智能交通系统（ITS）体系框架开发方法研究
摘要
如同许多大型系统分析一样，智能交通系统（ITS）作为一个涉及多领域、
多部门的复杂大系统，其构架分析也需要一定的理论方法作指导，以保证ITS内
容完整、逻辑清晰、结构紧密，为地方ITS规划、ITS标准制定、具体系统设计
等提供基础。鉴于上述意义及目前开发存在的问题，本论文从ITS体系框架开发
指导方法、开发步骤及关键点等方面进行研究，并探讨设计结构矩阵在物理系
统元素模块化中的应用。
针对指导体系框架开发的面向过程和面向对象两种方法，结合软件工程相
关知识，本论文就两者在ITS逻辑框架功能分解、物理框架系统模块化等方面的
应用特点进行具体分析，认为由不同的体系框架开发指导方法得到的ITS体系框
架在本质上差异不大，因此选择体系框架开发指导方法时可结合本论文中所列
两种方法特点、已有基础、开发人员知识背景等因素来确定。
本论文针对体系框架开发步骤及关键点进行分析，包括ITS体系框架内容的
确定、终端确定原则、构建逻辑框架需遵循的原则、逻辑框架到物理框架的转
化需遵循的原则、物理框架流分析等内容。其中，针对我国ITS体系框架第二版
提出的ITS应用系统，论文对其进行深入分析，认为应用系统作为与用户服务直
接相关的元素，使得体系框架在构成上形成闭循环，因此可在体系框架中增加
应用系统，使其内容臻于完善；论文认为在逻辑框架到物理框架转化时，应针
对实现同一逻辑功能的不同实现方式进行比较评价，为ITS系统模块化提供支
持，并就此问题给出了初步解决方案。最后，论文明确了ITS体系框架开发步
骤，并以交通信息服务领域为例进行体系框架开发。
物理系统模块化是对逻辑功能元素按照一定原则进行组合的过程，本论文
引入设计结构矩阵，量化ITS逻辑功能元素关系并进行建模，通过矩阵分析、计
算，得到分层的逻辑功能元素，并判断其核心功能，可得到初步的物理系统模
块。实例证明，设计结构矩阵可辅助用于物理系统模块化构建。
As many complicated systems analysis, intelligent transport systems (ITS) which
cut across many technology areas and departments, need some theories and methods
in guiding the development of ITS architecture, to ensure the architecture to be
general, logical, and strict, and so it can guide regional ITS planning, and ITS
standards setting and systems design. So author will discuss guidelines and key
questions for ITS architecture development, and make a research on the application of
design structure matrix (DSM) in forming physical elements.
To two architecture development methods: process-oriented method and object-
oriented method, this paper analyses them used in ITS logical function decomposition
and physical system elements combination, then concludes that the different methods
make little effect on ITS architecture, so choice of development method can be based
on the two methods characters which listed in this paper, and architecture
development workers’ knowledge background and so on.
On the proceeding of ITS architecture development, this paper pays attention to
some key questions, including the constitutes of ITS architecture, the principles of
confining ITS terminals, the rules of developing logical architecture, and physical
architecture flows. Thereinto, based on the new concept –applicable system which
given in the Chinese ITS architecture (Version 2.0), this paper analyses the applicable
systems’ effects in ITS architecture, and considers that the applicable system makes
ITS architecture more practically. When we transform logical architecture to physical
architecture, we should evaluate the different methods in realizing one logical element,
by this way to support combining physical elements and this paper gives a solution to
this problem. At last, this paper gives the whole development processes explicitly. As
an example, the development on the Traffic Information Services is given.
Physical modeling is a process of combining several logical elements based on
some rules to physical elements. This paper used DSM method in modeling logical
elements’ relationship, by analysis and calculation of DSM, we get hierarchical
logical elements and find out the kernel ones. By this method, we can get primary
physical elements. It is proved by examples that DSM is assistant in physical
modeling.
多部门的复杂大系统，其构架分析也需要一定的理论方法作指导，以保证ITS内
容完整、逻辑清晰、结构紧密，为地方ITS规划、ITS标准制定、具体系统设计
等提供基础。鉴于上述意义及目前开发存在的问题，本论文从ITS体系框架开发
指导方法、开发步骤及关键点等方面进行研究，并探讨设计结构矩阵在物理系
统元素模块化中的应用。
针对指导体系框架开发的面向过程和面向对象两种方法，结合软件工程相
关知识，本论文就两者在ITS逻辑框架功能分解、物理框架系统模块化等方面的
应用特点进行具体分析，认为由不同的体系框架开发指导方法得到的ITS体系框
架在本质上差异不大，因此选择体系框架开发指导方法时可结合本论文中所列
两种方法特点、已有基础、开发人员知识背景等因素来确定。
本论文针对体系框架开发步骤及关键点进行分析，包括ITS体系框架内容的
确定、终端确定原则、构建逻辑框架需遵循的原则、逻辑框架到物理框架的转
化需遵循的原则、物理框架流分析等内容。其中，针对我国ITS体系框架第二版
提出的ITS应用系统，论文对其进行深入分析，认为应用系统作为与用户服务直
接相关的元素，使得体系框架在构成上形成闭循环，因此可在体系框架中增加
应用系统，使其内容臻于完善；论文认为在逻辑框架到物理框架转化时，应针
对实现同一逻辑功能的不同实现方式进行比较评价，为ITS系统模块化提供支
持，并就此问题给出了初步解决方案。最后，论文明确了ITS体系框架开发步
骤，并以交通信息服务领域为例进行体系框架开发。
物理系统模块化是对逻辑功能元素按照一定原则进行组合的过程，本论文
引入设计结构矩阵，量化ITS逻辑功能元素关系并进行建模，通过矩阵分析、计
算，得到分层的逻辑功能元素，并判断其核心功能，可得到初步的物理系统模
块。实例证明，设计结构矩阵可辅助用于物理系统模块化构建。
As many complicated systems analysis, intelligent transport systems (ITS) which
cut across many technology areas and departments, need some theories and methods
in guiding the development of ITS architecture, to ensure the architecture to be
general, logical, and strict, and so it can guide regional ITS planning, and ITS
standards setting and systems design. So author will discuss guidelines and key
questions for ITS architecture development, and make a research on the application of
design structure matrix (DSM) in forming physical elements.
To two architecture development methods: process-oriented method and object-
oriented method, this paper analyses them used in ITS logical function decomposition
and physical system elements combination, then concludes that the different methods
make little effect on ITS architecture, so choice of development method can be based
on the two methods characters which listed in this paper, and architecture
development workers’ knowledge background and so on.
On the proceeding of ITS architecture development, this paper pays attention to
some key questions, including the constitutes of ITS architecture, the principles of
confining ITS terminals, the rules of developing logical architecture, and physical
architecture flows. Thereinto, based on the new concept –applicable system which
given in the Chinese ITS architecture (Version 2.0), this paper analyses the applicable
systems’ effects in ITS architecture, and considers that the applicable system makes
ITS architecture more practically. When we transform logical architecture to physical
architecture, we should evaluate the different methods in realizing one logical element,
by this way to support combining physical elements and this paper gives a solution to
this problem. At last, this paper gives the whole development processes explicitly. As
an example, the development on the Traffic Information Services is given.
Physical modeling is a process of combining several logical elements based on
some rules to physical elements. This paper used DSM method in modeling logical
elements’ relationship, by analysis and calculation of DSM, we get hierarchical
logical elements and find out the kernel ones. By this method, we can get primary
physical elements. It is proved by examples that DSM is assistant in physical
modeling.
引文
1 黄卫. 陈里得. 智能运输系统 (ITS) 概论. 人民交通出版社. 1999：3～7
2 “九五”国家重点科技攻关项目. 中国智能运输系统体系框架. 人民交通出版
社. 2003：11～15
3 任福田. 刘小明. 荣建等. 交通工程学. 人民交通出版社. 2003.7：358～359
4 贾俊刚. 智能交通系统研究. 同济大学博士学位论文. 2000.12：19
5 Hong Lo. Mark Hickman. and Stein Wiesenberger. A structured approach for ITS
architecture Representation and Evaluation, Vehicle Navigation and Information
Systems Conference Proceeding, 1995：442-449
6 Randolph W.Hall. The Architecture of Transportation Systems，Transpn.Res.C.
Vol 3. 1995：129～142
7 杨佩昆. 智能交通运输系统体系结构. 同济大学出版社. 2001
8 Michael D. Meyer. 易汉文. 21世纪的交通规划. 国外城市规划. 2001.2：36～38
9 ITS Australia Inc. A National Reference Architecture for Intelligent Transport
Systems (ITS) Final Report. 1999
10 王震宇. 黄卫. 陆毅. 中国智能交通系统体系结构发展研究. 东南大学学报.
2001.5：85～90
11 张海藩. 软件工程. 人民邮电出版社. 2002.3. 6～7
12 U.S.DOT, National ITS Architecture (Version 5.0) ，2003
13 Trl international workshop. Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) Architecture
Proceedings. 1996.5：8~9
14 蒋金勇. 杨晓光. 美国国家智能运输系统体系结构概述. 公路交通科技.
1999.9：50～54
15 Rick Schuman. Developing a system architecture that no one owns: The USA
Approach to System Architecture. Proceedings of the 1st world congress on ITS.
French. 1994
16 Bruce Eisenhart. Russell W.Taylor. ITS National Architecture Development An
inside view ：Proceedings of the 2nd world congress on ITS. 1995
17 http://itsarch.iteris.com/itsarch/html/turbo/turbomain.htm
-61-
北京工业大学工学硕士学位论文
18 US.DOT. Successful Approaches to deploying a Metropolitan Intelligent
Transportation System Final Report. 1999.3
19 http://www.frame-online.net/aboutFRAME.htm . Europe ITS architecture.
20 任江涛. 张毅. 许俊华. 李志恒. 胡东成. 美日欧ITS体系结构比较分析. 公路交
通科技. 2001.4：61～66
21 ITS Japan. National System Architecture for ITS and Regional Architecture in
Japan. 2002.12
22 Takaaki Sugiura. Current Condition on System Architecture in Japan. 2002
23 国家智能交通系统工程技术研究中心. 江苏ITS体系框架与规划最终报告.
2003.11
24 贺国光. 马寿峰. 论交通系统一体化. 交通运输系统工程与信息. 2003.5：60～
65
25 杨东援. 贾俊刚. 戴禾. 赵娅丽. 智能运输系统战略规划研究. 同济大学学报.
2001.7：873～879
26 杨东援. 贾俊刚. 徐士伟. 城市交通信息系统规划研究.中国城市交通规划学术
委员会年会. 1999.9
27 http://www.tongji.edu.cn/~yangdy/paper/itsplan.htm
28 纪春林. 吴玉明. 智能化公安交通管理系统的体系框架. 中国科学技术协会. 第
七届多国城市交通学术会议论文集. 北京，团结出版社，2001.10
29 任江涛. 张毅. 李志恒. 胡东成. 一种面向信息应用的ITS体系结构. 公路交通科
技. 2001.6
30 任江涛. 张毅. 李志恒. 胡东成. 面向信息应用的ITS信息模型及交换模式. 清华
大学学报（自然科学版）. 2002.3
31 陆毅. 面向对象方法在ITS体系框架构建中的应用. 东南大学硕士论文. 2001.2
32 National ITS Architecture Team, Regional ITS architecture Guidance, 2001.12
33 U. S. Department of Transportation Intelligent Transportation Systems Joint
Program Office, Developing Traveler Information Systems Using the National ITS
Architecture, 1998
34 Ichiro Masaki, Ramazan Demir, Edward F.Crawley, System Design for Intelligent
Transportation Systems, 1996,IEEE
35 冯玉林. 赵保华. 软件工程--方法、工具和实践（第二版）.中国科学技术大学
- 62 -
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出版社. 1992
36 Peter Cord, Edward Yourdon 著. 面向对象的分析. 邵维忠. 廖钢城. 李力译. 北
京大学出版社. 1992
37 朱海滨. 阳国贵. 刘仲. 面向对象原理与应用. 国防科技大学出版社. 1998
38 龚元明. 陈为正. 刘万春. 计算机软件工程基础. 北京致公出版社. 1994
39 http://www.vertis.or.jp . Japan ITS architecture
40 C.Garcia, F.Alayon etc. Architecture of an integral information system for public
road transport of passengers, Urban transport 6 urban transport and the
environment for the 21st century.
41 ISO/TR technical report . transportation information and control systems-
reference model architecture(s)for the TICS sector-part 2:core TICS reference
architecture .2000
42 Tetina Lo, A Vehicle-to-Roadside Communications Architecture for ITS
application. University of California at Berkeley. 1998
43 Qingyan (Ken) Yang, Heng Wei, Jeffrey R. Manring, Preeti Agarwal, XML,
SOAP and Web Service: A New Option to ITS C2C Communication and
Interoperability, The TRB 82nd Annual Meeting in Washington, D.C. 2003.12
44 Rolv Break, Steinar Andresen, Modeling Advanced Transport Telematics
Architecture Using Formal Definition Techniques, proposal for a methodology
that incorporates extensions to SDL and ER
45 David Zavattero, Wei Wu, Use of CORBA and Object Oriented Concepts in
theGary-Chicago-Milwaukee (GCM) Gateway Traveler Information System, TRB
2003 Annual Meeting
46 吕小明. 经济中心城市综合交通枢纽战略规划研究. 同济大学博士学位论文.
1999
47 国家“十五”科技攻关子课题十五――《智能交通系统体系框架及支持系统
开发和技术跟踪》中期成果. 2004.3
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52 王庆文. 张新访. 周济. 余俊. 并行设计过程建模及优化. 计算机辅助设计与图
形学学报. 1997.11
53 http://www.dsmweb.org/index.html
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文，2002.9
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2 “九五”国家重点科技攻关项目. 中国智能运输系统体系框架. 人民交通出版
社. 2003：11～15
3 任福田. 刘小明. 荣建等. 交通工程学. 人民交通出版社. 2003.7：358～359
4 贾俊刚. 智能交通系统研究. 同济大学博士学位论文. 2000.12：19
5 Hong Lo. Mark Hickman. and Stein Wiesenberger. A structured approach for ITS
architecture Representation and Evaluation, Vehicle Navigation and Information
Systems Conference Proceeding, 1995：442-449
6 Randolph W.Hall. The Architecture of Transportation Systems，Transpn.Res.C.
Vol 3. 1995：129～142
7 杨佩昆. 智能交通运输系统体系结构. 同济大学出版社. 2001
8 Michael D. Meyer. 易汉文. 21世纪的交通规划. 国外城市规划. 2001.2：36～38
9 ITS Australia Inc. A National Reference Architecture for Intelligent Transport
Systems (ITS) Final Report. 1999
10 王震宇. 黄卫. 陆毅. 中国智能交通系统体系结构发展研究. 东南大学学报.
2001.5：85～90
11 张海藩. 软件工程. 人民邮电出版社. 2002.3. 6～7
12 U.S.DOT, National ITS Architecture (Version 5.0) ，2003
13 Trl international workshop. Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) Architecture
Proceedings. 1996.5：8~9
14 蒋金勇. 杨晓光. 美国国家智能运输系统体系结构概述. 公路交通科技.
1999.9：50～54
15 Rick Schuman. Developing a system architecture that no one owns: The USA
Approach to System Architecture. Proceedings of the 1st world congress on ITS.
French. 1994
16 Bruce Eisenhart. Russell W.Taylor. ITS National Architecture Development An
inside view ：Proceedings of the 2nd world congress on ITS. 1995
17 http://itsarch.iteris.com/itsarch/html/turbo/turbomain.htm
-61-
北京工业大学工学硕士学位论文
18 US.DOT. Successful Approaches to deploying a Metropolitan Intelligent
Transportation System Final Report. 1999.3
19 http://www.frame-online.net/aboutFRAME.htm . Europe ITS architecture.
20 任江涛. 张毅. 许俊华. 李志恒. 胡东成. 美日欧ITS体系结构比较分析. 公路交
通科技. 2001.4：61～66
21 ITS Japan. National System Architecture for ITS and Regional Architecture in
Japan. 2002.12
22 Takaaki Sugiura. Current Condition on System Architecture in Japan. 2002
23 国家智能交通系统工程技术研究中心. 江苏ITS体系框架与规划最终报告.
2003.11
24 贺国光. 马寿峰. 论交通系统一体化. 交通运输系统工程与信息. 2003.5：60～
65
25 杨东援. 贾俊刚. 戴禾. 赵娅丽. 智能运输系统战略规划研究. 同济大学学报.
2001.7：873～879
26 杨东援. 贾俊刚. 徐士伟. 城市交通信息系统规划研究.中国城市交通规划学术
委员会年会. 1999.9
27 http://www.tongji.edu.cn/~yangdy/paper/itsplan.htm
28 纪春林. 吴玉明. 智能化公安交通管理系统的体系框架. 中国科学技术协会. 第
七届多国城市交通学术会议论文集. 北京，团结出版社，2001.10
29 任江涛. 张毅. 李志恒. 胡东成. 一种面向信息应用的ITS体系结构. 公路交通科
技. 2001.6
30 任江涛. 张毅. 李志恒. 胡东成. 面向信息应用的ITS信息模型及交换模式. 清华
大学学报（自然科学版）. 2002.3
31 陆毅. 面向对象方法在ITS体系框架构建中的应用. 东南大学硕士论文. 2001.2
32 National ITS Architecture Team, Regional ITS architecture Guidance, 2001.12
33 U. S. Department of Transportation Intelligent Transportation Systems Joint
Program Office, Developing Traveler Information Systems Using the National ITS
Architecture, 1998
34 Ichiro Masaki, Ramazan Demir, Edward F.Crawley, System Design for Intelligent
Transportation Systems, 1996,IEEE
35 冯玉林. 赵保华. 软件工程--方法、工具和实践（第二版）.中国科学技术大学
- 62 -
参 考 文 献
出版社. 1992
36 Peter Cord, Edward Yourdon 著. 面向对象的分析. 邵维忠. 廖钢城. 李力译. 北
京大学出版社. 1992
37 朱海滨. 阳国贵. 刘仲. 面向对象原理与应用. 国防科技大学出版社. 1998
38 龚元明. 陈为正. 刘万春. 计算机软件工程基础. 北京致公出版社. 1994
39 http://www.vertis.or.jp . Japan ITS architecture
40 C.Garcia, F.Alayon etc. Architecture of an integral information system for public
road transport of passengers, Urban transport 6 urban transport and the
environment for the 21st century.
41 ISO/TR technical report . transportation information and control systems-
reference model architecture(s)for the TICS sector-part 2:core TICS reference
architecture .2000
42 Tetina Lo, A Vehicle-to-Roadside Communications Architecture for ITS
application. University of California at Berkeley. 1998
43 Qingyan (Ken) Yang, Heng Wei, Jeffrey R. Manring, Preeti Agarwal, XML,
SOAP and Web Service: A New Option to ITS C2C Communication and
Interoperability, The TRB 82nd Annual Meeting in Washington, D.C. 2003.12
44 Rolv Break, Steinar Andresen, Modeling Advanced Transport Telematics
Architecture Using Formal Definition Techniques, proposal for a methodology
that incorporates extensions to SDL and ER
45 David Zavattero, Wei Wu, Use of CORBA and Object Oriented Concepts in
theGary-Chicago-Milwaukee (GCM) Gateway Traveler Information System, TRB
2003 Annual Meeting
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