基于MAS的客运专线交通枢纽行人交通微观仿真研究
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摘要
中国高速铁路建设举世瞩目。随着客运专线的建设,在一些大中城市已经形成了综合性的交通枢纽,如北京南站、上海南站、广州南站等。这些交通枢纽存在空间结构复杂,枢纽内客流量大、客流成份复杂、疏散空间受限等特点。客流在枢纽内会如何使用各种设施?哪些设施是制约客流集散的主要瓶颈?这些瓶颈如何改善?对于枢纽的服务水平、安全等级以及枢纽内设施的利用率如何评估?传统的静态客流预测及枢纽评估分析方法已经不能很好地回答这些问题。如能解决这些问题,将为既有和在建大型综合交通枢纽的评估提供技术保障和理论指导。本文基于以上这些问题,结合作者正在从事的国家863课题(2009AA11Z207),对综合交通枢纽行人交通仿真系统进行研究设计。
首先,本文对国内外的多Agent系统及交通仿真现状进行了详细的综述。在详细介绍Agent的特征、体系结构、Agent司的通信模型和通信语言、消息结构等的基础上,为了全局通信的方便性和准确性,创建了适合本系统的基于本体的交通枢纽知识共享模型。
其次,根据交通枢纽行人交通仿真的需要,对交通枢纽设施的服务特性进行了研究,根据实地调研的数据,给出了设施服务时间分布规律。由于枢纽内行人的产生规律是否符合现实,对仿真数据的可靠性和实用性起着关键作用,作者基于大量的调研数据,构建出了符合复合负指数分布的客流产生模型。
接着,对交通枢纽行人交通微观仿真的行人运动模型及行人路径选择模型进行了研究。对于行人在交通枢纽内的运动模型—社会力模型,作者进行了完善和改进。对于在单纯的社会力作用下行人的重叠问题,设计出了切实可行的重叠消除算法；对于在多出口情况下存在的客流分布严重不均衡的问题,作者扩充了出口吸引力的概念,设计出了针对不同吸引力的概率选择模型,实验证明,这种改进效果显著。对于行人在运动过程中的路径选择行为,作者首先对这种路径选择进行了层次化分,然后依据效用最优理论,针对行人在执行层的走行行为创建了路径选择模型。
随后,基于以上的Agent理论、枢纽设施服务规律、客流产生规律以及行人运动模型和路径选择规律,构建枢纽仿真所需各Agent,并以各Agent为构件,建立了基于Agent的交通枢纽仿真系统。本系统的普适性和可移植性都比较好,尤其是Agent理论的引入,更是使系统以及行走在其中的行人Agent的个性化设置可以方便快捷得实现。
最后,以北京南站为例,构建了仿真系统,并对正常情况和客流加压情况下分别进行了仿真实验。这些仿真数据对南站的日常管理及危机预防有着重要的参考意义。
In China, the construction of the high-speed railway is remarkable. With the construction of Passenger Dedicated Line (PDL), some comprehensive transportation hubs have already formed in some major cities such as the Beijing South Railway Station, the Shanghan South Railway Station and the Guangzhou South Railway Station. With regard to these stations, there are some characteristics such as the space structure is complex, the passenger flow is large, the passenger constitute is complex, and the evacuating space is limited. In the hubs, passengers how to use the facilities? Which facilities are bottleneck of evacuation? How to improve the bottlenecks? How to evaluate the service level, the security level, and the utilization rate of the hubs? The traditional methods of forecasting passenger flow and evaluating and analyzing the hubs are unapplicable yet. How to resolve the problems, will provide technology safeguard and theoretical support for evaluating the hubs. Based on the problems above, combined with the project of the National High-Tech R&D Program of China (Grant No.2009AA11Z207) the author is engaging in, the paper primarily research and design the traffic hub pedestrians'simulation system.
Firstly, in this paper, a detailed overview of multi-Agent systems and traffic hub simulation at home and abroad is given, based on that, characteristics and structures of Agent together with the structure of multi-Agent system are introduced, and then, communication model, communication language between Agents and message structures are presented. For the convenience and accuracy of the global communication, a transportation hub knowledge sharing model which is based on the ontology and suitable for system is established.
Secondly, According to the need of traffic hub pedestrians' simulation, the author researched the service characteristics of the traffic hub facilities, and then, based on the field survey data, obtained the service time distribution of the facilities. It is significant to the reliability and the practicability of the simulation data that the produce rule of the traffic hub pedestrians is in line with the reality. Based on plenty of investigation data, the author establishes the model of the passenger flow produce rule—composite negative exponent distribution.
Thirdly, the author researched on the movement model and the route choice model of the pedestrians in the traffic hub which can be applied to the micro-simulation system. The author firstly perfected and improved the movement model of pedestrians in the traffic hub. With regard to the problem of pedestrians overlapping, a practical and feasible overlapping elimination algorithm is given About the problem of serious imbalance of passenger flow when several exits available, the autor expanded the concept of exit attractive force, and then a probability model is introduced aimed at different attractive force. An experiment proved that the improvement effect is remarkable. With a view to the route choice of pedestrians in the traffic hub, firstly, a hierarchical method is used, and then, a route choice model is established in according to the utility optimal theory.
And then, based on the agent theory, service time distribution of the traffic facilities, the passenger flow produce rule, the pedestrians'movement model, pedestrians' route choice rule, Agents suitable for the simulation are constructed, and a Agents based simulation system is established. The universality and the portability are all excellent, especially after the import of the Agent theory, the customization of the traffic hub which will be simulated and the pedestrians moving in the hub can be achieved conveniently and quickly.
Finally, take the Beijing South Station as an example, based on the previous functional agents, a simulation system is established and experiments are carried out for verification. The simulation data is meaningful to the Beijing South Station to manage the passengers and to prevent the crisis.
首先,本文对国内外的多Agent系统及交通仿真现状进行了详细的综述。在详细介绍Agent的特征、体系结构、Agent司的通信模型和通信语言、消息结构等的基础上,为了全局通信的方便性和准确性,创建了适合本系统的基于本体的交通枢纽知识共享模型。
其次,根据交通枢纽行人交通仿真的需要,对交通枢纽设施的服务特性进行了研究,根据实地调研的数据,给出了设施服务时间分布规律。由于枢纽内行人的产生规律是否符合现实,对仿真数据的可靠性和实用性起着关键作用,作者基于大量的调研数据,构建出了符合复合负指数分布的客流产生模型。
接着,对交通枢纽行人交通微观仿真的行人运动模型及行人路径选择模型进行了研究。对于行人在交通枢纽内的运动模型—社会力模型,作者进行了完善和改进。对于在单纯的社会力作用下行人的重叠问题,设计出了切实可行的重叠消除算法；对于在多出口情况下存在的客流分布严重不均衡的问题,作者扩充了出口吸引力的概念,设计出了针对不同吸引力的概率选择模型,实验证明,这种改进效果显著。对于行人在运动过程中的路径选择行为,作者首先对这种路径选择进行了层次化分,然后依据效用最优理论,针对行人在执行层的走行行为创建了路径选择模型。
随后,基于以上的Agent理论、枢纽设施服务规律、客流产生规律以及行人运动模型和路径选择规律,构建枢纽仿真所需各Agent,并以各Agent为构件,建立了基于Agent的交通枢纽仿真系统。本系统的普适性和可移植性都比较好,尤其是Agent理论的引入,更是使系统以及行走在其中的行人Agent的个性化设置可以方便快捷得实现。
最后,以北京南站为例,构建了仿真系统,并对正常情况和客流加压情况下分别进行了仿真实验。这些仿真数据对南站的日常管理及危机预防有着重要的参考意义。
In China, the construction of the high-speed railway is remarkable. With the construction of Passenger Dedicated Line (PDL), some comprehensive transportation hubs have already formed in some major cities such as the Beijing South Railway Station, the Shanghan South Railway Station and the Guangzhou South Railway Station. With regard to these stations, there are some characteristics such as the space structure is complex, the passenger flow is large, the passenger constitute is complex, and the evacuating space is limited. In the hubs, passengers how to use the facilities? Which facilities are bottleneck of evacuation? How to improve the bottlenecks? How to evaluate the service level, the security level, and the utilization rate of the hubs? The traditional methods of forecasting passenger flow and evaluating and analyzing the hubs are unapplicable yet. How to resolve the problems, will provide technology safeguard and theoretical support for evaluating the hubs. Based on the problems above, combined with the project of the National High-Tech R&D Program of China (Grant No.2009AA11Z207) the author is engaging in, the paper primarily research and design the traffic hub pedestrians'simulation system.
Firstly, in this paper, a detailed overview of multi-Agent systems and traffic hub simulation at home and abroad is given, based on that, characteristics and structures of Agent together with the structure of multi-Agent system are introduced, and then, communication model, communication language between Agents and message structures are presented. For the convenience and accuracy of the global communication, a transportation hub knowledge sharing model which is based on the ontology and suitable for system is established.
Secondly, According to the need of traffic hub pedestrians' simulation, the author researched the service characteristics of the traffic hub facilities, and then, based on the field survey data, obtained the service time distribution of the facilities. It is significant to the reliability and the practicability of the simulation data that the produce rule of the traffic hub pedestrians is in line with the reality. Based on plenty of investigation data, the author establishes the model of the passenger flow produce rule—composite negative exponent distribution.
Thirdly, the author researched on the movement model and the route choice model of the pedestrians in the traffic hub which can be applied to the micro-simulation system. The author firstly perfected and improved the movement model of pedestrians in the traffic hub. With regard to the problem of pedestrians overlapping, a practical and feasible overlapping elimination algorithm is given About the problem of serious imbalance of passenger flow when several exits available, the autor expanded the concept of exit attractive force, and then a probability model is introduced aimed at different attractive force. An experiment proved that the improvement effect is remarkable. With a view to the route choice of pedestrians in the traffic hub, firstly, a hierarchical method is used, and then, a route choice model is established in according to the utility optimal theory.
And then, based on the agent theory, service time distribution of the traffic facilities, the passenger flow produce rule, the pedestrians'movement model, pedestrians' route choice rule, Agents suitable for the simulation are constructed, and a Agents based simulation system is established. The universality and the portability are all excellent, especially after the import of the Agent theory, the customization of the traffic hub which will be simulated and the pedestrians moving in the hub can be achieved conveniently and quickly.
Finally, take the Beijing South Station as an example, based on the previous functional agents, a simulation system is established and experiments are carried out for verification. The simulation data is meaningful to the Beijing South Station to manage the passengers and to prevent the crisis.
引文
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