黄济荣. 级联多电平高压变频器脉宽调制方法的分析. 电气传动自动化,2004,(1):21-23
[6] 候玉成.完美无谐波变频器的原理[J],广西电力技术,1997,(3):P31-35。
[12] 杨庆柏.高压变频器的应用[J],电气时代,2003,(10):P86-88。
[7] 张蝉,童亦斌,金新民.IGCT 及其门极驱动电路研究[J],交流技术与电力牵引,2007,(10):P27-29。
[8] 秦强林.10KV 高压大功率变频器研制与测试,东方电气评论,2004,(3):P141-150。
[9] Wanmin Fei,Zhengyu Lu,Linghui Xia,Daozhou Jiang,Zhaolin Wu. “ High Insulation Multiple Output Switch Power Supply Used for Driving of IGBTs in Medium-High Voltage Inverter ” ,IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2003(30),pp1066-1069.
[10] Dusan M.Raonic. “ SCR Seif-Supplied Gate Driver for Medium-Voltage Application with Capacitor as Storage Element”, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2000,36(1)pp212-216.
[11] 刘晓蕾,毛承雄.长电缆对高压变频器输出影响的研究[J],船电技术,2003,(5):P29-33。
[10] 王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2002:150-169
[12] 李永东,高跃,侯轩.大容量多电平变换器 PWM 控制技术现状及进展.电力电子技术.2005,8(39):30-35
[13] 胡崇岳.现代交流调速技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1998:33-38
[14] 薄保中,刘卫国,罗兵.单元串联多电平逆变器 PWM 方法的分析与研究[J],电气传动,2005,34(1):P77-79。
[15] 杨雪清.高压变频器的应用.电气时代,2003(10):86-88
[16] 邵丙衡.电力电子技术.北京:中国铁道出版社,1992:44-49
[17] 刘凤君.正弦波逆变器. 北京:科学出版社,2002:11-28
[18] Bowes S.R,Davies T.“Microprocessor-based development system for PWMvariable-speed drives”, IEEE Trans on Ind Elect,1985,132(1):18-45。
[19] Jin-Sheng Lai,Fang Zheng peng.Multilevel Converter-A New Breed of Power Converters.IEEE Tran,on Industrial Applications,1996,32(3) :509-517
[20] 李庆扬,王能超,易大义.数值分析.清华大学出版社.2001.8
[21] 李 叶 松 . 高 性 能 全 数 字 交 流 感 应 电 机 驱 动 系 统 的 研 究 . 电 力 电 子 技术.2004,No.2
[22] 冯垛生,曾岳南,无速度传感器矢量控制原理与实践.北京:机械工业出版社,1997.
[23] 黄斌.异步电机直接矢量控制开发与转子电阻辨识方法研究.清华大学硕士学位论文,2004,6
[24] 张伟.无速度传感器异步电机矢量控制系统控制方法的研究.浙江大学博士学位论文 2001
[25] M.depenbrock.Direct self control of high dynamic performance of inverter feed ac machines.ETZ archive 1985,vol.7:211-218
[26] 张玉春.变频器无速度传感器矢量控制的分析.电力电子技术.2006.6
[27] 邱阿瑞,尹燕,王光辉,李永东.基于 DSP 的无速度传感器异步电机矢量控 制系统,清华大学学报(自然科学版)2001 年第 41 卷第 3 期
[28] 宫明玉,廖晓钟,冬雷.无速度传感器异步电机按定子磁链定向的矢量控制系 统.电气传动 2005,第 7 期
[29] 王文森.基于 PI 自适应的无速度传感器异步电机矢量控制系统.电工技术学报。2002.17(1):1~6
[30] J.Jiang,J.Holtz.Speed Sensor-less AC drive for high dynamic performance and steady state accuracy.IEEE Trans.Ind.Electron.1997,44(2):240-246
[31] Jansen,Patrick L;Lorenz,RobertD,Physically insightful approach to the design and accuracy assessment of flux observers for field oriented induction machine drive.IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications Jan-Feb 1994:945-952
[32] Hamid A.Toliyat,Emil Levi,and Mona Raina,”A Review of RFO Induction Motor Parameter Estimation Techniques,”IEEE Trans.Energy Conversion,2003,No.2: 271-282
[33] Wu Bin.New Integration Algorithms for Estimating Motor Flux over a Wide Speed Range.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.1998.13:969-977
[34] Nikola Celanovic,Dushan Boroyevich.A fast space-vector modulation Alorinthm formulti-level three-phase converter.IEEE transactionson industry applications. 2001.37(2):637-641.
[35] 薄保中、苏彦民、马学亮,多电平最优空间矢量 PWM 控制方法的研究.中国电机工程学报.2002,第 2 期:89-92
[36]J Rodriguez,L MoranC Silva,P Correa. A high performance vector control of a 11-level inverter .IEEE transactions on industry applications 2001,50(1):116-121
[37] 程汉湘、尹项根、王志华、陈少华,变频调速中的共模电压分析,电气传动.2002,第 6 期:3-8
[38] 王广柱,二极管箝位式多电平逆变器直流侧电容电压不平衡机理的研究,中国电机工程学报.2002,No12:111-117
[39] 薄保中,三电平逆变器中点电位波动控制方法的研究 .西安石油学院学报.2003,18(6):75-78
[40] 卫三民,刘丛伟,孙旭东,李发海.串联 H 桥多电平变频器中的功率平衡方法。电工技术学报,2003,18(1):369
[41] 舒为亮,张昌盛,段善旭,康勇.逆变电源 PI 双环数字控制技术研究.电工电能新技术,2005,No4:52-54
[42] Seung-Gi Jeong, Min-Ho Park. The Analysis and Compensation of Dead-Time Effects in PWM Inverters. IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, 1991,38(2):108-114.
[43] R.C. Dodson, P.D. Evans, H. Tabatabaei Yazdi, et al. Compensation for dead time degradation of PWM inverter Waveforms. IEE Proceedings,1990,137(2): 73-81.
[2] 颜鲁敏. 中国变频器市场发展现状分析. 电气时代,2002,(11):31-33
[3] 李仕强,陆建国,周宇栋.高压变频器的发展及“高-低-高”变频器的应用.世界采矿快报,2000,(9):331-332
[4] 莫畏,黄兴华. 高压变频器的发展趋势. 电气时代,2003,(11):56-58
[5] 关振宏,孙晓玲,黄济荣. 级联多电平高压变频器脉宽调制方法的分析. 电气传动自动化,2004,(1):21-23
[6] 候玉成.完美无谐波变频器的原理[J],广西电力技术,1997,(3):P31-35。
[12] 杨庆柏.高压变频器的应用[J],电气时代,2003,(10):P86-88。
[7] 张蝉,童亦斌,金新民.IGCT 及其门极驱动电路研究[J],交流技术与电力牵引,2007,(10):P27-29。
[8] 秦强林.10KV 高压大功率变频器研制与测试,东方电气评论,2004,(3):P141-150。
[9] Wanmin Fei,Zhengyu Lu,Linghui Xia,Daozhou Jiang,Zhaolin Wu. “ High Insulation Multiple Output Switch Power Supply Used for Driving of IGBTs in Medium-High Voltage Inverter ” ,IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2003(30),pp1066-1069.
[10] Dusan M.Raonic. “ SCR Seif-Supplied Gate Driver for Medium-Voltage Application with Capacitor as Storage Element”, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2000,36(1)pp212-216.
[11] 刘晓蕾,毛承雄.长电缆对高压变频器输出影响的研究[J],船电技术,2003,(5):P29-33。
[10] 王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2002:150-169
[12] 李永东,高跃,侯轩.大容量多电平变换器 PWM 控制技术现状及进展.电力电子技术.2005,8(39):30-35
[13] 胡崇岳.现代交流调速技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1998:33-38
[14] 薄保中,刘卫国,罗兵.单元串联多电平逆变器 PWM 方法的分析与研究[J],电气传动,2005,34(1):P77-79。
[15] 杨雪清.高压变频器的应用.电气时代,2003(10):86-88
[16] 邵丙衡.电力电子技术.北京:中国铁道出版社,1992:44-49
[17] 刘凤君.正弦波逆变器. 北京:科学出版社,2002:11-28
[18] Bowes S.R,Davies T.“Microprocessor-based development system for PWMvariable-speed drives”, IEEE Trans on Ind Elect,1985,132(1):18-45。
[19] Jin-Sheng Lai,Fang Zheng peng.Multilevel Converter-A New Breed of Power Converters.IEEE Tran,on Industrial Applications,1996,32(3) :509-517
[20] 李庆扬,王能超,易大义.数值分析.清华大学出版社.2001.8
[21] 李 叶 松 . 高 性 能 全 数 字 交 流 感 应 电 机 驱 动 系 统 的 研 究 . 电 力 电 子 技术.2004,No.2
[22] 冯垛生,曾岳南,无速度传感器矢量控制原理与实践.北京:机械工业出版社,1997.
[23] 黄斌.异步电机直接矢量控制开发与转子电阻辨识方法研究.清华大学硕士学位论文,2004,6
[24] 张伟.无速度传感器异步电机矢量控制系统控制方法的研究.浙江大学博士学位论文 2001
[25] M.depenbrock.Direct self control of high dynamic performance of inverter feed ac machines.ETZ archive 1985,vol.7:211-218
[26] 张玉春.变频器无速度传感器矢量控制的分析.电力电子技术.2006.6
[27] 邱阿瑞,尹燕,王光辉,李永东.基于 DSP 的无速度传感器异步电机矢量控 制系统,清华大学学报(自然科学版)2001 年第 41 卷第 3 期
[28] 宫明玉,廖晓钟,冬雷.无速度传感器异步电机按定子磁链定向的矢量控制系 统.电气传动 2005,第 7 期
[29] 王文森.基于 PI 自适应的无速度传感器异步电机矢量控制系统.电工技术学报。2002.17(1):1~6
[30] J.Jiang,J.Holtz.Speed Sensor-less AC drive for high dynamic performance and steady state accuracy.IEEE Trans.Ind.Electron.1997,44(2):240-246
[31] Jansen,Patrick L;Lorenz,RobertD,Physically insightful approach to the design and accuracy assessment of flux observers for field oriented induction machine drive.IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications Jan-Feb 1994:945-952
[32] Hamid A.Toliyat,Emil Levi,and Mona Raina,”A Review of RFO Induction Motor Parameter Estimation Techniques,”IEEE Trans.Energy Conversion,2003,No.2: 271-282
[33] Wu Bin.New Integration Algorithms for Estimating Motor Flux over a Wide Speed Range.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.1998.13:969-977
[34] Nikola Celanovic,Dushan Boroyevich.A fast space-vector modulation Alorinthm formulti-level three-phase converter.IEEE transactionson industry applications. 2001.37(2):637-641.
[35] 薄保中、苏彦民、马学亮,多电平最优空间矢量 PWM 控制方法的研究.中国电机工程学报.2002,第 2 期:89-92
[36]J Rodriguez,L MoranC Silva,P Correa. A high performance vector control of a 11-level inverter .IEEE transactions on industry applications 2001,50(1):116-121
[37] 程汉湘、尹项根、王志华、陈少华,变频调速中的共模电压分析,电气传动.2002,第 6 期:3-8
[38] 王广柱,二极管箝位式多电平逆变器直流侧电容电压不平衡机理的研究,中国电机工程学报.2002,No12:111-117
[39] 薄保中,三电平逆变器中点电位波动控制方法的研究 .西安石油学院学报.2003,18(6):75-78
[40] 卫三民,刘丛伟,孙旭东,李发海.串联 H 桥多电平变频器中的功率平衡方法。电工技术学报,2003,18(1):369
[41] 舒为亮,张昌盛,段善旭,康勇.逆变电源 PI 双环数字控制技术研究.电工电能新技术,2005,No4:52-54
[42] Seung-Gi Jeong, Min-Ho Park. The Analysis and Compensation of Dead-Time Effects in PWM Inverters. IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, 1991,38(2):108-114.
[43] R.C. Dodson, P.D. Evans, H. Tabatabaei Yazdi, et al. Compensation for dead time degradation of PWM inverter Waveforms. IEE Proceedings,1990,137(2): 73-81.