基于SOPC的变频控制器IP核的研究
摘要
以可编程片上系统SOPC(System On a Programmable Chip)为核心的电子产品,是近几年集成电路中发展最快的产品。随着SOPC性能的高速发展和设计人员自身能力的提高,SOPC进一步扩大适用领域,将复杂专用芯片推向高端和超复杂应用。另外,随着能源、环保等问题的日益突出,节能效果显著的变频器市场规模日益扩大,但国内的变频器目前仅占据25%左右的市场份额。运用SOPC技术开发核心控制芯片,是改变这一现状的有效措施之一。
本文基于FPGA解决方案的SOPC,实现对SPWM变频控制器IP核的研究。文中首先对变频调速的基本原理以及变频控制技术中的正弦脉宽调制(SPWM)相关内容进行研究,在深入研究SPWM控制原理、各种SPWM的实现算法以及SPWM模式的优化方法的基础上,给出本文SPWM的实现方法。然后具体介绍SOPC系统的设计与实现方法,最后在QUARTUS II开发软件中,综合VHDL硬件描述语言以及宏功能模块的设计方法,采用数字化自然采样法,实现变频控制器IP核的设计,并对IP核的部分功能进行时序仿真验证。文中,对如何实现变频控制器IP核的设计,进行详细的阐述。
为验证本文变频器IP核的设计方法的可行性,最后以ACEX1K系列的FPGA/SOPC开发板为实验测试平台,对IP核进行测试。通过对测试结果的分析,进一步验证采用本文的方法来设计变频器IP核的有效性和可行性。该IP核的设计完全可以满足电机驱动和逆变电源的要求,其中开关频率,死区时间等参数可以进行修改,IP核可移植性好,稍加优化改进后,可应用到交流电机驱动控制系统中。
Electronic products using SOPC as cores are the fastest growing integrated circuit product recent years. With the rapid development of SOPC capability and the improvement of designers’ability, SOPC further expand the fields of application, and complex ASIC will be dedicated to high-end and ultra-complex applications. In addition, as energy, environmental protection and other issues have become increasingly prominent, energy-saving significant inverter is expanding the size of the market, but domestic inverter currently only occupy about 25 percent market share. Using SOPC to develop control core chip is one of the effective measures to change the status.
The paper is to achieve the research of SPWM inverter IP core based on SOPC. Firstly, the basic principles of frequency control technology and the contents relating to SPWM are studied. Based on in-depth study SPWM control principle, the realization of various SPWM algorithms and the optimization method SPWM model, the realization of SPWM in this paper is given. Then, the design and the realization method of SOPC are introduced specifically. Lastly, under the QUARTUS II software environment, using VHDL and macro functions module design method, and using the digital natural sampling, the design of the inverter IP core is achieved. Some functions of the IP core are simulated by timing. In this paper, how to achieve the design of the inverter IP core will be described detailed.
To verify the feasibility of the design method of this inverter IP core, the ACEX1K series of FPGA/SOPC development board as the experimental test platform is used to test the IP core. The analysis of the test results further validate the validity and feasibility of the method used to design this inverter IP core. The design of the IP core is fully satisfied with the requirements of the motor drive and the inverter power source, and the switching frequency, the dead time, and other parameters can be modified. This IP core has good portability, and can be applied to the AC motor drive control system after a little improvement and optimization.
本文基于FPGA解决方案的SOPC,实现对SPWM变频控制器IP核的研究。文中首先对变频调速的基本原理以及变频控制技术中的正弦脉宽调制(SPWM)相关内容进行研究,在深入研究SPWM控制原理、各种SPWM的实现算法以及SPWM模式的优化方法的基础上,给出本文SPWM的实现方法。然后具体介绍SOPC系统的设计与实现方法,最后在QUARTUS II开发软件中,综合VHDL硬件描述语言以及宏功能模块的设计方法,采用数字化自然采样法,实现变频控制器IP核的设计,并对IP核的部分功能进行时序仿真验证。文中,对如何实现变频控制器IP核的设计,进行详细的阐述。
为验证本文变频器IP核的设计方法的可行性,最后以ACEX1K系列的FPGA/SOPC开发板为实验测试平台,对IP核进行测试。通过对测试结果的分析,进一步验证采用本文的方法来设计变频器IP核的有效性和可行性。该IP核的设计完全可以满足电机驱动和逆变电源的要求,其中开关频率,死区时间等参数可以进行修改,IP核可移植性好,稍加优化改进后,可应用到交流电机驱动控制系统中。
Electronic products using SOPC as cores are the fastest growing integrated circuit product recent years. With the rapid development of SOPC capability and the improvement of designers’ability, SOPC further expand the fields of application, and complex ASIC will be dedicated to high-end and ultra-complex applications. In addition, as energy, environmental protection and other issues have become increasingly prominent, energy-saving significant inverter is expanding the size of the market, but domestic inverter currently only occupy about 25 percent market share. Using SOPC to develop control core chip is one of the effective measures to change the status.
The paper is to achieve the research of SPWM inverter IP core based on SOPC. Firstly, the basic principles of frequency control technology and the contents relating to SPWM are studied. Based on in-depth study SPWM control principle, the realization of various SPWM algorithms and the optimization method SPWM model, the realization of SPWM in this paper is given. Then, the design and the realization method of SOPC are introduced specifically. Lastly, under the QUARTUS II software environment, using VHDL and macro functions module design method, and using the digital natural sampling, the design of the inverter IP core is achieved. Some functions of the IP core are simulated by timing. In this paper, how to achieve the design of the inverter IP core will be described detailed.
To verify the feasibility of the design method of this inverter IP core, the ACEX1K series of FPGA/SOPC development board as the experimental test platform is used to test the IP core. The analysis of the test results further validate the validity and feasibility of the method used to design this inverter IP core. The design of the IP core is fully satisfied with the requirements of the motor drive and the inverter power source, and the switching frequency, the dead time, and other parameters can be modified. This IP core has good portability, and can be applied to the AC motor drive control system after a little improvement and optimization.
引文
[1] 潘松,王国栋.基于 EDA 技术的 CPLD/FPGA 应用前景[J].电子与自动化,1999,(3):3-6
[2] 罗朝霞,高书莉.CPLD/FPGA 设计及应用[M].北京:人民邮电出片社,2007
[3] 柯赓.PLD 与 SOPC 系统设计技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2006
[4] 潘松,黄继业,曾毓敏.SOPC 技术实用教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[5] D. J. Kinniment,E. Kappos. Experience of the use of ASIC methods in a motor control application[C]. The 4th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications,Sep. 1993,Vol.5,Page(s):458-463
[6] E. Kappos,D. J. Kinniment. Design of an integrated circuit controller for brushless DC drives[C]. The 4th International Conference on Power Electronics and Variable-Speed Drives,Jul. 1990,Page(s):336-341
[7] Ying-Yu Tzou,Tien-Sung Kuo. Design and Implementation of an FPGA-based motor control IC for permanent magnet AC Servo Motors[C]. The 23rd International Conference on Industrial Electronics,Control and Instrumentation,Nov. 1997,Vol.2,Page(s):943-947
[8] E. B. Patterson,D. Morley,C. G. Oswald,P. G. Holmes. Total digital ASIC control for an induction motor drive[C]. IEE Colloquium on ASIC Technology for Power Electronics Equipment,Feb. 1992,Vol.2,Page(s):1-4
[9] P. Poure,F. Aubepart,F. Braun. A design methodology for hardware prototyping of integrated AC drive control:application to direct torque control of an induction machine[C]. Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Rapid System Prototyping,Jun. 2000,Page(s):90-95
[10] H. W. Van der Broeck,H. C. Skudelny,G. V. Stanke. Analysis and realization of a pulsewidth modulator based on voltage space vectors[C]. IEEE Transaction on Industry Applications,Jan/Feb. 1988,Vol.24,Page(s):142-150
[11] M. Cirstea,A. Aounis,M. McCormick,P. Urwin. Vector control system design and analysis using VHDL[for induction motors][C]. Power Electronics Specialists Confer- ence,IEEE 32nd Annual,2001,Vol.1,Page(s):81-84
[12] E. G. Chester,D. J. Kinniment. Techniques for ASIC implementation of vector control[C]. Computers and Digital Techniques,IEE Proceedings,Sep. 1995,Vol.142,Page(s):318-324
[13] Se Jin Kim,Ho Jae Lee,Sang Koon Kim,Young Ahn Kwon. ASIC design for DTC based speed control of induction motor[C]. IEEE International Symposium on IndustrialElectronics,2001,Vol.2,Page(s):956-961
[14] Leeser Miriam E.,Matulis Karen. Adaptive motor control with reconfigurable logic[C]. Proceedings SPIE of the International Society for Optical Engineering,Sep. 1999,Vol.3884,Page(s):122-128
[15] M. Cristea,A. Dinu,M. McCormick,D. Nicula. A VHDL success story:electric drive system using neural controller[C]. Proceedings of VHDL International Users Forum Fall Workshop,2000,Page(s):118-122
[16] 许强.基于 FPGA 的三相 PWM 发生器[J].电子技术应用,2001,27(1):73-74
[17] 龚向东.一个用可编程门阵列实现的 SPWM 波形发生器[J].南昌大学学报(理科版),1996,20(4):345-349
[18] 熊秉义,孙奉娄.一种基于 CPLD 的脉宽可调的 PWM 信号发生器[J].中央民族学院学报(自然科学版),2001,20(3):9-11
[19] 李华德.交流调速控制系统[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.3
[20] 李永东.交流电机数字控制系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.4
[21] 陈国呈.PWM 变频调速技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[22] 吴守箴,戚英杰.电气传动的脉宽调制控制技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000,69-72
[23] 陈坚.电力电子学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002
[24] 黄俊,王兆安.电力电子变流技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1992
[25] 胡淑艳.可编程逻辑器件在电力电子控制技术中的应用[D].北京:华北电力大学硕士学位论文,2002,7-13
[26] 谭建成.电机控制专用集成电路[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1997
[27] 何耀三等.电气传动的微机控制[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,1997
[28] 赵异波,何湘宁.电力电子电路的数字化控制技术[J].电源技术应用,2002,11(5):557-559
[29] 谢力华,苏彦民.正弦波逆变电源的数字控制技术[J].电力电子技术,2001,35(6):52-60
[30] 毛惠丰,陈增禄,施杰.基于数字自然采样法的 SPWM 波形生成研究[J].电力电子技术,2003,37(6):76-78
[31] 王炜,苏兰欣,郑易.基于 SOPC 的 SPWM 波形的实现[J].天津工业大学学报,2006,25(4):57-62
[32] 李兰英等.NIOS II 嵌入式软核 SOPC 设计原理及应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.11
[33] 董代洁,郭怀理,曹春雨.基于 FPGA 的可编程 SOC 设计[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006
[34] 章智慧,白瑞林,沈宪明.面向 SOPC Builder 的用户自定义 IP 核开发[J].自动化仪表,2006,27(9):23-26
[35] 刘智平.基于可编程片上系统(SOPC)的变频控制器集成化研究[D].华南理工大学硕士学位论文,2007,30-32
[36] 杨小豹.基于 FPGA 的变频调速控制系统设计与实现[D].华侨大学硕士学位论文,2006,26-28
[37] 林敏.VHDL 数字系统设计与高层次综合[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002.1
[38] 潘松,黄继业.EDA 技术与 VHDL[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[39] 边计年,薛宏熙.VHDL 设计电子线路[M].清华大学出版社,2008.8
[40] 曾繁泰,陈美金.VHDL 程序设计[M].清华大学出版社,2001.1
[41] 李军徽.基于 FPGA 的 SPWM 数字化自然采样脉冲发生器的研究[D].东北电力大学硕士学位论文,2006,25-33
[42] 刘风君.正弦波逆变器[M].科学出版社,2002
[43] http://www.altera.com
[44] http://www.edacn.net
[45] 吴洪洋,何湘宁.级联型多电平变换器 PWM 控制方法的仿真研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2001,21(8):42-46
[46] 梁迎春,杜坤梅,李铁才.单芯片三相 SPWM 变频控制器的实现[J].信息技术,2003,27(12):11-13
[47] 刘永强.微机控制变频调速系统 SPWM 序列的一种新算法[J].电气传动,1998,(1):12-14
[48] 周媛,李铁才,杨贵杰.三相 SPWM 变频控制器通用 IP 核的研究[J].哈尔滨理工大学学报,2004,9(5):26-28
[49] 陈志云.高精度 SPWM 变频触发的恒压控制器硬件系统设计[D].电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2005,46-50
[50] 李芳勤,潘永俊,孙玉蛟.用现场可编程门阵列进行 VLSI 设计验证[J].长春邮电学院学报,2001,19(1):42-44
[2] 罗朝霞,高书莉.CPLD/FPGA 设计及应用[M].北京:人民邮电出片社,2007
[3] 柯赓.PLD 与 SOPC 系统设计技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2006
[4] 潘松,黄继业,曾毓敏.SOPC 技术实用教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[5] D. J. Kinniment,E. Kappos. Experience of the use of ASIC methods in a motor control application[C]. The 4th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications,Sep. 1993,Vol.5,Page(s):458-463
[6] E. Kappos,D. J. Kinniment. Design of an integrated circuit controller for brushless DC drives[C]. The 4th International Conference on Power Electronics and Variable-Speed Drives,Jul. 1990,Page(s):336-341
[7] Ying-Yu Tzou,Tien-Sung Kuo. Design and Implementation of an FPGA-based motor control IC for permanent magnet AC Servo Motors[C]. The 23rd International Conference on Industrial Electronics,Control and Instrumentation,Nov. 1997,Vol.2,Page(s):943-947
[8] E. B. Patterson,D. Morley,C. G. Oswald,P. G. Holmes. Total digital ASIC control for an induction motor drive[C]. IEE Colloquium on ASIC Technology for Power Electronics Equipment,Feb. 1992,Vol.2,Page(s):1-4
[9] P. Poure,F. Aubepart,F. Braun. A design methodology for hardware prototyping of integrated AC drive control:application to direct torque control of an induction machine[C]. Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Rapid System Prototyping,Jun. 2000,Page(s):90-95
[10] H. W. Van der Broeck,H. C. Skudelny,G. V. Stanke. Analysis and realization of a pulsewidth modulator based on voltage space vectors[C]. IEEE Transaction on Industry Applications,Jan/Feb. 1988,Vol.24,Page(s):142-150
[11] M. Cirstea,A. Aounis,M. McCormick,P. Urwin. Vector control system design and analysis using VHDL[for induction motors][C]. Power Electronics Specialists Confer- ence,IEEE 32nd Annual,2001,Vol.1,Page(s):81-84
[12] E. G. Chester,D. J. Kinniment. Techniques for ASIC implementation of vector control[C]. Computers and Digital Techniques,IEE Proceedings,Sep. 1995,Vol.142,Page(s):318-324
[13] Se Jin Kim,Ho Jae Lee,Sang Koon Kim,Young Ahn Kwon. ASIC design for DTC based speed control of induction motor[C]. IEEE International Symposium on IndustrialElectronics,2001,Vol.2,Page(s):956-961
[14] Leeser Miriam E.,Matulis Karen. Adaptive motor control with reconfigurable logic[C]. Proceedings SPIE of the International Society for Optical Engineering,Sep. 1999,Vol.3884,Page(s):122-128
[15] M. Cristea,A. Dinu,M. McCormick,D. Nicula. A VHDL success story:electric drive system using neural controller[C]. Proceedings of VHDL International Users Forum Fall Workshop,2000,Page(s):118-122
[16] 许强.基于 FPGA 的三相 PWM 发生器[J].电子技术应用,2001,27(1):73-74
[17] 龚向东.一个用可编程门阵列实现的 SPWM 波形发生器[J].南昌大学学报(理科版),1996,20(4):345-349
[18] 熊秉义,孙奉娄.一种基于 CPLD 的脉宽可调的 PWM 信号发生器[J].中央民族学院学报(自然科学版),2001,20(3):9-11
[19] 李华德.交流调速控制系统[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.3
[20] 李永东.交流电机数字控制系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.4
[21] 陈国呈.PWM 变频调速技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[22] 吴守箴,戚英杰.电气传动的脉宽调制控制技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000,69-72
[23] 陈坚.电力电子学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002
[24] 黄俊,王兆安.电力电子变流技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1992
[25] 胡淑艳.可编程逻辑器件在电力电子控制技术中的应用[D].北京:华北电力大学硕士学位论文,2002,7-13
[26] 谭建成.电机控制专用集成电路[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1997
[27] 何耀三等.电气传动的微机控制[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,1997
[28] 赵异波,何湘宁.电力电子电路的数字化控制技术[J].电源技术应用,2002,11(5):557-559
[29] 谢力华,苏彦民.正弦波逆变电源的数字控制技术[J].电力电子技术,2001,35(6):52-60
[30] 毛惠丰,陈增禄,施杰.基于数字自然采样法的 SPWM 波形生成研究[J].电力电子技术,2003,37(6):76-78
[31] 王炜,苏兰欣,郑易.基于 SOPC 的 SPWM 波形的实现[J].天津工业大学学报,2006,25(4):57-62
[32] 李兰英等.NIOS II 嵌入式软核 SOPC 设计原理及应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.11
[33] 董代洁,郭怀理,曹春雨.基于 FPGA 的可编程 SOC 设计[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006
[34] 章智慧,白瑞林,沈宪明.面向 SOPC Builder 的用户自定义 IP 核开发[J].自动化仪表,2006,27(9):23-26
[35] 刘智平.基于可编程片上系统(SOPC)的变频控制器集成化研究[D].华南理工大学硕士学位论文,2007,30-32
[36] 杨小豹.基于 FPGA 的变频调速控制系统设计与实现[D].华侨大学硕士学位论文,2006,26-28
[37] 林敏.VHDL 数字系统设计与高层次综合[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002.1
[38] 潘松,黄继业.EDA 技术与 VHDL[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[39] 边计年,薛宏熙.VHDL 设计电子线路[M].清华大学出版社,2008.8
[40] 曾繁泰,陈美金.VHDL 程序设计[M].清华大学出版社,2001.1
[41] 李军徽.基于 FPGA 的 SPWM 数字化自然采样脉冲发生器的研究[D].东北电力大学硕士学位论文,2006,25-33
[42] 刘风君.正弦波逆变器[M].科学出版社,2002
[43] http://www.altera.com
[44] http://www.edacn.net
[45] 吴洪洋,何湘宁.级联型多电平变换器 PWM 控制方法的仿真研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2001,21(8):42-46
[46] 梁迎春,杜坤梅,李铁才.单芯片三相 SPWM 变频控制器的实现[J].信息技术,2003,27(12):11-13
[47] 刘永强.微机控制变频调速系统 SPWM 序列的一种新算法[J].电气传动,1998,(1):12-14
[48] 周媛,李铁才,杨贵杰.三相 SPWM 变频控制器通用 IP 核的研究[J].哈尔滨理工大学学报,2004,9(5):26-28
[49] 陈志云.高精度 SPWM 变频触发的恒压控制器硬件系统设计[D].电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2005,46-50
[50] 李芳勤,潘永俊,孙玉蛟.用现场可编程门阵列进行 VLSI 设计验证[J].长春邮电学院学报,2001,19(1):42-44